Table Of Content2006. The Journal of Arachnology 34:77-86
FOUR NEW CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN
(ARANEAE, THOMISIDAE)
Jue-Xia Zhang and Ming-Sheeg Zhu: College of Life Sciences, Hebei University,
Baodieg 071002, China
I-Min Tsoh Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity, Tunghai University,
Taichung 407, Taiwan; Division of Zoology, National Museum of Natural Science,
@
Taichung 404, Taiwan. E-mail: spider thu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT* Examination ofsome thomisid specimens collected from Taiwan, three species are newly
recorded from this fauna: Misumenopspseudovatius (Schenkel 1936), Phrynarachne ceylonica (O.P.-Cam-
bridge 1884),Xysticus croceus (Fox 1937), In addition, fournew species aredescribed: Lysitelesdigitatus,
L. torsivus, Takachihoa onoi, and Tmarus lanyu.
Keywords: Thomisidae, Lysiteles, Takachihoa, Tmarus, Taiwan
The Thomisidae is a large family compris- Karsch 1881, T. okinawensis Strand 1907,
ing 164 genera and 2,042 species (Platnick Tmarus taiwanus Ono 1977 and Xysticus chui
2005) and is distributed worldwide. This fam- Ono 1992 (Ono 1977, 1980, 1992; Chen 1996;
ily is commonly called the crab spiders forthe Song & Zhu 1997; Platnick 2005). Recently,
body is generally strong, slightly flattened and we examined some thomisid specimens col-
the legs are laterigrade. Members ofthis fam- lected from Taiwan, and found that three spe-
ily are small to large (3“=23 mm) species, cies are new to this fauna: Misumenops pseu-
which build no webs and capture small insects dovatius (Schenkel 1936), Phrynarachne
by lying in wait. They are usually found on ceylonica (O.P.-Cambridge 1884) and Xysticus
trees, shrubs and grasses, especially on flow- croceus Fox 1937. Another four species are
ering plants, as v/ell as in leaflitter and under new to science and described here under the
stones on the ground (Foelix 1996). names of Lysiteles digitatus, L. torsivus, Tak-
Although some thomisid species have been achihoa onoi and Tmarus lanyu.
previously recorded from Taiwan (Ono 1977,
1980, 1992; Chen 1996; Song & Zhu 1997), METHODS
the fauna has not been fully studied. Only 12
Taiwanese species belonging to 10 generahave Type specimens are deposited in the Na-
been previously recorded: Alcimochthes Urn- tional Museum of Natural Science, Taichung,
batus Simon 1885, Diaea subdola O.P.-Cam- Taiwan (NMNS). All measurements given are
bridge 1885, Lysiteles amoenus Ono 1980, L. in mm. Palp measurements are shown as: total
silvanus Ono 1980, Misumenops tricuspidatus length (femur, patella, tibia, tarsus). Leg mea-
(Fabricius 1775), Oxytate striatipes L. Koch surements are shown as: total length (femur,
1878, Runcinia albostriata Bosenberg & patella and tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Abbre-
Strand 1906, Takachihoa truciformis (Bosen- viations used in this study are: AME = ante-
berg & Strand 1906), Thomisus labefactus rior median eye; ALE = anterior lateral eye;
PME — posterior median eye; PLE = poste-
* Corresponding author. rior lateral eye; MOA ~ median ocular area.
77
— — — —
78 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
SYSTEMATICS
Family Thomisidae Sundevall 1833
Key to genera from Taiwan
1. Chelicerae with strong teeth on both margins of fang furrow; body with granulations and
tubercles on dorsum .............................................. Phrynarachne
Chelicerae lacking teeth; body otherwise ....................................... 2
2. Tarsi with claw tufts formed by tenent hairs 3
Tarsi lacking claw tufts or with undeveloped tufts formed by simple hairs ............ 4
3. Eye area wide, almost as wide as cephalothorax; retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp
not much developed; female epigynum with only one guide pocket ......... Alcimochthes
Eye area narrow, only half as wide as cephalothorax; retrolateral tibial apophysis of male
palp much developed; female epigynum with a pair of guide pocket Oxytate
4. Clypeus wide; tubercles of RLE larger than those of ALE ..................... Tmarus
Clypeus narrow; tubercles of RLE smaller than those of ALE 5
5. Body and legs somber-colored, yellowish to blackish brown; leg I only a little longer than
leg IV; inhabiting ground and low herbs ................................... Xysticus
Body and legs bright-colored, white, yellow, green or light brown; leg I much longer than
leg IV; inhabiting plants .................................................... 6
6. Cephalothorax with long thoracic setae; retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp simple
and sclerotized; body and legs relatively somber 7
Thoracic setae usually short or lacking; retrolateral tibial apophysis of male palp much
developed and basally not sclerotized; body and legs usually green-colored 8
107.. Female abdomen longer than wide; embolus of male palp short and thick; spermathecae
of female epigynum large Lysiteles
Female abdomen as wide as or wider than long; embolus of male palp long and filiform;
spermathecae of female epigynum small ................................ Takachihoa
8. Conical protuberance present between ALE and RLE; male much smaller than female . . 9
Conical protuberance absent between ALE and RLE; male not much smaller than female
10
9. Abdomen as wide as or wider than long; protuberance between ALE and RLE well-de-
veloped ............................................................ Thomisus
Abdomen much longer than wide; protuberance between ALE and RLE small .... Runcinia
MOA
longer than wide; embolic division ofmale palp winding around tegulum; epigynum
with soft protuberance Diaea
MOA
wider than long; embolic division of male palp winding around tegulum or very
short with basal structure; epigynum rarely with undeveloped protuberance .... Misumenops
Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 Remarks. This genus is represented by
Lysiteles Simon 1895:998; Ono 1988:132; Song & 38 species distributed in Bhutan, China, Ne-
Zhu 1997:119. pal, Rhilippines, India, Russia, Korea and Ja-
pan (Rlatnick 2005). Among them, two spe-
Type species. Lysiteles catulus Simon cies, Lysiteles amoenus Ono 1980 and L.
1895, by original designation. silvanus Ono 1980, are currently reported
Diagnosis. Small thomisids with well de- from Taiwan.
veloped eyes. Male palp with ventral and re-
Lysiteles digitatus new species
trolateral tibial apophyses; retrolateral tibial
Figs. 1-3
apophysis strongly sclerotized; palpal bulb
without apophyses; embolus short, thick and Type material. Male holotype, Lanyu
twisted. Female epigynum with a sclerotized (22°02'N, 12r33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan,
fold, with intromittent orifice situated in the February 2001, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar-
fold; spermathecae globular (Ono 1988). 02-0302); 1 male paratype, Taitung County,
.
ZHANG ET AL.—CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN 79
—
Figures 1-3. Lysiteles digitatus newmsmpecies: I. Male,mdmorsal view; 2. Left palp, ventral view; 3. Left
palp, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5 (Fig. 1); 0.1 (Figs. 2, 3).
Taiwan, August 2000, K.C. Chen (NMNS- 0.09), PME-PME: PME-PLE (0.17: 0.27);
THU-Ar-^02-030—1). AME: ALE: PME: PLE (0.08: 0.14: 0.05:
MOA
Etymology. The specific name is from 0.12). 0.29 long, front width 0.31, back
the Latin “digitatus”, and refers to the finger- width 0.29. Clypeus width 0.21. Labium lon-
like distal part of the retrolateral tibial apoph- ger than wide (0.22: 0.16). Sternum longer
ysis of the mal—e palp. than wide (0.65: 0.60). Measurements ofpalp
Diagnosis. This species resembles L. and legs: palp 0.97 (0.22, 0.16, 0.13, 0.46);
maius Ono 1979 (Ono 1979, 1980), but differs leg I 3.88 (1.31, 1.50, 0.65, 0.42), II 4.41
from the latter in that the abdomen lacks large (1.36, 1.58, 0.87, 0.60), III 2.59 (0.78, 0.94,
dark patches, the embolus is long, with its tip 0.46, 0.41), IV 2.72 (0.88, 0.99, 0.44, 0.41).
dagger-like, and the retrolateral tibial apoph- Leg formula: 2, 1, 4, 3. Palpal bulb simple;
ysis ofmale palp is almost three times as long embolus short, tip pointed in ventral view;
as the ventral tibial apophysis (Figs. 2, 3); ventral tibial apophysis short, apically with a
whereas in L. maius, the dorsum of male ab- blunt hook; retrolateral tibial apophysis long,
domen has large dark patches, a short embo- with its dis—tal part finger-like (Figs. 2, 3).
lus, and the retrolateral tibial apophysis is Female. Un—known
only slightly longer than the ventral tibial Distribution. This species is only known
apophysis—. from Taitung County, Taiwan.
Male. Total length 1.70-2.65. Holotype
Lysiteles torsivus new species
total length 2.65; cephalothorax 1.33 long,
Figs. 4-6
1.09 wide; abdomen 1.36 long, 1.21 wide. —
Carapace orange, with some long setae (Fig. Type material. Male holotype, Lanyu
1). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and (22°02'N, 12r33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan,
legs orange. Legs with a few long spines and February 2001, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar-
fine hairs. Abdomen earthy yellow, with a few 02-0316). —
small white spots and 2 brown patches, scat- Etymology. The specific name is from
tered with some long setae. Both eye rows the Latin “torsivus”, and refers to the curved
recurved. AME-AME: AME-ALE (0.14: embolus of the male palp.
.
80 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
—
Figures 4-6. Lysiteles torsivus new species: 4. Male, dorsal view; 5. Left palp, ventral view; 6. Left
mm mm
palp, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5 (Fig. 4); 0.1 (Figs. 5, 6).
—
Diagnosis. This species is identified as spines. Abdomen yellow, with some long and
new rather than the male ofLysiteles amoenus short setae; dorsum with gray brown patches
(Ono 1980) from Taiwan, because the cara- and a few small yellowish spots; venter with
pace is trapeziform, and the posterior eye row lateral longitudinal gray brown markings in
is longer than the anteriorrow (Fig. 4); where- posterior half. Both eye rows recurved. AME-
as in L. amoenus, the carapace is almost quad- AME: AME-ALE (0.12: 0.13), PME-PME:
rate, and the posterior eye row is narrower PME-PLE (0.16: 0.31); AME: ALE: PME:
than the anterior row. The new species is also PLE (0.14: 0.21: 0.12: 0.117. MOA 0.29 long,
similar to L. silvanus Ono 1980, but can be front width 0.38, back width 0.35. Clypeus
easily distinguished from the latter by the width 0.26. Labium longer than wide (0.39:
short and thick embolus of the male palp,
0.26). Sternum wider than long (0.85: 0.82).
which is curved in the opposite direction, and Measurements of palp and legs: palp 1.71
the retrolateral apophysis is dagger-shaped in
(0.66, 0.30, 0.23, 0.52); leg I 5.90 (1.80, 2.07,
ventral v—iew (Figs. 5, 6).
Male. Holotype total length 3.15; cepha- 1.35, 0.68), II 6.26 (1.89, 2.30, 1.35, 0.72), III
lothorax 1.53 long, 1.41 wide; abdomen 1.76 3.78 (1.26, 1.35, 0.72, 0.45), IV 3.83 (1.17,
long, 1.19 wide. Carapace orange, with some 1.35, 0.81, 0.50). Leg formula: 2, 1, 4, 3. Pal-
long setae, eye region deep brown (Fig. 4). pal bulb simple; embolus thick and curved;
Chelicerae orange, outer lateral margin of ventral tibial apophysis short and apically
front surface deep brown. Endites, labium and hooked; retrolateral tibial apophysis long,
sternum yellow. Sternum with many long se- dagger-shaped as seen in ventral view (Figs.
tae. Legs yellow, distal end of tibiae and tarsi 5, 6). —
orange. Legs with many spines and setae, tib- Female. Un—knowri
iae I and II with 2 pairs of ventral spines, Distribution. This species is only known
metatarsi I and II with 3 pairs of ventral from Taitung County, Taiwan.
ZHANG ET AL.—CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN 81
Genus Misumenops F.O.R-Cambridge Genus Phrynarachne Thorell 1869
1900 PhrynarachneThorell 1869:37; Oeo 1988:23; Song
Misumenops F.O.P.-Cambridge 1900:134; Ono & Zhu 1997:25.
—
1988:156; Song & Zhu 1997:136. Type species. Thomisus rugosus Wal-
ckenaer 1805, by original designation.
Type species.— maculis-parsa Diagnosis.—Medium to large-sized thom-
Keyserling 1891, by original designation. isids. Eyes small, subequal in size. Cephalo-
Diagnosis.—Small to medium-sized thorn- thorax with granulations, abdomen with many
isids. Tubercles oflateral eyes connate, lateral tubercles. Retrolateral tibial apophysis ofmale
eyes much larger than median eyes. Male palp palp spiniform and long, palpal bulb simple,
with retrolateral, ventral and intermediate tib- embolus filiform and winding around tegul-
ial apophyses, ventral tibial apophysis digit!- um. Female epigynum with a sclerotized
form and retrolateral tibial apophysis fre- plate; spermathecae reniform (Ono 1988).
quently with dorsal tooth. Female epigynum Remarks,—Members of the genus Phry-
with central hood, intromittent orifices situat- narachne have been mainly reported from
ed atboth sides ofhood, spermathecae usually Asia and Africa, and 28 species and two sub-
small and tubular (Ono 1988). species have been reported (Piatnick 2005).
Remarks.—Some 123 species and three This genus is new to Taiwan.
subspecies ofMisumenops have been reported
worldwide, which are distributed in America Phrynarachne ceylonica
and Asia (Piatnick 2005). Only one species, (O.P.-Cambridge 1884)
Misumenops tricuspidatus (Fabricius 1775), Ornithoscatoides ceylonica O.P.-Cambridge 1884:
was previously recorded from Taiwan. 201, plate 15, fig. 3.
Phrynarachne ceylonica (O.P.-Cambridge): Thorell
Misumenops pseudovatius (Schenkel 1936) 1891:97; Ono 1988:25, figs. 11-17
Misumenapseudovatia Schenkel 1936:132, fig. 48. Material examined.—TAIWAN: Taitung
Misumenopspseudovatius (Schenkel): Song & Zhu County: 1 9, Lanyu (22°02'N, 12r33'E), Au-
1997:141, fig. 101, figs, lOlA-D; Song, Zhu & gust 2000, S.Y. Du (NMNS-THU-Ar-01-
Chen 1999:483, figs. 279C, K. 0031); Pingtung County: 1 9, Nan-Jen Shan
(22°05'N, 120°50'E), March 1999, Y. Y Chen
Material examined.—TAIWAN: Taitung (NMNS-THU-Ar-0L0032).
—
County: 1 6, Lanyu (22°02'N, 12r33'E), Au- Diagnosis. This species is similar to
gust 2000, K.C. Chen (NMNS-TeU-Ar-02- Phrynarachne katoi Tikuni 1955 (see Ono
0303); 1 d, Lanyu (22°02'N, 12r33'E), August 1988) in body shape and coloration, but can
2000, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar~02-0304); 1 be easily distinguished from the latter in that
d, Taichung City (24°irN, 120°35'E), 1 May the epigynum has no central hood under the
2000, J.N. Hwang. epigynal plate, the spermathecae have anteri-
Diagnosis.—This species resembles Misu- orly situated glands, the ventral tibial apoph-
menops tricuspidatus (Fabricius 1775) (Song ysis of male palp is curved distally and the
& Zhu 1997) in the coloration and body cymbium is expanded retrolaterally.
shape, but can be easily distinguished from Female.—See descriptions and illustrations
the latter by the central hood of the female of Ono (—1988).
epigynum, the large and almost rectangular Male. See descriptions and illustrations of
spermathecae; the very small ventral tibial Ono (1988). —
apophysis of male palp, and the presence of a Distribution.- ^Chiea and neighboring is-
dorsal tooth on the retrolateral tibial apophy- lands; Japan; Sumatra; Nicobar Islands; India;
sis. Sri Lanka.
Female,—See descriptions and illustrations
ofMSaolneg.—&SZeheude(s1c9r9i7p)t.ions and illustrations of TakachihoaGeOnnuos1T9a85k:a2c8h;iOhnoao O19n8o8:115928;5Song &
Song & Zhu (19—97). Zhu 1997:135.
Distribution. China and neighboring is- Type species.—Oxypri/fl truciformis Bos-
&
lands; Bhutan. enberg Strand 1906, by monotypy.
82 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
—
Figures 7-9. Takachihoa onoi new species: 7. Male, dorsal view; 8. Left palp, ventral view; 9. Left
mm mm
palp, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5 (Fig. 7); 0.1 (Figs 8, 9).
— —
Diagnosis. Small thomisids. Cephalotho- Etymology. The specific name is a pa-
rax with clavate setae in females. Male palp tronym in honor of the well-known Japanese
with ventral and retrolateral tibial apophyses, araneologist.—Dr H. Ono.
palpal bulb without apophyses, embolus long Diagnosis. The new species resembles
and filiform, winding twice around the tegul- Takachihoa truciformis (Bosenberg & Strand
um. Female epigynum is weakly sclerotized, 1906) (see Ono 1988) in the shape ofthe male
with a median hood, and small, globular sper- palp, but differs from the latter in that the ven-
mathecae. Takachihoa is similar to Synaema tral tibial apophysis is axe-shaped in ventral
Simon 1864, but differs from the latter in that view and the retrolateral tibial apophysis is
the female epigynum is weakly sclerotized not bifur—cated in lateral view (Eigs. 8, 9).
and bears no chitinized plates, and the ventral Male. Total length 2.43-2.45. Holotype
tibial apophysis of male palp is large and se- total length 2.45; cephalothorax 1.24 long,
curiform (Ono—1988). 1.34 wide; abdomen 1.29 long, 1.19 wide.
Remarks. Two species of Takachihoa Carapace red brown, with black brown patch-
have been previously named from China, Ja- es and several setae. Chelicerae yellow brown,
pan and Indonesia (Platnick 2005), and we with gray brown pigment on front surface. En-
here add a third species from Taiwan. dites yellow brown, lateral margins gray
brown. Labium reddish brown, distal part
Takachihoa onoi new species
Figs. 7-9 pale. Sternum yellow brown. Legs I and II red
brown, with gray brown spots on femora; bas-
—
Type material. Male holotype, Lanyu al parts of coxae, trochanters and femora of
(22°02'N, 121°33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan, legs III and IV yellowish brown, rest red
August 2000, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar- brown. Tibiae I and II with 4 pairs of ventral
02-0308); 1 male paratype, Lanyu (22°02'N, spines, metatarsi I and II with 3 pairs of ven-
121°33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan, Eebruary tral spines. Dorsum of abdomen yellow
2001, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar-02-0309). brown, scattered with irregular black brown
U
.
ZHANG ET AL.—CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN 83
patches, anterior margin yellowish brown; THU-Ar-01-0042); 2 females and 2 males,
venter earthy yellow, with 2 grayish brown February 2001, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar-
patches in front of spinnerets. Both eye rows 02-0296-0297, 0299-0300); 1 female, Au-
recurved. AME--AME: AME^ALE (0.12. gust 2001, K.C. Chen (NMNS-THU-Ar-02-
0.08), PME-^PME: PME==PLE (0.10: 0.22); 0295); 1 male, August 2000, K.C. Chen
AME:MAOLEA: PME: PLE (0.05: 0.12: 0.04: (NMNS-THU-Ar—-02-0298).
0.07). 0.18 long, front width 0.23, back Etymology,' The specific name is a noun
width 0.22. Clypeus width 0.08. Labium in apposition taken from the type locality.
slightly wider than long (0.20: 0.19). Sternum Diagnosis.—The new species resembles
longer than wide (0.68: 0.65). Measurements Tmarus komi Ono 1996 in the shape of the
of palp and legs: palp 1.08 (0.38, 0.21, 0.13, male palp but differs from the latter in having
0.36); leg I 4.00 (1.16, 1.38, 0.88, 0.58), II a palpal bulb longer than wide, a small and
5.30 (1.48, 1.87, 1.39, 0.56), III 2.75 (0.90, distal retrolateral tibial apophysis, and a spi-
1.02, 0.46, 0.37), IV 2.69 (0.85, 0.99, 0.48, nous tibial apophysis (Figs. 13, 14); whereas
0.37). Leg formula: 2, 1,3, -1 Palp-al bulb sim- in T. komi, the palpal bulb is wider than long,
ple, without apophyses; embolus long and fi- the retrolateral tibial apophysis is wide and
liform, winding around tegulem in two cir- with a dorsal tooth. The new species is also
cles; ventral tibial apophysis large and similar to T. taiwanus Ono 1977 but can be
axe-shaped in ventral view; retrolateral tibial distinguished from the latter by the epigynum
apophysis not well developed with its distal with a median hood and the connecting duct
end single, not bifurcated (Figs. 8, 9). long and curved (Figs. 11, 12).
Female eJmown Female*—Total length 5.13-5.18. Holotype
—
Distribution* This species is only known total length 5.13; cephalothorax 1,71 long,
from Taitung County, Taiwan. 1.62 wide; abdomen 3.33 long, 2.88 wide.
Carapace orange, with some black brown
Genus Tmarus Simon 1875
patches and a few long setae; eye region
Tmarus Simon 1875:259; Ono 1988:53; Song & white, with some fine setae. Chelicerae or-
Zhu 1997:44. ange, blackish brown on anterior lateral sur-
Type species.—“Arawea pigra Walckeeaer face, with white spots on front surface; both
1802, by original designation. promargin and retromargin lacking teeth. La-
Diagnosis*—Medium-sized thomisids. bium blackish brown with basal part paler.
MOA
nearly as long as wide. Male palp with Palps, eedites, sternum and legs yellow. Legs
ventral and retrolateral tibial apophyses, fre- with some spines and setae. Abdomen white,
quently with intermediate and distal tibial with numerous brown speckles; dorsum scat-
apophyses, palpal bulb is simple, lacking tered with a few brown patches and a pair of
apophyses, embolus usually short and thick. red brown spots; venter with a wide longitu-
Female epigynum usually with a mediae dinal yellow brown band behind the genital
hood, spermathecae small, globular, oval or groove. Both eye rows recurved. AME-AME:
reniform (Ono 1988). AME-ALE (0.14: 0.13), PME-PME: PME-
Remarks*—Although some 210 species are PLE (0.16: 0.35); AME: ALE: PME: PLE
MOA
currently included in the genus Tmarus (Plat- (0.10: 0.22: 0.10: 0.21). 0.47 long, front
nick 2005), only T. taiwanus Ono 1977 was width 0.33, back width 0.42. Clypeus width
previously recorded from Taiwan. We here re- 0.20. Labium longer than wide (0.44: 0.23).
port on a new Taiwanese species. Sternum longer than wide (0,91: 0.75). Mea-
Tmarus lamyu new species surements of legs: I 5.59 (1.76, 2.07, 1,11,
0.65), II 5.89 (1.89, 2.16, 1.19, 0.65), III 4.38
Figs. 10-14
(1.43, 1.56, 0.85, 0.54, IV 4.64 (1.53, 1.58,
Type material*—Female holotype, Lariyu 0.99, 0.54). Leg formula: 2, 1, 4, 3. Epigynum
(22°02'N, 121°33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan, with a median hood, connecting ducts long
19 February 1997 (NMNS-THU-Ar-0L0035). and membranous, spermathecae almost reni-
Paratypes, all from Lanyu (22°02'N, form (Figs. 11-12).
121°33'E), Taitung County, Taiwan: 1 female, Male.—Total length 2.97-3.33. Male total
18 February 1997 (NMNS-THU-Ar-01-0044); length 3.24; cephalothorax 1.43 long, 1.36
1 male, 17 February 1997, LMin Tso (NMNS- wide; abdomen 2.03 long, 1.24 wide. Abdo-
84 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
13 14
—
Figures 10-14. Tmarus lanyu new species: 10. Female, dorsal view; 11. Epigynum; 12. Vumlvma; 13.
Left palp ofthe male, ventral view; 14. Left palp ofthe male, retrolateral view. Scale lines: 1.0 (Fig.
mm
10); 0.1 (Figs. 11-14).
men relatively longer and narrower. Other a peculiar member of Tmarus in having the
characters as in female holotype. Measure- legs without well-developed spines and the
ments of palp and legs: palp 1.43 (0.52, 0.29, male palp with a simple bulb and long, fili-
0.20, 0.42); leg I 6.26 (2.07, 2.16, 1.26, 0.77), form embolus (Ono 1996). Rather than cre-
II 6.26 (1.98, 2.25, 1.31, 0.72), III 4.46 (1.35, ating a new genus for them, we have followed
1.62, 0.90, 0.59), IV 4.55 (1.53, 1.53, 0.90, Ono (1996) and placed the new species tem-
0.59). Leg formula: 1, 2, 4, 3. Palp with ven- porarily in the genus Tmarus because many
tral, retrolateral and distal tibial apophyses; species ofthis genus from Southeast Asia still
ventral apophysis digitiform, retrolateral need to be studi—ed.
apophysis small, and distal apophysis spinous; Distribution. This species is presently
bulb longer than wide, embolus long and fi- only known from Taitung County, Taiwan.
liform (Figs.—13, 14).
Remarks. The new species is closely re- Genus Xysticus C.L. Koch 1835
lated to Tmarus komi Ono 1996 from Japan. Xysticus C.L. Koch 1835:16, 17; Ono 1988:77;
But as Ono mentioned in his paper, T. komi is Song & Zhu 1997:64.
ZHANG ET AL.—CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN 85
— —
Type species. Aranea audax Schrank Cambridge, FO.P. 1900. Arachnida Araneida and
1803, by origi—nal designation. Opiliones. In Biologia Centr&ali-Americana, Zoolo-
Diagnosis. Medium-sized thomisids. gy. Vol. 2: 89-192. Taylor Francis, London.
Cephalothorax domed, not flattened; head Cambridge, O.P. 1884. On two new genera of spi-
wide with strong setae. Tubercles ofALE and ders. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London 1884:196-205.
PLE connate. Legs with developed spines. Chen, S.H. 1996. A checklist of spiders in Taiwan.
Male palp generally with ventral and retrola- Annual of Taiwan Museum 39:123-156.
teral tibial apophyses, as well as intermediate Foelix, R. 1996. Biology of Spiders. Oxford. Ox-
tibial apophysis in some species-groups; pal- ford University Press.
pal bulb tegulum sometimes has two or three Fox, I. 1937. Notes on Chinese spiders ofthe fam-
apophyses. Female epigynum heavily sclero- ilies Salticidae and Thomisidae. Journal of the
tized lacking guide pocket and frequently with Washington Academy of Science 27:12-23.
median septum; spermathecae large, globular Koch, C.L. 1835. Spinnen. Arachniden. In Panzer,
or reniform (—Ono 1988). G.W.E, FaunaInsectorum Germaniae initia. Hef-
Remarks. Although 354 species and 12 te 129:12-24.
2s0u0b5s)p,ecioenslyarXe recchourideOdnion t1hi9s92genhauss (bPeleantnircek- OnoaT,cmhaHnr.oulso1g9i7Sc7ia.m,oTTnhookm(yiAorsaic2dh7an(eiSdpaaeu:cs.AJNraoap.na)en:a6eI.1)-.D8a4As.ctGaenAurs-
ported from Taiwan. We here report the first Ono, H. 1979. Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Hima-
record ofX. croceus Fox 1937 from Taiwan. laya. II. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895
(Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biolo-
Xysticus croceus Fox 1937
gica 60:91-108.
Xys8t9i,cfuisgs.cr7o9c-e8u2s;FSooxng19&37:Z1h9u, 1f9ig9.7:1717;,Ofingos. 41978A8-: OnoL,ysHi.tel1e9s80.SiTmhoomnis1i8d9a5e a(uAsrJaacphannidIaII:. DAarsanGeeaneu)s.
D; Song, Zhu & Chen 1999:501, figs. 285C, M. Senckenbergiana Biologica 60:203-217.
—
Material examined. TAIWAN: Nantou Ono, H. 1985. Revision einiger Arten der Familie
County: 1 d, Hui-Sun Forest Station TBuhlolmeitsinidoafeth(eANraatcihonniadla,ScAirenacneeaMeu)seauusm TJaopkayno.
(24°06'N, 12r03'E), 24 April 1999, 1. C. (A) 11:19-39.
Chou (NMNS-—THU-Ar-01-0031). Ono, H. 1988. Arevisional study ofthe spiderfam-
Diagnosis. This species resembles Xysti- ily Thomisidae (Arachnida, Araneae) of Japan.
cus ephippiatus Simon 1880 (Song & Zhu National Science Museum, Tokyo.
1997) in body shape and coloration, but dif- Ono, H. 1992. Occurrence of the genus Xysticus
fers from the latter in that the anterior depres- (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Taiwan. Bulletin ofthe
sion of the female epigynum is flat and its National Science Museum Tokyo (A) 18:35-40.
posterior margin strongly recurved, the small- Ono, H. 1996. Two new species ofthe families Li-
er spermathecae, and the wider and longer re- phistiidae and Thomisidae (Araneae) from the
trolateral ti—bial apophysis of male palp. Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan. Acta Arach-
Female. See descriptions and illustrations nologica, Tokyo 45:157-162.
of Song—& Zhu (1997) and Ono (1988). Plastinoicnk,5.N5..I.Am2e0r0i5.caTnheMuWsoreludmSopfidNeartuCraatlalHoigs,tVoerry,-
Male. See descriptions and illustrations of
Song & Zhu (19—97) and Ono (1988). ospnildienre/caattahltotgp8:1/-/8r7e/sienadrecxh..hatmmnlh.org/entomology/
Distribution. Xysticus croceus occurs in Schenkel, E. 1936. Kleine Beitrage zur Spinnen-
China and its neighboring islands, as well as kunde. II. Teil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 43:
India, Nepal, Bhutan, Korea and Japan. 307-333.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Simon, E. 1875. Les Arachnides de France. Librair-
ie Encyclopediquede Roret, Paris. Vol. 2: 1-350.
We are grateful to K.C. Chen for collecting Simon, E. 1895. Histoire Naturelle des Araignees.
and sorting the specimens. This work was Encyclopedic Roret, Paris. VoL 1: 761-1084.
supported by National Science Council, Tai- Song, D.X. & M.S. Zhu. 1997. Fauna Sinica:
wan grants (NSC-92-262l-B-029-001, NSC- Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae, Philodromi-
93-2621-B-029-002) to I.-M. Tso. dae. Science Press, Beijing.
Song, D.X., M.S. Zhu &J. Chen. 1999. TheSpiders
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