From Temple to Church: Destruction and Renewal of Local Cultic Topography in Late Antiquity (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World)

393 Pages·2008·3.25 MB·English

by  Johannes Hahn

From Temple to Church
Religions in the
Graeco-Roman World
Editors
H.S. Versnel
D. Frankfurter
J. Hahn
VOLUME 163
From Temple to Church
Destruction and Renewal
of Local Cultic Topography
in Late Antiquity
Edited by
Johannes Hahn, Stephen Emmel
& Ulrich Gotter
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
From temple to church : destruction and renewal of local cultic topography in late
antiquity / edited by Johannes Hahn, Stephen Emmel & Ulrich Gotter.
p. cm. — (Religions in the Graeco-Roman world, ISSN 0927-7633; v. 163)
English and German.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-90-04-13141-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Christianity and other
religions. 2. Temples. 3. Religion—History. 4. Church history—Primitive and early
church, ca. 30–600. I. Hahn, Johannes, 1957– II. Emmel, Stephen. III. Gotter,
Ulrich. IV. Title.
BR127.F76 2008
261.2’2—dc22 2008009740
ISSN 0927-7633
ISBN 978 90 04 13141 5
Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,
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printed in the netherlands
CONTENTS
List of Figures ............................................................................. vii
Abbreviations .............................................................................. ix
Chapter One “From Temple to Church”: Analysing a Late
Antique Phenomenon of Transformation ............................. 1
Stephen Emmel, Ulrich Gotter and Johannes Hahn
Chapter Two Models and Evidence in the Study of Religion
in Late Roman Egypt ............................................................. 23
Roger S. Bagnall
Chapter Three Rechtgläubige—Pagane—Häretiker.
Tempelzerstörungen in der Kirchengeschichtsschreibung
und das Bild der christlichen Kaiser ...................................... 43
Ulrich Gotter
Chapter Four From Temple to Cell, from Gods to Demons:
Pagan Temples in the Monastic Topography of
Fourth-Century Egypt ............................................................ 91
David Brakke
Chapter Five The Christianization of Pagan Temples in the
Greek Hagiographical Texts ................................................... 113
Helen Saradi
Chapter Six Iconoclasm and Christianization in Late
Antique Egypt: Christian Treatments of Space and Image ... 135
David Frankfurter
Chapter Seven Shenoute of Atripe and the Christian
Destruction of Temples in Egypt: Rhetoric and Reality ...... 161
Stephen Emmel
Chapter Eight Die Zerstörung der Kulte von Philae.
Geschichte und Legende am ersten Nilkatarakt .................... 203
Johannes Hahn
vi contents
Chapter Nine The Conversion of the Temple of Aphrodite
at Aphrodisias in Context ....................................................... 243
Angelos Chaniotis
Chapter Ten Continuity and Change in the Cultic
Topography of Late Antique Palestine .................................. 275
Doron Bar
Chapter Eleven Modalitäten der Zerstörung und
Christianisierung pharaonischer Tempelanlagen ................... 299
Peter Grossmann
Chapter Twelve The Conversion of the Cult Statues:
The Destruction of the Serapeum 392 a.d. and
the Transformation of Alexandria into the “Christ-
Loving” City ............................................................................ 335
Johannes Hahn
Index of Ancient Sources
A. Biblical books .................................................................... 367
B. Ancient authors and works ............................................... 367
C. Inscriptions and graffi ti ..................................................... 371
D. Papyri ................................................................................ 372
General Index ............................................................................. 373
LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter Seven
Stephen Emmel
1. Statue of an Egyptian (Ptolemaic) naophoric priest
(London, British Museum EA 65443) ................................. 200
2. Naos of an Egyptian (Ptolemaic) naophoric priest,
containing the god Min (Bonn, BOSAE inv. no. L 885) .... 201
Chapter Eight
Johannes Hahn (Philae)
1. Plan der Insel Philae ............................................................ 241
2. Stephanoskirche im Isistempel von Philae .......................... 242
Chapter Nine
Angelos Chaniotis
1. Aphrodisias, South Agora Gate, north corridor.
Engraved crosses .................................................................. 263
2. Aphrodisias. The temple-church .......................................... 264
3. Aphrodisias, Tetrastoon: Honorary epigram for a man
who saved the city from civil strife ...................................... 265
4. Aphrodisias: Pillar with two inscriptions concerning the
Jewish community at Aphrodisias ........................................ 266
5. Aphrodisias: Inscription naming Jews and proselytes
(early fi fth century?) .............................................................. 267
6. Inscription on a seat in the Bouleuterion naming the Jews
(fi fth/sixth century) ............................................................... 268
7. Representation of menorah and shofar on a column of
the Sebasteion (fourth/fi fth century) ................................... 268
8. Representation of menorah on a column (bottom) of the
South Agora (fi fth/sixth century) ......................................... 269
9. List of theosebeis, including a man with the Christian
name Glegorios (Gregorios) (fourth century) ....................... 270
10. Erased representation of menorah and shofar on a column
of the Sebasteion ................................................................. 271
11. Representation of double axes on the pavement of the
Tetrapylon ............................................................................ 272
viii list of figures
12. Imperial letter on the parodos wall of the theater.
The name of the Aphrodisieis has been erased ................. 273
Chapter Ten
Doron Bar
1a. ‘Ein Tzur, plan of remains in area of spring ...................... 292
1b. ‘Ein Tzur pool during the Byzantine period:
a reconstruction .................................................................... 293
2. Caesarea Maritima: the temple platform in late antiquity 294
3. Scythopolis-Beth Shean, map of the central area,
including (no 14) the round cella temple ............................. 295
4. Caesarea Philippi (Paenias), cave and temple of Pan ......... 296
5. Mamre, Constantine’s Basilica: a reconstruction ................ 297
6. Har Senaim, Hermon, the lower cult enclosure ................. 298
Chapter Eleven
Peter Grossmann
1. Kirche in der sog. Festhalle Thutmosis III. (18. Dyn.)
in Karnak ............................................................................. 327
2. Kirche im Tempel des Mandulis von Kalabša ................... 328
3. Kirche im Vorhof des Tempels von Bīğa ............................ 329
4. Stephanoskirche im Isistempel von Philae .......................... 330
5. Month-Tempel von Petemout (heute Madāmūd) ............... 331
6. Kirche in der Hypostylhalle des Chonstempels von
Karnak .................................................................................. 332
7. Kirche im zweiten Vorhof des Millionenjahrhauses
Ramses’ III. in Kastron Memnonion (Madīnat Hābū) ...... 333
8. Kirche und Klostergebäude im Tempel der Triphis von
Atripe .................................................................................... 334
Chapter Twelve
Johannes Hahn (Serapeum)
1. Alexandrian World Chronicle: Events of a.d. 389–392
(P. Goleniscev, VI verso) ....................................................... 364
2. Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria (385–412), triumphs
over the god Serapis in his shrine (P. Goleniscev, VI verso,
detail) .................................................................................... 365
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations of journal and series titles follow the conventions of
L’année philologique as compiled by P. Rosumek, Index des périodiques dépouil-
lés dans la Collection de Bibliographie classique et dans la Revue des Comptes
Rendus des Ouvrages relatifs à l’antiquité classique (publiée par J. Marouzeau) et
index de leurs sigles (supplement to APh 51), Paris 1982; see also APh 76
(2005), xxi–li. Abbreviations of journal titles are always given in italics
(cursive). Abbreviations not listed by APh (including abbreviations for
reference works) are taken from Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, 3d ed.,
vol. 11, Freiburg etc. 2001, 698*–733*, with the following additions
(which follow, to the extent possible, S.M. Schwertner, Internationales
Abkürzungsverzeichnis für Theologie und Grenzgebiete / International Glossary of
Abbreviations for Theology and Related Subjects, 2d ed., Berlin – New York
1992, and the lists of instrumenta, series, and periodicals in Checklist
of Editions of Greek, Latin, Demotic and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets
[http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/clist_papyri.html; most
recent printed version ed. J.F. Oates et al., 5th ed. (BASP Suppl. 9),
n.p. 2001]):
BSAC Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte. Cairo 1935ff. (until
1937: Bulletin de l’Association des Amis (des Églises et) de l’Art
Coptes).
CEFR Collection de l’École Française de Rome. Rome 1972ff.
CiSt Series Cistercian Studies Series. Kalamazoo etc. 1969ff.
CUFr Collection des universités de France. Paris 1920ff.
FIFAO Fouilles de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale (du
Caire). Cairo 1924ff.
GöMisz Göttinger Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion. Göt-
tingen 1972ff.
JCoptS Journal of Coptic Studies. Leuven 1990ff.
LCL Loeb Classical Library. London etc. 1912ff.
LSJ Liddell, H.G. – Scott, R. – Jones, H.S., A Greek-English
Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford 1940.
MIFAO Mémoires publiés par les membres de l’Institut Français
d’Archéologie Orientale du Caire. Cairo 1902ff.
OLA Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Leuven 1975ff.