Factors influencing the use of physical restraints on children living in residential treatment

155 Pages·2017·1.31 MB·English

Walden University
ScholarWorks
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Collection
2016
Factors infuencing the use of physical restraints on
children living in residential treatment facilities
April M. Minjarez-Estenson
Walden University
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Walden University

College of Social and Behavioral Sciences

This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by

April Minjarez-Estenson

has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects,
and that any and all revisions required by
the review committee have been made.

Review Committee
Dr. Vincent Fortunato, Committee Chairperson, Psychology Faculty
Dr. Bernadette Dorr, Committee Member, Psychology Faculty
Dr. Kizzy Dominguez, University Reviewer, Psychology Faculty

Chief Academic Officer
Eric Riedel, Ph.D.

Walden University
2016
Abstract
Factors influencing the use of physical restraints on children living in residential
treatment facilities
by
April Minjarez-Estenson

M.A., University Of Phoenix, 2006
B.A., National University, 2001

Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Clinical Psychology

Walden University
March 2016
Abstract
The use of physical restraints in residential treatment centers for children has been shown
to be detrimental to both staff and the children. Although there have been nationwide
initiatives to reduce or eliminate the use of physical restraints on children, to date,
researchers have not yet identified the organizational factors that predict the likelihood of
using physical restraints on children. Based on the two-factor theory, in which two
different types of predictors of motivation and behavior in the workplace were identified,
the purpose of this quantitative non-experimental study was to examine whether
satisfaction with pay, a hygiene factor, and satisfaction with supervision and perceived
organizational support, motivating factors, predict the frequency of the use of physical
restraints. Satisfaction with pay and supervision were measured using the Job Satisfaction
Survey and perceived organizational support was measured using the Perceived
Organizational Support Survey. Data were collected from 245 direct care staff members
employed at residential treatment centers for children. Pearson product moment
correlations and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results indicated that
satisfaction with supervision was negatively and statistically significantly related to the
use of physical restraints on children in residential care and satisfaction with pay
approached significance. Organizational changes that address training, development,
pay, and best practices for supervision may aid in the reduction of physical restraints used
on children. The reduction in physical restraints would thereby reduce the undesirable
impact they have on children and result in positive social change.
Factors influencing the use of physical restraints on children living in residential
treatment facilities
by
April Minjarez-Estenson

M.A., University of Phoenix, 2006
B.A., National University, 2001

Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Clinical Psychology

Walden University
March 2016
Dedication
I dedicate this to my children, Isaiah and Saleen who waited patiently for me to
finish. I also dedicate this to my dearest grandfather Felipe Sanchez who provided me a
loving foundation, I am eternally thankful for your support and unconditional love. My
husband, Dennis, has been instrumental in supporting me through this process. I thank
you all with every beat of my heart.
Acknowledgments
I am thankful to all my committee members who have been very patient and
supportive throughout the entire dissertation process. A special thank you to Dr.
Fortunato as my dissertation chair- for your meticulous attention to detail ensuring the
quality of my work.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1
Background of the Study ...............................................................................................1
Problem Statement .........................................................................................................4
Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................5
Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................6
Research Question and Hypotheses ...............................................................................7
Hypothesis One ....................................................................................................... 7
Hypothesis Two ...................................................................................................... 8
Hypothesis Three .................................................................................................... 8
Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................8
Definition of Terms........................................................................................................9
Assumptions .................................................................................................................11
Limitations ...................................................................................................................12
Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................13
Significance of the Study .............................................................................................13
Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................16
Introduction ..................................................................................................................16
Background and Organization of the Chapter .............................................................17
Residential treatment for Children and Adolescents ...................................................18
Job Satisfaction ............................................................................................................20
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory ............................................................................ 22
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Empirical Review of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory .......................................... 24
Perceived Organizational Support (POS) ............................................................. 29
Extrinsic Factors Related to Job Satisfaction........................................................ 32
Employee Level Outcomes Related to Both Hygiene and Motivator
Factors ....................................................................................................... 34
Summary of Hygiene and Motivator Factors: ...................................................... 37
Criticisms of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory....................................................... 38
The Use of Physical Restraints in Residential Treatment ............................................46
Empirical Research Regarding the Use of Physical Restraints ............................ 47
Job Satisfaction, Management Support, and the Use of Physical Restraints ........ 53
Summary and Conclusion ............................................................................................55
Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................57
Introduction ..................................................................................................................57
Research Design and Rationale ...................................................................................57
Research Questions and Hypothesis ............................................................................58
Research Question One ......................................................................................... 58
Hypothesis One ..................................................................................................... 59
Research Question Two ........................................................................................ 59
Hypothesis Two .................................................................................................... 59
Research Question Three ...................................................................................... 60
Hypothesis Three .................................................................................................. 60
Methodology ................................................................................................................60
ii
Population ............................................................................................................. 60
Sampling and Sampling Procedures ..................................................................... 61
Participants ............................................................................................................ 61
Sample Size ........................................................................................................... 62
Recruitment ........................................................................................................... 63
Instrumentation and Operationalization of Constructs ......................................... 63
Job Satisfaction Survey ......................................................................................... 64
Perceived Organization Support Survey ............................................................... 65
Use of Physical Restraints .................................................................................... 66
Data Analysis Plan .......................................................................................................66
Threats to Validity .......................................................................................................67
Ethical Procedures ................................................................................................ 69
Summary ......................................................................................................................70
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis ......................................................................................72
Introduction ..................................................................................................................72
Data Collection ............................................................................................................72
Description of the Sample ..................................................................................... 74
Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................77
Data Preparation.................................................................................................... 77
Normality Analysis ............................................................................................... 80
Hypothesis One ..................................................................................................... 82
Hypothesis Two .................................................................................................... 83
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