Table Of ContentGated Communities ISBN: 9781844078189 Dimensions: 252x192mm live area; 14mm spine; 18mm bleed
‘An excellent comparative study and much- G
GatEd
needed synthesis.’ a
t
anna minton, writer and journalist,
E
author of Ground Control (2009)
d
‘Wide-ranging in case studies and its COmmUnitiES
C
contributors politics, this important
O
collection reflects on one of the most
critical debates now facing our urbanizing m
world – how will we respond to the growing m
Social Sustainability in
consumption of a fortified lifestyle by the Gated Communities poses new questions U
urban affluent?’ at a time when the conception of gated
n
Rowland atkinson, University of York, UK communities has become fixed and narrow. Contemporary and Historical
i
It is the first book to provide a broad and
t
‘This book is a stimulating addition
comparative historic, socio-political and
i
to a growing body of literature that contemporary cultural perspective of Gated developments
E
investigates the global emergence gated communities. In doing so it offers
S
of gated communities. Its distinctive a different lens through which to view the
contribution is to emphasize historical historical vernacular background of this
Edited by Samer Bagaeen and Ola Uduku
now global phenomenon. The book presents
roots and continuities – in contrast to
a collection of original writing on the issue E
many commentaries on the subject that
by an international and interdisciplinary d
imply a uniformity of product and process.’ it
group of contributors. e
Chris Webster, Cardiff University, UK d
The authors argue that links can be drawn b
‘By focusing on the historical and cross- between the historic gated homesteads y
S
cultural foundations of gated communities, and cities found in much of the world, and
a
this volume adds a global dimension to today’s Western-style secure complexes. m
US-based theorizing of urban gating as a Global examples of gated communities, er
sustainable community design form. The and their historical context, are presented B
throughout the book. The authors also a
authors explore both sides of the gating g
comment on how sustainability issues have a
question and offer alternative readings of e
impacted on these communities. The book
e
the importance of codes, legal governance concludes by considering how the historic n
and community access in contemporary measures up with the contemporary in terms a
n
urban planning.’ of sustainability, function and aesthetic. d
Setha Low, Professor of anthropology, O
Samer Bagaeen is Senior Lecturer and Course l
Geography, Environmental Psychology a
Leader for the MSc in Town Planning at the
U
and Women’s Studies at the Graduate
University of Brighton. d
u
Center of the City University of Ola Uduku is Senior Lecturer at the School of k
new York Architecture at the Edinburgh College of Art. u
Cover photo: Ola Uduku
Back cover photo: Gated complex in Lima, Peru,
August 2009, by Samer Bagaeen
www.earthscan.co.uk
Urban Geography/Cultural Studies
Foreword by Saskia Sassen
Earthscan strives to minimize its impact on the environment
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Gated Communities
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Gated Communities
Social Sustainability in Contemporary
and Historical Gated Developments
Edited by
Samer Bagaeen and Ola Uduku
publishing for a sustainable future
London • Washington, DC
Prelims.qxd 1/8/2010 2:04 PM Page iv
First published in 2010 by Earthscan
Copyright © Samer Bagaeen and Ola Uduku 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as expressly
permitted by law, without the prior, written permission of the publisher.
Earthscan Ltd, Dunstan House, 14a St Cross Street, London EC1N 8XA, UK
Earthscan LLC, 1616 P Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
Earthscan publishes in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development
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ISBN: 978-1-84407-519-5
Typeset by Domex e-Data, India
Cover design by Rogue Four Design, www.roguefour.co.uk
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gated communities : social sustainability in contemporary and historical gated developments / edited by
Samer Bagaeen and Ola Uduku.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84407-519-5 (hardback)
1. Gated communities. 2. Gated communities–History. I. Bagaeen, Samer. II. Uduku, Ola, 1963–
HT169.58.G374 2010
307.77–dc22
2009021298
At Earthscan we strive to minimize our environmental impacts and carbon footprint through reducing waste,
recycling and offsetting our CO emissions, including those created through publication of this book. For more
2
details of our environmental policy, see www.earthscan.co.uk.
This book was printed in the UK by the Cromwell Press Group.
The paper used in FSC certified.
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This book is dedicated to both our families
particularly for
Victor and Olivia Bagaeen
and the late Dr W. C. Uduku
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Acknowledgements x
Foreword: Urban Gating – One Instance of a Larger Development? by Saskia Sassen xi
List of Contributors xiii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xv
1 Gated Histories: An Introduction to Themes and Concepts 1
Samer Bagaeen and Ola Uduku
2 Opening the Gates: An East–West Transmodern Discourse? 9
Ziauddin Sardar
3 Gated Urban Life versus Kinship and Social Solidarity in the Middle East 15
Samer Bagaeen
4 Gating Urban Spaces in China: Inclusion, Exclusion and Government 27
Luigi Tomba
5 Lagos: ‘Urban Gating’ as the Default Condition 39
Ola Uduku
6 Gated Minds, Gated Places: The Impact and Meaning of Hard Boundaries in South Africa 49
Karina Landman
7 Latin American Gated Communities: The Latest Symbol of Historic Social Segregation 63
Sonia Roitman and Mónica Adriana Giglio
8 Gated Communities in Mexico City: A Historical Perspective 79
Diana Sheinbaum
9 Production and Social Sustainability of Private Enclaves in Suburban Landscapes: 93
French and US Long-Term Emergence of Gated Communities and Private Streets
Renaud Le Goix and Delphine Callen
10 Barriers and Boundaries: An Exploration of Gatedness in New Zealand 115
Ann Dupuis and Jennifer Dixon
11 Afterword 131
Ola Uduku and Samer Bagaeen
Index 135
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List of Figures and Tables
Figures
3.1 A complex under construction in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 18
3.2 The Portland Mews gated compound in Kemptown, Brighton, UK 21
3.3 Government housing compound in Riyadh 22
3.4 Emirates Hills in Dubai, United Arab Emirates 23
3.5 The Andalucia gated community, Jordan 24
5.1 Typical gated ‘fortified’ upper middle-class residence in Lagos 41
5.2 Informal gate or closing off part of Crystal Housing Estate, Lagos, Nigeria 42
5.3 Police station at Crystal Housing Estate, Lagos 42
6.1 The ‘apartheid city’ 53
6.2 Entrance to a security estate in Pretoria, South Africa 54
6.3 Entrance to an enclosed neighbourhood in Pretoria 55
7.1 Gated community in Guadalajara, Mexico 66
7.2 Gated community under construction in 2003 in Guadalajara, Mexico 67
7.3 Entrance to a gated community in Santiago de Chile 67
7.4 Fences and barriers at the entrance of a gated community in Malvinas
Argentinas, Province of Buenos Aires 72
7.5 Entrance to San Carlos Country Club in Malvinas Argentinas (MABA) 72
7.6 Club Universitario de Buenos Aires (CUBA) gated community in Malvinas Argentinas (MABA) 73
7.7 Houses in a gated community in Mendoza, Argentina 75
7.8 Entrance to a gated community in Mendoza, Argentina 75
8.1 Plaza Mayor de México, circa1562–1566 81
8.2 Cristobal de Villalpando, Vista de la Plaza Mayor, 1695 82
8.3 New neighbourhoods of the elite, 19th century 84
8.4 The first ‘Garden City’: Lomas de Chapultepec 85
8.5 Jardines del Pedregal 87
8.6 Restricted control entrances and security devices 88
8.7 Bosque Real Country Club 88
9.1 Villas, private streets and gated enclaves in Ile-de-France 97
9.2 Growth of gated communities in the Los Angeles region: Housing units in 162 gated 98
communities and counties compared (2000)
9.3 Rincon Point: Rights of way and public access 103
9.4 Location of private streets and gated enclaves in Bièvres, Ile-de-France 104
9.5 ‘Location, location, location’: Public space and rent-seeking strategies in La Sygrie–Bièvres 105
9.6 Survey results: Private streets residents as local actors (factor analysis) 110
10.1 A typology of gatedness in New Zealand 120–121
Tables
8.1 Demographic growth by urban area 1930–2005 86
9.1 Average profile of responses to Bièvre Valley survey (selected variables) 108
