Halophiles: Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation

459 Pages·2015·7.31 MB·English

by  Dinesh K Maheshwari

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 6
Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Meenu Saraf Editors
Halophiles
Biodiversity and Sustainable
Exploitation
123
Sustainable Development and Biodiversity
Volume 6
Series editor
Kishan Gopal Ramawat
M.L. Sukhadia University, Botany Department
Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Dinesh K. Maheshwari (cid:129) Meenu Saraf
Editors
Halophiles
Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation
Editors
Dinesh K. Maheshwari Meenu Saraf
Department of Botany and Microbiology Department of Microbiology
Gurukula Kangri University and Biotechnology
Haridwar (Uttarakhand) , India University School of Sciences
Gujarat University
Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
ISSN 2352-474X ISSN 2352-4758 (electronic)
Sustainable Development and Biodiversity
ISBN 978-3-319-14594-5 ISBN 978-3-319-14595-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2
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Pref ace
There is a great interest on study of extreme microorganisms, particularly halophilic
microorganisms which live in saline environments through different adaptation
mechanisms and produce metabolites with great potential. Saline environments such
as saline habitats are excellent sources for isolation of halophilic microorganisms.
Microbial adaptation has played a major role when bacteria in all forms branched
out into different environmental niches, arising from the hypersaline conditions of
the primordial sea. Halophiles are among the best model microorganisms to study
cellular adaptation. Their low nutritional requirements and resistance to high con-
centrations of salt make them a potent candidate in a wide range of biotechnological
applications. Halophilic bacteria are very divergent and more than 150 species in 70
genera of halophilic bacteria are reported. Use of these halophilic and halotolerant
microorganisms and their metabolites under harsh industrially conditions is a
strikingly important subject for industrial sectors.
T his volume deals with the diversity and importance of halophilic bacteria and
actinobacteria for biotechnological industries; methods for their isolation and
techniques for physiological, taxonomical and molecular characterization have
been highlighted. The halophiles as important sources of enzyme production has
been discussed. Metabolites and biological functions may resolve the ever-increas-
ing thirst of industry to cope up with a range of issues from environmental pollu-
tions to diseases and world’s hunger. The combination of these bio- molecules with
various nanomaterials like thin-layers, nanotubes, and nanospheres that results in
novel compounds possessing both biological properties of biomolecules and
physico-chemical characteristics of nanomaterials has been suitably described.
The book presents insights into the main biomolecules produced by both halophilic
archaea and bacteria revealing their potential implications in some nanotechnolo-
gies. Attempts have been made to outline progress in our understanding of their
environmental diversity and biological survivability. The adaptation of enzymes
during the course of their evolutionary development and some metabolic differ-
ences helped them expand and achieve environmental diversity. One of the most
interesting fi ndings in this fi eld of research is spatial and temporal variation in
microbial community structure, which was related to variations in salinity of the
v
vi Preface
microenvironment. Many of the isolated halophiles have been artifi cially aug-
mented and applied directly to saline soils to improve the nutrient status of such soil
and contribute to soil fertility and remediation .
Metabolic processes, like osmoregulation in halotolerant cells, dictate the
regulation of the bacterial cell membrane. Some of their biomolecules that have
been studied and applied in industrial processes include exopolysaccharides,
carotenoid pigments, bacteriorhodopsin, hydrolytic enzymes, etc. Various halophilic
enzymes in different enzymatically processes, compatible solutes as macromolecules
stabilizers, biopolymers, biofertilizers and pharmaceutically active molecules from
halophilic bacteria are among the important applications of these group. Quorum
sensing (QS) could infl uence the production of these biomolecules; thus a better
understanding of halophilic bacterial communication mechanisms can help to
improve the yields of these biotechnological processes.
The highlights of this book which include the distribution of the halobacteria, their
adaptation in different stress conditions, and mining of their unique antimicrobial
and enzymatic potential shall be useful to senior as well as budding researchers in
the emerging fi elds of microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology,
environmental sciences and nanotechnology.
We would like to express our gratitude to all the subject experts and reviewers
for their much needed mutual co-operation of scientifi c benefi ts. Their authoritative
contribution and up-to-date information could make this project a success.
Assistance rendered by our research scholars, Mohit and Shrivardhan, is thankfully
acknowledged. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Valeria Rinaudo and
Dr. Ineke from the publisher Springer for their valuable support to facilitate the
completion of this book.
Haridwar , Uttarakhand , India Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India Meenu Saraf
Contents
1 Biodiversity of Halophilic and Halotolerant
Actinobacteria ......................................................................................... 1
Wael N. Hozzein
2 Antimicrobial and Biocatalytic Potential
of Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacteria ......................................................... 29
Sangeeta D. Gohel , Amit K. Sharma , Kruti G. Dangar ,
Foram J. Thakrar , and Satya P. Singh
3 Biotechnological Exploitation of Actinobacterial Members ............... 57
Javad Hamedi , Fatemeh Mohammadipanah ,
and Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Halophiles .................................... 145
Pallavee Srivastava and Meenal Kowshik
5 Halophilic Microorganisms and Their Biomolecules:
Approaching into Frame of Bio(Nano) Technologies ........................... 161
Mădălin Enache , Roxana Cojoc , and Masahiro Kamekura
6 Environmental Diversity and Biological Survivability
of Halophilic Bacteria ............................................................................. 173
Narayanan Rajendran
7 Investigating the Quorum Sensing System
in Halophilic Bacteria ............................................................................. 189
Tommonaro Giuseppina , Abbamondi Gennaro Roberto ,
Toksoy Oner Ebru , and Nicolaus Barbara
8 Site Specific Bioinoculants for Sustainable
Agriculture in Coastal Saline Soil ......................................................... 209
Sudipta Tripathi , Shilajit Barua , and Kalyan Chakrabarti
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viii Contents
9 Application of Halotolerant Bacteria to Restore
Plant Growth Under Salt Stress............................................................. 235
Elhafi d Nabti , Michael Schmid , and Anton Hartmann
10 Beneficial Usages of Halophilic Microorganisms ................................. 261
Safi ye Elif Korcan , Muhsin Konuk , and Sevim Feyza Erdoğmuş
11 Halophilic Bacteria: Potentials and Applications
in Biotechnology ...................................................................................... 277
Fatemeh Mohammadipanah , Javad Hamedi , and Mona Dehhaghi
12 Microbial Hydrocarbon-Removal Under Halostress ........................... 323
Samir S-A. Radwan and Dina M. Al-Mailem
13 Hydrolytic Enzymes in Halophilic Bacteria,
Properties and Biotechnological Potential ............................................ 355
Mohammad Ali Amoozegar and Maryam Siroosi
14 Isolation and Screening of Halophilic Bacteria
for Production of Hydrolytic Enzymes ................................................. 379
M. Delgado-García , B. Nicolaus , A. Poli , C. N. Aguilar ,
and R. Rodríguez-Herrera
15 Perspectives and Application of Halophilic Enzymes .......................... 403
Stuti Patel and Meenu Saraf
16 Extracellular Proteases from Halophilic
and Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria: Occurrence
and Biochemical Properties.................................................................... 421
Vikram H. Raval , Megha K. Purohit , and Satya P. Singh
Index ................................................................................................................ 451
Contributors
C. N. Aguilar Food Research Department, School of Chemistry , Universidad
Autónoma de Coahuila , Coahuila , Mexico
Dina M. Al-Mailem Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences ,
Kuwait University , Safat , Kuwait
Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of
Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living
Organisms, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
Nicolaus Barbara National Research Council of Italy , Institute of Biomolecular
Chemistry , Pozzuoli , Naples , Italy
Shilajit Barua Department of Microbiol , Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College , Kolkata ,
India
Kalyan Chakrabarti Institute of Agric Science , University of Calcutta , Kolkata ,
India
Roxana Cojoc Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest ,
Romanian Academy , Bucharest , Romania
Kruti G. Dangar Department of Biosciences , Saurashtra University , Rajkot ,
Gujarat , India
Mona Dehhaghi D epartment of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and
Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science ,
University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran ,
Tehran , Iran
M. Delgado-García Food Research Department, School of Chemistry , Universidad
Autónoma de Coahuila , Coahuila , Mexico
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