Table Of ContentHandbook of Laser Technology and
Applications
Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications
Lasers: Principles and Operations (Volume One)
Second Edition
Lasers Design and Laser Systems (Volume Two)
Second Edition
Lasers Application: Material Processing and Spectroscopy (Volume Three)
Second Edition
Laser Applications: Medical, Metrology and Communication (Volume Four)
Second Edition
Handbook of Laser Technology and
Applications
Lasers Design and Laser Systems (Volume Two)
Second Edition
Edited by
Chunlei Guo
Subhash Chandra Singh
Second edition published 2021
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
First edition published by IOP Publishing 2004
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Guo, Chunlei, editor. | Singh, Subhash Chandra, editor.
Title: Handbook of laser technology and applications : four volume set /
[edited by] Chunlei Guo and Subhash Chandra Singh.
Description: 2nd edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021- |
Series: Handbook of laser technology and applications | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Contents: v. 1. Lasers: principles and operations —
v. 2. Laser design and laser systems — v. 3. Lasers applications: materials processing —
v. 4. Laser applications: medical, metrology a [?].
Identifiers: LCCN 2020037189 (print) | LCCN 2020037190 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138032613 (v. 1 ; hardback) | ISBN 9781138032620 (v. 2 ; hardback) |
ISBN 9781138033320 (v. 3 ; hardback) | ISBN 9780367649173 (v. 4 ; hardback) |
ISBN 9781138196575 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315389561 (v. 1 ; ebook) |
ISBN 9781003127130 (v. 2 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781315310855 (v. 3 ; ebook) |
ISBN 9781003130123 (v. 4 ; ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Lasers.
Classification: LCC TK7871.3 .H25 2021 (print) | LCC TK7871.3 (ebook) |
DDC 621.36/6—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037189
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037190
ISBN: 978-1-138-03262-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-64979-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-12713-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Editors .............................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ..................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
1. Solid-State Lasers: Section Introduction .............................................................................................................................1
R. C. Powell
2. Transition Metal Ion Lasers—Cr3+ ......................................................................................................................................3
Georges Boulon
3. Transition Metal Ion Lasers Other Than Cr3+ ..................................................................................................................25
Stephen A. Payne
4. Rare-Earth Ion Lasers—Nd3+ ............................................................................................................................................35
A. I. Zagumennyi, V. A. Mikhailov, and I. A. Shcherbakov
5. Rare-Earth Ions—Miscellaneous: Ce3+, U3+, Divalent, etc. .............................................................................................55
Gregory J. Quarles
6. Ti:sapphire: Material, Lasers and Amplifiers ..................................................................................................................69
Peter F. Moulton, Alan R. Fry, and Peter Fendel
7. Lanthanide Series Lasers—Near-Infrared .......................................................................................................................83
Norman P. Barnes
8. Lasers Based on Non-Linear Effects .................................................................................................................................101
Fabienne Pellé
9. Solid-State Raman Lasers .................................................................................................................................................127
T. T. Basiev and R. C. Powell
10. Colour Centre Lasers ..........................................................................................................................................................151
T. T. Basiev, P. G. Zverev, and S. B. Mirov
11. Laser Diodes: Section Introduction ...................................................................................................................................167
Ian White
12. Basic Principles of Laser Diodes .......................................................................................................................................169
Niloy K. Dutta
13. Spectral Control in Laser Diodes .....................................................................................................................................195
Markus-Christian Amann
14. High-Speed Laser Diodes ...................................................................................................................................................211
Peter P. Vasil’ev
15. High-Power Laser Diodes and Laser Diode Arrays .......................................................................................................225
Peter Unger
16. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of III–V Red-Emitting Laser Diodes .......................................................................235
Peter Blood
v
vi Contents
17. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of Blue Laser Diodes ..................................................................................................251
Robert Martin
18. Long-Wavelength Laser Diodes ........................................................................................................................................263
S. Anders, G. Strasser, and E. Gornik
19. Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Amplifiers for Switching and Signal Processing ................................................273
Hitoshi Kawaguchi
20. Silicon-Based Lasers ..........................................................................................................................................................287
Qiang Li, Bei Shi, and Yu Han
21. Gas/Vapour Lasers: Section Introduction .......................................................................................................................299
Julian Jones
22. Atomic Gas Lasers: Helium–Neon Lasers .......................................................................................................................301
Alan D. White and Lisa Tsufura
23. Metal vapor Lasers: Helium–Cadmium Laser ...............................................................................................................309
William T. Silfvast
24. Copper and Gold Vapour Lasers .......................................................................................................................................315
Colin Webb
25. Ion Lasers: Argon and Krypton Ion Lasers ....................................................................................................................325
Malcolm H. Dunn and Tony Gutierrez
26. Carbon Dioxide Lasers ......................................................................................................................................................337
Denis R. Hall
27. Excimer Lasers: F , N and H Lasers .............................................................................................................................365
2 2 2
W. J. Witteman
28. High-Brightness Excimer Lasers and Extreme Conditions They Produce ..................................................................403
Sándor Szatmári
29. Optically Pumped Mid-IR Lasers: NH , C H .................................................................................................................419
3 2 2
Mary S. Tobin
30. Far-IR Lasers: HCN, H O .................................................................................................................................................433
2
Wilhelm Prettl
31. Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) ............................................................................................................................441
Boris Zhdanov and Randall Knize
32. Chemical Lasers:Section Introduction ............................................................................................................................449
Julian Jones
33. Chemical Lasers: COIL......................................................................................................................................................451
B. D. Barmashenko and S. Rosenwaks
34. Chemical Lasers: HF/DF ...................................................................................................................................................467
Lee H. Sentman
35. Fiber and Waveguide Lasers: Section Introduction .......................................................................................................475
R. C. Powell
36. Fibre Lasers ........................................................................................................................................................................477
Wei Shi, Shijie Fu, and Qiang Fang
Contents vii
37. High-Power Fibre Lasers ...................................................................................................................................................489
Christophe A. Codemard and M. N. Zervas
38. Raman Fibre Lasers...........................................................................................................................................................501
Igor Bufetov and Sergey Babin
39. Solitons and Dissipative Solitons for Ultrafast Lasers ....................................................................................................521
Ph Grelu
40. Bismuth-Doped Fibre Lasers and Optical Amplifiers ....................................................................................................535
Evgeny Dianov, Mikhail Melkumov, and Sergei Firstov
41. Erbium and Other Doped Fibre Amplifiers ....................................................................................................................557
Kevin Cordina
42. High-Power Planar Waveguide Lasers ............................................................................................................................571
J. I. Mackenzie and D. P. Shepherd
43. MEMS-Based Swept Laser Source...................................................................................................................................585
John O. Gerguis, Yasser M. Sabry, Haitham Omran, and Diaa Khalil
44. Dye Lasers: Section Introduction .....................................................................................................................................599
Colin Webb
45. Liquid Lasers ......................................................................................................................................................................601
David H. Titterton
46. Solid-State Dye Lasers .......................................................................................................................................................623
David H. Titterton
47. Other Lasers: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................................637
Colin Webb, Subhash Chandra Singh, and Chunlei Guo
48. Free-Electron Lasers and Synchrotron Light Sources...................................................................................................639
P. G. O’Shea and J. B. Murphy
49. X-Ray Lasers .......................................................................................................................................................................653
Jorge J. Rocca
50. Terahertz Lasers ................................................................................................................................................................671
Taiichi Otsuji
Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................685
Preface
This updated Handbook comes at the time when the world just As the laser shines in modern applications, we added a large
celebrated the 60th anniversary of the laser. Compared to most number of new chapters reflecting the most recent advance-
fields in science and technology, the laser is still a relatively ments in laser technologies. Throughout the Handbook,
young one, but its developments have been astonishing. Today, entirely new sections were added, including sections on mate-
hardly any area of modern life is left untouched by lasers, so rials processing, laser spectroscopy and lasers in imaging and
it is almost impossible to provide a complete account of this communications. Nearly all chapters in these sections are
subject. either entirely new or substantially revised. On the other hand,
As challenging as it is, this updated Handbook attempts to some of the topics previously included have seen dwindling
provide a comprehensive coverage on modern laser technology relevance today. We had to make the hard decision to let go of
and applications, including recent advancements and state-of- some of these outdated chapters from the first edition. Despite
the-art research and developments. The main goal of develop- these deletions, this new Handbook still grows significantly
ing this Handbook is to provide both an overview and details from the original three volumes to the current four volumes.
of ever-expanding technologies and applications in lasers. Bringing this large project to its conclusion is the collec-
We want this Handbook to be useful for both newcomers tive efforts of many individuals. It began with the encourage-
and experts in lasers. To meet these goals, the chapters in this ment and guidance of Lu Han, the then managing editor of
Handbook are typically developed in a style that does not this Handbook. I know how much Lu cared about this proj-
require advanced mathematical tools. On the other hand, they ect. I still remember an initial phone call with Lu, we finished
are written by the experts in each area so that the most impor- it at a late afternoon past 5 pm. Over the phone, I was told
tant concepts and developments are covered. that I would receive the first edition of this Handbook. To my
The first edition of the Handbook was released in 2003. It surprise, I had the handbooks in my hand the next morning.
has been hugely popular and ranked as one of the top ten most At CRC press, this project was later passed onto Carolina
referenced materials by the publisher. Eighteen years later, Antunes and finally to Lara Spieker, who has been essential in
although a relatively short period for many more established bringing this project to its conclusion.
scientific fields, the Handbook has become outdated, and an Many people have provided me with indispensable help.
update is overdue. The rapid changes in lasers are certainly My co-editor, Subhash Chandra Singh, at the University of
reinforced by my own experience of teaching and researching Rochester, helped chart the layout of this new edition and
the subject in the Institute of Optics at University of Rochester. worked along with me throughout this project. Ying Zhang,
Flipping through my old lecture notes on lasers, I am often who was a senior editor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine
amazed at how much progress we have witnessed in this field Mechanics, and Physics (CIOMP) in China, spent a half year
over the years. with us in Rochester, where his years of professional edito-
I am indebted to the editors of the first edition, Colin Webb rial experience helped move this project forward significantly.
and Julian Jones, who brought this original Handbook into Lastly, my thanks go to Pavel Redkin of CIOMP, who made
existence. When I was asked to take over this second edi- significant contributions in communicating with the chapter
tion, it laid before me a daunting task of how to rejuvenate the authors and guiding them throughout the project. Additionally,
Handbook while keeping its original flavour. Since many of my appreciation goes to Kai Davies, Sandeep K. Maurya, Xin
the fundamental principles of the laser are well established, Wei, and Wenting Sun for their help in this Handbook project.
we tried to honour the original authors by keeping the chap-
ters on fundamental concepts where possible. If a revision is Chunlei Guo
needed, we usually started by asking the original authors for Editor-in-Chief
the revision but if impossible, we brought in new authors to University of Rochester
revise these chapters.
ix
