Germ-Free Biology Experimental and Clinical Aspects: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Gnotobiology held in Buffalo, New York, June 9–11, 1968

410 Pages·1969·16.16 MB·English

by  Donald Vesley, George S. Michaelsen, Alexander A. Levitan (auth.), Edwin A. Mirand, Nathan Back (eds.)

GERM-FREE BIOLOGY
Experimental and Clinical Aspects
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Nathan Back Chairman, Department 01 Biochemical Pharmacology, School 01 Pharmacy,
State University 0/ New York, BuDalo, New York
N. R. Di Luzio Chairman, Department 0/ Physiology,
Tulane Un iversity School 0/ M edicine, N ew Orleans, Louisiana
Alfred GeIlhorn University 0/ Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bernard Halpern Director 0/ the Institute 0/ Immuno-Biology, Paris, France
Ephraim Katchalski Department 01 Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute 0/ Science, Rehovoth, Israel
David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abel Lajtha N ew York State Research Institute lor N eurochemistry and Drug Addiction,
Ward's Island, New York
Rodolfo Paoletti Institute 0/ Pharmacology, University 0/ Milan, Milan, [taly, and
Institute 0/ Pharmacology, University 01 Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
Volume 1
l'HE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Edited by N_ R. Di Luzio and R. Paoletti • 1967
Volume2
PHARMACOLOGY OF HORMONAL POLYPEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
Edited by N. Back, L. Martini, und R. Paoletti • 1968
Volume3
GERM-FREE BIOLOGY - EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS
Edited by E. A. Mirand and N. Back· 1969
Volume 4
DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by W. 1. Holmes, 1. A. Carlson, und R. Paoletti • 1969
GERM-FREE BIOLOGY
Experimental and Clinical Aspects
Proceedings of an International Symposium on Gnotobiology
held in Buffalo, New York, June 9-11, 1968
Edited by
Edwin A. Mirand
Roswell Park Memorial Institute
New York State Departmentol Health
State University 01 New York, BufJalo, New Yorle
N iagara U niversity, N iagara U niversity, N ew Y orle
Canisius College, BufJalo, N ew Y orle
and
Nathan Back
Department 0/ Biochemical Pharmacology
School 0/ Pharmacy
State University 01 New Y ork
BufJalo, New York
<:±? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1969
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-16518
© 1969 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Origina11y published by Plenum Press, New York in 1969.
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form without written permission from the publisher
ISBN 978-1-4899-6234-8 ISBN 978-1-4899-6495-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-6495-3
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1969
PREFACE
The purpose of this publication is to provide a cross-sectional
version of the present state of gnotobiology and its clinical ap-
plications by biomedical scientists and physicianso With contri-
butions from abroad as well as from the United States, the current
status of gnotobiology is amply exploredo We wish to express our
sincere appreciation to the participants for their contributions
to this Symposium held in Buffalo, New York on June 9 - 11, 1968,
sponsored by Roswell Park Memorial Institute, State University of
New York at Buffalo School of Pharmacy, and the Association for
Gnotobiotics, Inc o We owe a great debt to those pioneers who
labored under great hardships to develop this area of science o
Such people at the Lobund Institute at the University of Notre Dame,
notably the late Professor J. Ao Reyniers and Professor Po Co
Trexler and their colleagues as well as others in Sweden, Japan and
elsewhere, are to be recognized for their enormous effort to keep
this field aliveo
Who can determine the limits of the usefulness of gnotobiotic tech-
niques in solving problems in a number of the scienceso Its useful-
ness in immunological research is becoming more clearly understoodo
The techniques in gnotobiotic research may be useful too in aero-
space scienceo To those working in gnotobiology, Dro Nathan Back
and I would like to commend all of you who have contributed to so
many i.mportant developments in understanding the biological rela-
tionships between animals including man and their microflorao
Edwin Ao Mirand
December, 1968
v
CONTENTS
PATIENT CARE IN STERILE ENVIRONMENT
The App1ication of Laminar F10w Rooms to Patient
Isolation • • • • 0 • • • 0 • 0 1
Dona1d Ves1ey, George S. Michaelsen, and
A1exander A. Levitan
Technica1 Advances in Patient Isolation ••••• o • " 0 • 11
R. P. Hummel, M. Ma1ey, and B. G. MacMi11an
Laminar Air F10w Unit for Patients Undergoing Cancer
Chemotherapy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19
Gera1d P. Bodey
Psychologie Adaptation of Patients During Treatment of
Acute Leukemia in Life Is1and Isolator 27
Les1ie Fine, Morton Wachspress, David N. Graubert,
John Edmonson, and Howard Eisman
Fever and Infection in Patients Treated with Intensive
Antineop1astic Chemotherapy in an Isolator 35
John H. Edmonson, Wi1frido M. Sy, Stephen J.
Millian, and Stan1ey L. Lee
Gnotobiotic Man • • • 45
Rona1d D. Barnes
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
Penicillin Prophy1axis of Post-Operative C1ostridia1
Gangrene in Monocontaminated Guinea Pigs 63
Bruce P. Phi11ips
Intestinal Monocontamination in the Neonata1 Pig:
Microbio1ogica1 and Microscopic Studies 65
T. E. Sta1ey, E. W. Jones, and L. D. Cor1ey
~i
viii CONTENTS
The Peribronchial Lymphocytic Tissue in Germfree,
Defined-Flora, Conventional and Chronic
Murine Pneumonia-Affected Rats • • 75
W. E. Giddens, Jr. and C. K. Whitehair
Bacterial Burden and Wound Repair in Conventional and
Germfree Rats •••••••••• 85
David T. Rovee, Carole A. Kurowsky, and
Patricia A. Flanagan
Effect of Type of Diet on Cholesterol Absorption and
Bile Salt Excretion in Germfree and
Conventional Chicks • • • • • • • • • 97
H. Eyssen, G. Van Messom, and J. Van den Bosch
Infectivity of Avian Reoviruses for Day-Old Chicks
Under Germ-free and Isolation Conditions 107
D. R. Deshmukh and B. S. Pomeroy
Erythropoietic Response of Germfree Mice to
Erythropoietin • • • • • • • • • • 111
Edwin A. Mirand, Albert S. Gordon, and
Gerald P. Murphy
LEUKEMIA IN GERMFREE RESEARCH
Viral Status of Germfree Rodents; Present and Future 117
Masahiro Kajima
Leukemia in Germfree AKR Mice • • • • • 125
H. Ira Pilgrim, Richard C. Parks, and
Lloyd W. Law
Reticular Neoplasms in Irradiated and Unirradiated
Germfree Mice • • • • • • • • • • 135
H. E. Walburg, Jr. and G. E. Cosgrove
CARCINOGENESIS
Comparison Between the Effects of a Single Dose Of_8
Chemical Carcinogen on Gnotobiotic and
Conventional Mice • • • • • • • • • • o • • 0 143
G. A. Grant and F. J. C. Roe
Rous Sarcoma Virus in Germfree Rats • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • 149
Morris Pollard, Masahiro Kajima, and
Theodore P. Zacharia
CONTENTS
ix
7,12-Dimethy1benz(~) Anthracene-Induced Ma1ignant
Lymphoma in Germfree Mice • • • • • • • 153
Masahiro Kajima
Gnotobiotes as Usefu1 Too1s in Studies in Carcino-
genesis with Cycasin, A Natural G1ucoside 163
Gert L. Laqueur
PHYSIOLOGY OF CECUM
Bidirectiona1 Permeation of Water and Amino Acids
in the Cecum of Germfree Rats • • 169
Etiennette Combe and Helmut A. Gordon
Recent Progress 'in Studies on a Bioactive Pigment
("Alpha Pigment") Iso1ated from Ceca1
Contents of Germfree Rodents ••••• 171
Helmut A. Gordon, Eszter Kokas, and
Ju1ius Magyary-Kossa
Kinin-Forming Activity in Ceca1 Contents of Germ-
Free and Conventiona1 Mice • • • • 173
N. Back, R. Steger, and E. A. Mirand
Effects of Clostridium Diffici1e, Lactobaci11us
~, Bacillus Subtilis and Lactobacillus
sp. as Mono- and Dicontaminants on the
Cecum of Germfree Mice •••• • • • • • • 179
Lasz16 Pesti, Eszter Kokas, and Helmut A. Gordon
Simi1arities Between Germfree Mice and Mice with an
Antibiotic Decontaminated Digestive Tract 181
D. van der Waaij
The Effect of Intestinal Flora on Toxicity of
Nitrogen Mustard •••••• 191
Judith A. O'Ma11ey, Joyce Jividen,
Edwin A. Mirand, and James F. Holland
DISEASE RESISTANCE OF GERMFREE ANIMALS
Effects of the Normal Flora on Host Defenses Against
Microbia1 Invasion 197
Gera1d D. Abrams
Ageing and Resistance to Infection in Germfree
C3Hf Mice • • • • • • • • • • • • • 207
Henry C. Outzen
x CONTENTS
Studies of the Effects of Immune Serum on the Course
of ~ Coli Infections in Gnotobiotic Pigs 219
E. M. Koh1er
Differentiation of Potentia11y Immunocompetent Ce11s
in the Mouse • • • • • • • • • 227
G. Cudkowicz and G. M. Shearer
A Comparative Study of the Immune Reaction in Germfree
and Conventiona1 Mice • • • • • • • • • 237
M. G. Hanna, Jr., P. Nettesheim, and
H. E. Walburg, Jr.
Deve10pment of Immunologie Competence in Germfree and
Conventiona1 Mice • • • • • • • • • • • • • 249
M. J. Bosma
IMMUNOLOGY
The True PrimaryImmune Response in Germfree
Co1ostrum-Deprived Pig1ets 259
Yoon Berm Kim and Dennis W. Watson
Hemo1ytic P1aque-Forming Ce11s and Antigen-Sensitive
Units in Spleens of Germfree and
Conventiona1 Mice • • • 269
G. M. Shearer, G. Cudkowicz, and H. E. Walburg, Jr.
Severity of the Parent to F1 Graft-Versus-Host
Reaction in Irradiated Germfree Mice 277
H. E. Walburg, Jr. and G. E. Cosgrove
Diet and Immune Mechanisms • o 0 0 • • 0 • 0 • 287
B. S. Wostmann, J. R. P1easants, and
Patricia Bealmear
NUTRITION
The Response of Germfree Rats to Dietary Cho1estero1 293
Themas Ke110gg and Bernard Wostmann
The Absorption of Fat by Germfree and Conventionalized
Ra ts 0 0 0 • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 297
Mario Reina-Guerra, B. Tennant, D. Harro1d, and
M. Goldman