Table Of ContentGEM-TN-S3-262
SSCL-SR-1219
BNL-60020
Technical Design
Report
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April 30, 1993
DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMEN r IS UNLIMITED
GEM-TN-93-262
SSCL-SR-1219
GEM
BarryBarish WilliamWillis
DivisionofPhysics,Mathematics NevisLaboratory
andAstronomy ColumbiaUniversity
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology _,- Irvington-on-Hudson
Pasedena,California 91125 <':
_" New York10533
iiiiiii
*OperatedbytheUniversitiesResearchAssociation,Inc.fortheU.S. DepartmentofEnergy underContract
No. DE-AC35-89ER40486.
DE-AC02-76CHO0016
This research is supported DbIyS'TRthIeBUUT.IOS.N DOepFt.THIoSf DEOneCrgUyMENunTder1$CUoNntLrIaMcItTED 1_ /
This version includes corrections through 15June 1993.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank the many people at the SSC Laboratory who dedicated themselves to the successful
completion of the GEM TDR. Very special thanks go to those staff members who led the production with
incomparable professionalism, skill, and stamina.
To Andy Alcorn, Elbert Banzon, Kathy Barker, Dianne Compton, Tom Coyne, Holly Durden,
Ed Engebretsen, Linda Fowler, Rebecca Harder, Mary Ann Hill, Bill Kendall, Dee Dee Kennedy, Bryan
Lakey, Sylvia Lee, Maxine McCormick, Wanda Rice, Cindy Thomas, Karen Voors, and Sue Weaver: the
Collaboration is grateful for your invaluable contributions inproducing our TDR, and for your gracious and
imperturbable demeanor in the face of physicists' most "creative" demands.
GEM COLLABORATORS LIST
Adelphi University: W.C. Lefmann, R.V.Steiner
Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Alban,ian Academy of Sciences, Albania: B. Cico, A. Dodbibaj,
N. Dotal, P.Fuga, L. Karcanaj,A. Kasneci, M. Kedhi, S. Koji, A. Minxhozi. B. Nevruzaj, D. Rexha,
P.Skendo, J.Thereska, F. Ylli, S. Zaganjori,D. Zeneli, J.Zoto
Polytechnical Institute of Tirana, Albania: B. Taullahu
University of Arizona: G.E. Forden, K.A. Johns, P.Loch, L. Shaver, J.Steinberg, J. E Rutherfoord,
M.A. Shupe, C. Zeitnitz
Beijing Glass Research Institute (BGRI), Beijing, China: G. Chen, Z.Z.Dai, X.Y. Dong, Y.C.Gao,
T.Z.Li, G.T. Liu, Z.Q.Liu, S.Q. Man, S.X. Ren, Z.L. Su, Y.T.Wang, O. Wen, H.Xiao, H.Z. Yang,
EC. Zhang, EY. Zhang, J.Q. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y.N. Zheng
Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China: Y.B. Chen, X.Z. Cui, W.X. Gu, Y.F.Gu,
Y.N. Guo, Y.Y.Guo, T.Hu, Y.Z.Huang, C.H.Jiang, Y.Y.Jiang, Y.F.Lai, J.Li, Z.G. Li, J.E Lin, Z.A. Liu,
C.S. Mao, Z.P.Mao, Q. Ouyang, H.Y.Sheng, M. Wang,Y.Y.Wang, D.M. Xi, J.W.Xi, Y.G.Xie, R.S. Xu,
Y.L.Xu, C.S. Yu,B.Y. Zhang, C.C.Zhang, C.D. Zhang, D.H. Zhang, J.Q. Zhang, Q.J. Zhang, Y.Zhang,
D.X. Zhao, J.W.Zhao, Z.M.Zhu, B.A. Zhuang
Byelorussian Research and Production Association of Powder Metallurgy, Minsk, Belarus: S.Barai,
N. Naumovich, O. Roman, V.Shelekhina, A. Shevchionok, R. Stefanovich
Institute of Heat and Mass Exchange ofAcademy of Science of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus:
V.Kolpaschikov
National Scientific and Educational Center of Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
M. Baturitsky, S. Degtjarev, O. Dvomikov I,I.Emeljanchik, A. Kurilin,A. Litomin, V.Mikhailov,
V.Shuljak, N, Shumeiko, A. Solin, A. Soroko, V.Stepanets2
Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Probler_s, Belarussia State University, Minsk, Belarus:
V,Baryshevsky, A. Fjodorov, M. Korzhik, A. Lobko
Bhabha Atomic Research Center, India: G. Govindarrdan,S.S. Kapoor, G.P. Srivastava
Bochvar Institute for Inorganic Materials, Moscow, Russia: V.YaFilkin, A.D. Nikulin, E.I. Plashkin,
G.K. Zelensky
Boston University: S.P.Ahlen, E. Booth, R. Carey,S. Dye, M. Golden13,E.Hazen, D. Higby, "1"J.ohnson,
K.D. Lane,A. Matin, J.P.Miller, D. Osborne, B.L. Roberts,J.T.Shank, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, G. Varner,
D. Warner,J.S. Whitaker, W.A. Worstell, B. Zhou
Brookhaven National Laboratory: M.S. Atiya, S. BeUavia, I.-H. Chiang, M. Citterio, B. Gibbard,
H.A. Gordon, J.S. Haggerty, S. Kahn,H.W. Kraner,D. Lissauer,L.S. Littenberg, H.Ma, D. Makowiecki,
S. McCorlde, M.J.Murtagh, P.O'Connor, V.A. Polychronakos, S. Protopopescu, V.Radeka, D.C. Rahm,
S. Rescia, L.Rogers, N.P.Samios, J.Sondericker, D. Stephani, I.Stumer, H.Takai,M.J. Tannenbaum,
S.P.Yamin, B.Yu
Brown University: M. Widgoff
Bucharest University, Romania: C.Besliu
California Institute of Technology: B.C. Barish, D. Burke,G.Gratta, D. Kirkby, G.Liu, W. Lu,
D.A. Ma, R.Mount, S. Mrenna, H. B. Newman, S. Shevchenko, 3 X. Shi, H. Yamamoto, R.Y. Zhu
University of California, San Diego: J. G.Branson, W. Brower, H.E.G. Kobrak, R.Masek, H.P.Paar,
M. Sivertz, B. Swanson
Carnegie Mellon University: R.M. Edelstein, A. Engler, T.Ferguson, R.W. Kraemer,D.M. Potter,
M. Procario, J.R. Russ, R.B. Sutton, H. Vogel
Changwon National University, Korea: C.H. Hahn
Charles University, Czech Republic: I. Wilhelm
University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), I_,efei, China: Z.H. Bian, M.F. Cai,Y.M. Fang,
L.Y. Hao, R.D. Han, X.S. Lin, _.A. Liu, W.Mei, Q.C, Shi, H.M. Wang,Z.M. Wang, S.L.Wu, S.L. Xing,
J.H.Xu, K.Z. Xu, X.L. Xu, B.X. Yang, B.J. Ye,X.Q. Yu, J.Zhang. Y.Z. Zhou
Chonnam National University, Korea: H.I. Jang,J.Y. Kim, I.T.Lira
Choongnam National University, Korea: H.Y. Lee
Chosun University, Korea: B.N. Park
CINVESTAV, Mexico: G. Herrera Corral, H. Castilla Valdez
Columbia University: E. Aprile, Y.Au, A. Bolotnikov, T.Bolton, A. Caldwell, D. Chen, H. Cunitz,
J.Dodd, A. Gala, Y.Ho, W.Lee, M. Leltchouk, E. Mannel, M. Moulsen, R.Mukherjee, J.Parsons, P.C.
Rowson, M. Shaevitz, M. Seman, W.Sippach, E. Stem, W.Willis, L.Zhang
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Czech Republic: M. Polak
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic: A. Kugler, R. Mach
Institute of Phy._ics,Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic: E Chraska, J.Hladky
Czech Technical University, Czech Republic: V.Bouda, V.Haulena, J. John, P.Kocourek, L.Musilek,
J. Navratil, L.Pina, S.Pospisil, J.Tolar,V.Sochor, B.Sopko, J.Stecha, J.J.Venkrbec,
University of Delhi, South Campus, lnd/a" V. S.Bhasin, R.Gang, S.K. Jha,VoKapoor, N. Parashar,
ILK. Shivpuri, S. Soni, K.N. Tripathi
Dongsin University, Korea: M.Y. Pac
Draper _oratories: H.Baker, P.Sebelius, E.C. Berk, M.J.Furey,R.E. Gustavson, M. Hansberry,T.P.
Hinds, T.W.Lee, F.E.Nimblett, J.A. Paradiso, E.M. Womble
Drexel University: C, Lane
Fairf_ld University: D. Winn
Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico: A. Gonzales, A. Morelos, G.Moreno, L.VJUasenor
Gunsan National University, Korea: J.Y. Ryu
Gyeongsang National University, Korea: S.K. Choi, K.S. Chung, I.G. Park,J.S. Song
Harvard University: E.Carlson, M. Golden, E.H. Simmons
University of Houston: If,.Lau, B.W. Mayes, L. Pinsky, J.Pyrlik, R. Weinstein
Indiana University: E.D. Alyea, C. Bower, M. Gephart, P.M. Heinz, S.Mufson, J.Musser, S. Nutter,
J.Pitts
University of Iowa: N. Akchurin, A. Bravar,D. Kadrmas, J.Langland, E.R. McCliment, Y.Meurice,
C. Newsom, F. Glchowski, Y. Onel, M. Reno, V.Rodgers
Jackson State University: E Lott, H. Zhang
KAIST, Korea: J. K. Kim
Kangnung National University, Korea: K.S. Kang, D.W. Kim
Kangwon National University, Korea: S.IC Nam
University Karlovy, Czech Republic: V.Malat
High Energy Physics Institute of Kazakh Academy of Sciences (HEPI), Kazakhstan :E. Boos,
E. Khusainov, A. Kushulun, I. Kouchin, N. Nurgozhin, N. Pokrovsky, A. Temiraliev, B. Zhautykov
Korea University, Korea: J.S. Kang, C.O. IOta,S.K. Park, K.S. Sire
Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, Moscow, Russia: S.T.Belyaev, Yu.Dubovik, S.L. Fokin,
M.S. Ippolitov, A.L. Lebedev, V.I.Manko, N. Martovetslo/, G.M. Mgerbrishvili, E. Monitch,
A.S. Nianine, R.I.Scherbachev, A.A. Vasiliev, M.A. Vasiliev
Kyungpook National University, Korea: D.tL Kim, S.Y. Noh, D. Son
iv
Kyungsung University, Korea: Y.M. Park
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: E.Ables, O. Alford, EC. Belsel, J.Berkey, R.M. Bionta,
J.M. Bowers, D. Bupp, A.K. Chargin, O. Clamp, J.Clements, G.A. Deis, O.D. Fackler, D. Garner,
E Holdener,J. Horvath, W.Hsu, C.V.Johnson III,J.R. Heim, M. Haro,N. Lau,D.M. Makowiecki,
R. Martin,G.J. Mauger, K. Miller,T. Moore, D. Ng, G. Oberst, H.Olson, L. Pedrotti, R. Pico. S.Pratuch,
K.M. Skulina, J.Swan, K.A. Van Bibber, R.Warren,T.J.Wenaus, C. Williams, J.Williams,
V.WiUiamson, S.Wineman, W.Wong, D. Wright,C.R. Wuest, R.Yamamoto, T.Yokota
Los Alamos National _oratory: R. Barber,J.G. Boissenvain, M.L. Brooks, M. Cafferty, B.J. Cooke,
K.R. Fuller,S.E Hahn, J.E. Hincldey, C.S. Johnson, J.S. Kapustinsky, W.W.Kinnison, D.M. Lee,
R.A. Martin, G.B. Mills, D.I. Montoya, R.E, Prael,G.H. Sanders, W.E. Sondheim, B.G. Smith,
R.L. Smith, R. Stevens, T.C.Thompson, J.R.VanAnne, L.S. Waters, B. Weinstein
Louisiana State University: R.Imlay, H.-J.Kim, C. Lyndon, R. McNeil, W.Metcalf
Martin Marietta Astronautics: T.Adams, K.Barnstable, J.Coulon, N,J. DiGiacomo, B. Easom,
R. Humphreys, L.Mason, G. Velasquez
Martin Marietta Y-12 Oak Ridge Laboratory: J. Bohanan, B. Bowden, V.Galyon, J. Gertsen, J. Heck,
N. Howell, J.King. S. Robinson, J. Rollins
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: P.Burrows, W.Busza, R.T.Camille Jr.,Y.H.Chang,
M. Chaniotalds, G.H. East, J.Feng, J.I. Friedman, E.D. Hafen, P.Haridas,J. Kelsey,
H. Kendall, A. Kory_ov,4P.Marston, J.V.Minervini, D.B. Montgomery, R.L. Myatt, L.S. Osborne,
Z.Piek, I.R.D. Pillsbury, J. Pisera, A. Pless, S.Pourahimi, L.Rosenson, B. Smith, P.Sphicas,
J.D. Sullivan, K. Sumorok, F.E. Taylor, R. Verdier,R. Vieira,B. Wadsworth, E. Wyslovch
Memphis State University: D.W. Jones, D.R. Franceschetti, S. Jahan
Michigan State University: M. Abolins, R. Brock, C. Bromberg, J.Huston, J.Linnemann, R. Miller,
B. Pope, H. Weerts
University of Michigan: S. Nutter,S. McKee, G. Tarle
University of Mississippi: K.Bhatt, L.N. Bolen, M.L. Booke, L.M.Cremaldi, K.Hendrix, B. Moore,
J,J. Reidy, E.Tarkovsky,3J.R. Weinst_in
Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia: A. Chikanian, A. Shmeleva, V,Tikhomirov
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Russia: A. Medvedev, M. Potekhin, V. Staroseltsev,
A. Sumarokov, V.Tcherniatin, A. Vanyashin, $. Voloshin
Moscow State University, Russia: A.A. Axodz_ro, G.L. Bashindzhagyan, P.E Ermolov, Yu.V.Fisyak,
D. Katmanov, V.Kramarenko,E. Kuznetsov, A.N. Larichev, A. Leflat, M.M. Merkin, E.K. Shabalina,
N.B. Sinev, N.A. Sotnikova, A.G. Voronin,V.Yu.Zhukov, S.A. Zotk.in
Institute for Nuclear Research Moscow, Russia: V.N.Bolotov, O.Goncharcnko, A. Proskuryakov,
B. Semenov, V.Suchov, V.Urazmetov
Nanjing University, China" T.Y, Chert, D.T. Gao, G.X. Gao, M. Qi, D.X. Xi, N.G. Yao, Z.W. Zhang
State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany: M.S. Aiam, I.J. Kim, Z.C. Ling, B. Nemati, J. O'Neill,
H. Severini, C.R. Sun
National Teacher's University, Korea: S.N. Kim
State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook: R. Engelmann, C.K. Jung,M.D. Marx,
R.L. McCarthy, M.M. Mohammadi, M. Rijsenbcek, A.H. Sanjari, C. Yanagisawa
Institute for Assembling Technology, NIKIMT, Moscow, Russia: I.A. Bachelis, O.K. Drujilovsky,
A.A. Kurkumeli
Northwestern University: D. Buchholz, B. Gobbi
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia: V,Aulchenko, S. Klimenko, G. Kolachev,
M. I._ltchouk,s L. l._ontiev, V.Malishev, A. Maslennikov, A. Onuchin, V.Panin, S. Peleganchuk,
S. Pivovarov, V. Sidorov, V.Tayursky,Yu.Ttkhonov
Oak Ridge National Laboratory: M.L. Bauer, H.R. Brashear, C.L. Britton, Jr.,S. Chae, L.G. Clonts,
H.O. Cohn, C.Eberle, Yu.A. Kamyshkov, E.F.Kennedy, F.Plasil, K.F. Read, M.J. Rennich,
M.L. Simpson, R. A. Todd, A.L. Wintenberg, C.C. Wynn, K.G. Young
University of Oregon: A. Arodzero, J.E. Brau, R.E. Frey, K.Furuno, D. Gao, R. Kollipara, N. Sinev,
D.M. Strom, X. Yang
Panjab University, India: S.B. Beri, V.Bhatnagar, S. Chopra, J.M. Kohli, J.B. Singh, P.M. Sood
Peking University, Be(l'ing, China: C.X. Lai, H.T. Liu, S.J.Xia, Y.L. Ye
University of Pittsburgh: W.E. Cleland, M. Clemen, E.Engels Jr.,J.Rabel, P.Shepard, V.J.Sonnadara
Princeton University: P.P.Denes, M.M. Ito,D.R. Marlow, E.J. Prebys, R.L. Wixted
Central Institute for Structural Materials, "Prometei'" St. Petersburg, Russia: V.V.Chizhikov,
V.I. Kondakov
University of Rochester: J.Dunlea, G.Fanouralds, 1".Ferbel, G. Ginther,C. Lirakis, E Lobkowicz,
P.Siattery, M. Zielinski
Institute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest, Romania: A. Aculai, C. Blaj, H. Bozdoc, L. Butacu,
M. Ciobanu, A. Dorobantu, D. Ighicianu, G. Pascovici, V.Popa, G. Radulescu, D. Spanu, C. Stan-Sion,
V. Valeanu, K.Zimmer
Rutgers University: P.Jacques, M. Kalelkar,R,J. Piano, P.Stamer
Institute of High Energy Physics, Serpukhov, Russia: N.N. Fedyakin, R.N. Krasnokutsky, R.S.
ShuvalovV,.V.Sushkov
InstitutoefTheoreticaalndExperimentaPlhysicsM,oscow,Russia:V.BalaguraS,.Bojarinov,
S.Burov,V.Chudakov,M.DanilovA,.DroutskoiY,u.Efremenko,V.GavrilovY,u.Gershtein,
A.Golutvin,A.Gordeev,Yu.Kamyshkov,I.Korolko,S.KuleshovL,.LaptinV,.Morgunov,P.Murat,
A.NikitinD,.OnoprienkoA,.OstapchukV,.Popov,F.RatnikovV,.Rusinov,A.Savin,S.Shevchenko,
V.ShibaevK,.Shmakov,A.Smirnov,V.StolinE,.TarkovskyI,.TflchomiroVv.,TchistiliAn.,Zhokin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia: A.V. Bannikov, L.S. Barabash, S.A. Baranov,
D,A. Belosludtsev, Yu.E. Bonyushkin, V.N. Bychkov, A.S. Chvyrov, A.P.Dergunov, Yu.V.Ershov,
V.N. Frolov, I. A. Golutvin, N.V. Gorbunov, Yu.A. Gornushkin, A.B. Ivanov, V.D. Kalagin, A.G. Karev,
V.Yu.Karzhavin, M.Yu. Kazarinov,S.V. Khabarov,V.S. Khabarov,B.A. Khomenko, N.N. Khovansky,
Yu.T. Kiryushin, O.N. Klimov, V.D. Kondrashov, A.V. Korytov,V.M. Kotov, Z.V. Krumshtein,
P.A. Kulinich, V.N. Lysiakov, A.L. Lyubin, A.V. Makhankov, V.L.Malyshev, I.M. Melnichenko,
Y.P.Merekov, S.A. Movchan, A.A. Nozdrin, A.G. Olshevsky, V.V.Perelygin, V.D. Peshekhonov,
Yu.P. Petukhov, D. Pose, 1".Predo,V.P.Rashevsky, Yu.V.Sedykh, S.Yu. Selyunin, S.V. Sergeev,
L.M. Smimov, D. A. Smolin, L.G. Tkachev, V.V.Tokmenin, L.S. Vertogradov, Y.B. Viktorov,
A.V. Vishnevsky, V.S. Yamburenko,V.E. Zhiltsov
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador: S. Gangotena, B. Hoeneisen, C. Matin
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil: O.P. Eboli, C.O. Escobar, P.Gouffon, M. Luksys, S.F. Novaes
Seongkyunkwan University, Korea: Y.I. Choi
Seoul National Teacher's College, Korea: D.G. Ku, E.H. Lee
Seoul National University, Korea: S. K. Kim, J.W.Kim, S.S. Mytmg
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (SIC), Shanghai, China: X.L. Fang, P.X.Gu, J.K. Guo, G.Q. Hu,
S.K. Hua, Pj. Li, D.Z. Shen, E.W. Shi, W.T. Su, Z.Y. Wei, Y.Y.Xie, L.Xu, Z.L. Xue, D.S. Yah,
Z.W. Yin, X.L. Yuan, G.M. Zhao, Y.L. Zhao, W.Z. Zhong, R.M. Zhou
Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR), Shanghai, China: X.P.Li, EH. Yu,W.H. Zheng
Sookmyeong Women's University, Korea: J.N. Park
University of South Carolina: C. Rosenfeld, J.R. Wilson
Southern Methodist University: F.Olness, T.Skwamicki, R. Stroynowski, V.Teplitz
vi
St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia: V.M. Andreev, V. Astashin, N. Bondar, A. Denisov,
A. Golyash, V.Gratchev, M. Guriev, O.Fedin, N. Isaev, M. Ishmukhametov, V.Ivochkin, S. Kalentarova.
O. Kiselev, A. Krivshich, L. Lapina,P.Levtchenko, V.Maleev, M. Nesvizhevskaya, S.Patrichev,
Yu.Platonov, O.Prokofiev, V.Razmislovich, N. Sagidova, V.M. Samsonov, V.Sarantsev, A. Schetkovski,
D. Seliverstov, A. Sergeev, V.Sknar,V.Scorobogatov, A. Smirr.ov, E. Spiridenkov, V.Suvorov, I.Tkatch,
G. Velichko, S.Volkov, Yu.Volkov, A. Vorobyov, Yu.Zhelamkov
Superconducting Super Collider _oratory: N. Baggett, Y.Bonyus"hkin4,M. Bowden, G.R. Chapman.
Z.Chen, L.R. Cormell, D. Crosetto, N. Danesh, G. Deis,6P.Dingus, M. Diwan, H.Fenker, Y.Fisyak,7
K. Freeman, M. Gamble, V.Glebov, N. Gober, M. Harris,J.Hilgart, C. Johnson,6V.Kapoor, N. Lau,6
N. Martovetsky, 8M. Marx? A.W. Maschke, W.K. McFarlane, R. Meinke, C. Milner, G. Mitselmakher,
N. Mokhov, A. Morelos 12,K. Morgan, E Paige, B. Parker, P.Reardon, L. Parlier, L.A. Roberts, E. Sabin,
G.H. Sanders, 11B. Scipioni, I. Sheer, R. Shypit, R. Soundranayagam, E Stocker, K. Swarts, J. Thomas,
H. Uijterwaal, A. Vanyashin, 10W.Wisniewski, J. Womersley, R.Woolley, G. Word, J.C. Wu, G.P. Yost,
E. Zimmcr-Nixdorf
Syracuse University: G.C. Fox, W. Furmanski, T.Haupt
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan: J.Antos, H.-Y.Chao, Y.C.Chen, M.T.Cheng,
C.N. Chiou, T.L.Chu, C.L. Ho, M. Huang, S.C. Lee, A. Sumarokov, P.K.Teng, M.J.Wang,P.Yeh
Tbilisi State University, Georgia: J. Bagaturia, V,Djordjadze, M. Khaindrava, G.V.Melitauri,
D. Mzavia, T.Sakhelashvili, R.G.Shanidze, A. Tavkhelidze, Z.Tsamalaidze
TelAviv University, Israel: G. Bella, O. Benary, R. Heifetz, Y,Oren
University of Tennessee: S.Berridge, W.M. Bugg, Y.C.Du, R. Kroeger, A. Weidemann
Texas A&M: C. Gagliardi, G.Glass, Y.Lu, R.Tribble, R.C, Webb
University of Texas, Austin: C.C. Allen, G.W.Hoffmann, K.Lang, M.R. Marein, J.L. Ritchie
University of T'wana,Albania: L.Aliko, P.Berzhani, A. Borici, E.Cabej, O.Ciftja, EdliraCiu,A. Dede,
M. Dede, B. Duka, A. Fuga, A. Gashi, D. Gjiknodi, Z.Gionai, B. Guda,E. Hysengegasi, M. Ifiti,
K.Islami, E Klosi, M. Kugo, V.Laska, G.Leka, R.Maksim, R. Mejdani, I.Mele, Z.Mulaj, N. Nosi,
M. Panariti, K.Pance, I.Prifti, R. Sharko, M. Spiro, H.Sykja, N. Thomo, M. Teska, E Vila, D. Xhuglini,
I.Xhunga, E.Xhuvani
Tong]i University, Shanghai, China: L,Y. Chen, J.Du, M. Gu, J.Wang,L.M. Wang, X. Wu,K.H. Xiang
INFN, Trieste, Italy: A. Bravar, R. Giacomich, A. Penzo, P.Schiavon, A. Vacchi
Tsinghua University, Be_iing, China: M. Cao, H.Y.Chen, Z.M. Chert,J.K.Deng, W.H. Gao, K.J. Kang,
Y.E Kuang,D.C. Li, Y.X.Li, L.S. Liu, Y.Q.Liu,W.Z. Luo, D.H. Nan, W.D. Ni, Y.G. Qian, J.L. Ren,
R.C. Shang, K. Shen, B.X. Shi, K.R. Shi, J.Wang,JJ. Wang, J.M.Wang, Q. Wang, Y.M. Wang,
K.L. Wen, S.D. Xu, Y.P.Yi, G.Z. Yu,Y.Zhao, H.Y.Zhou, S.J.Zhu
Vanderbilt University: G.Bashindzhagyan, 7R,S. Panvini, T.W.Reeves, S. Rousakov, J.P.Venuti
Variable Energy Cyclotron Center, lnd/a: R. Bhandari, B. Simha
Vassar College: C. Schwartz
University of Washington: T. Bumett, V.Cook, D. Forbush,J.Franklin, P.M. Moekett, J. Rothberg,
E Toevs, S.Wasserbach
University of Wisconsin: J. Pfotenhauer
Wonkwang University, Korea: S.Y. Bahk
Yale University: R.K. Adair, C. Baltay, B. Barakat,R. Ben-David, W.Emmet, H. Kasha, S.L. Manly,
D. Pilon, S. Sen, J. Sirmott, E.Wolin
York College: S, R. Borenstein
vii
Note: Collaboration Council Representatives areindicated inbold face type.
1. Research andProduction Association "Diamant"
2. Research andProduction Association "Integral"
3. Also in ITEP, Moscow.
4. Also in JINR, Dubna.
5. Also in Columbia University.
6. Also in LLNL.
7. Also in Moscow State University.
8. Also in Kurchatov Institute, Moscow
9. Also in SUNY atStony Brook
I0. Also in Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
1I. Also inLANL
12. Also in Uliversidad de Guanajuato, Mexico
13. Also in Harvard University.
vl°u°.
