Genocide: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

296 Pages·2010·0.98 MB·English

by  Howard Ball

GENOCIDE
Selected Titles in ABC-CLIO’s
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Series
American Families in Crisis, Jeffrey S. Turner
Animal Rights, Clifford J. Sherry
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Raphael Bernier and Jennifer Gerdts
Climate Change, David L. Downie, Kate Brash, and Catherine
Vaughan
DNA Technology, David E. Newton
Domestic Violence, Margi Laird McCue
Education in Crisis, Judith A. Gouwens
Environmental Justice, David E. Newton
Gangs, Karen L. Kinnear
Gay and Lesbian Rights, David E. Newton
Global Refugee Crisis, Mark Gibney
Globalization, Justin Ervin and Zachary A. Smith
Identity Theft, Sandra K. Hoffman and Tracy G. McGinley
Lobbying in America, Ronald J. Hrebenar and Bryson B. Morgan
Modern Piracy, David F. Marley
Modern Sports Ethics, Angela Lumpkin
Obesity, Judith Stern and Alexandra Kazaks
Same-Sex Marriage, David E. Newton
Sentencing, Dean John Champion
Sexual Crime, Caryn E. Neumann
Sexual Health, David E. Newton
Substance Abuse, David E. Newton
U.S. Border Security, Judith A. Warner
U.S. National Security, Cynthia A. Watson
U.S. Trade Issues, Alfred E. Eckes Jr.
Waste Management, Jacqueline Vaughn
For a complete list of titles in this series, please visit
www.abc-clio.com.
Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital
issues in today ’ s society, such as genetic engineering, pollution,
and biodiversity. Written by professional writers, scholars, and
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point for research by high school and college students, scholars,
and general readers as well as by legislators, businesspeople,
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Each book, carefully organized and easy to use, contains an
overview of the subject, a detailed chronology, biographical
sketches, facts and data and/or documents and other primary-
source material, a directory of organizations and agencies,
annotated lists of print and nonprint resources, and an index.
Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will
fi nd the information they need to have a better understanding
of the social, political, environmental, and economic issues
facing the world today.

GENOCIDE
A Reference Handbook
Howard Ball
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Copyright 2011 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior
permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ball, Howard, 1937–
Genocide : a reference handbook / Howard Ball.
p. cm.—(Contemporary world issues)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-59884-488-7 (hbk. : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-
59884-489-4 (ebook) 1. Genocide. 2. Genocide—History.
3. Crimes against humanity. 4. International offenses. I. Title.
HV6322.7.B35 2011
364.15’1—dc22 2010035195
ISBN: 978-1-59884-488-7
EISBN: 978-1-59884-489-4
15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
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ABC-CLIO, LLC
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Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
To my grandchildren Lila and Nathan Bernhardt
and Sophie Ball-Dolan

Contents
Preface , xv
1 Background and History , 1
A Brief History of the Events of the
20th Century That Led to the Concept
of Genocide, 5
The Sovereign Nation-State and Genocide, 5
Treaties and Conventions to Restrain Military
Actions during Wars, 6
The Defi nition of Genocide, 1933–1948, 8
Early 20th-Century “Genocides,” 16
International Military Tribunals in Germany
and Japan, 1945–1948, 19
Key Issues Associated with Genocide, 20
Why Do People Kill Other People?, 21
Perpetrators, Victims, and Bystanders, 24
The Stages Leading to Genocide, 26
References, 29
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions , 31
Fifty Years of Nonuse of the 1948 Genocide
Convention, 1948–1998, 32
Critics of the Genocide Convention, 33
No Enforcement Mechanism to Intervene
to Stop Genocide or Apprehend Genocidists, 36
Lack of Political and Diplomatic Will by
the UN and Major Western Powers, 38
Possible Solutions to the Weaknesses Associated with
Enforcement of the 1948 Genocide Convention, 40
Amnesty, 42
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, 44
ix