Experimental charge density : semiconductors, oxides and fluorides : electronic charge density structure in novel materials analyzed using single crystal and powder x-ray methods

298 Pages·2010·19.28 MB·English

by  Ramachandran Saravanan

Characterization of
Advanced Materials
Edited by
R. Saravanan
Characterization of
Advanced Materials
Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only.
Edited by:
R. Saravanan
Copyright  2012 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland

All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the
publisher.

Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Kreuzstrasse 10
CH-8635 Durnten-Zurich
Switzerland
http://www.ttp.net

Volume 699 of
Materials Science Forum
ISSN 0255-5476
Full text available online at http://www.scientific.net

Distributed worldwide by and in the Americas by
Trans Tech Publications Ltd Trans Tech Publications Inc.
Kreuzstrasse 10 PO Box 699, May Street
CH-8635 Durnten-Zurich Enfield, NH 03748
Switzerland USA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
About the Editor
Dr Ramachandran Saravanan, has been associated with the Department of
Physics, The Madura College, affiliated to the Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil
Nadu, India from the year 2000. He worked as a research associate during 1998 at the
Institute of Materials Research (http://www.imr.tohoku.ac.jp/eng/), Tohoku University,
Sendai, Japan and then as a Visiting researcher at Centre for Interdisciplinary Research
(http://www.cir.tohoku.ac.jp/e/index_e.html), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan up to
2000. [Tohoku University was adjudged as Asia’s second best University in standards–
Ref. Multi- disciplinary University Ranks –http: //cgi.cnn.com/ ASIANOW/ asiaweek/
features/ universities2000/ schools/ multi.overall.html).

Earlier, he was awarded Senior Research Fellowship by CSIR, New Delhi
(http://www.csir.res.in/), during Mar.1991- Feb.1993; awarded Research Associate ship by
CSIR, New Delhi, during 1994 – 1997 (In CSIR research Project). Then he was awarded a
Research Associateship by CSIR, New Delhi, during 1997- 1998. Later he was awarded
the Matsumae International Foundation (http://www.mars.dti.ne.jp/~mif/) Fellowship - 1998
(Japan) for doing research at a Japanese Research Institute (Not availed by him due to
the simultaneous occurrence of other Japanese employment).

As on 2011, about 10 researchers are working under his guidance on various
research topics in materials science, crystallography and condensed matter physics and
he has published around 70 research articles in reputed Journals apart from around 45
presentations in conferences, seminars, symposia. Three scholars have obtained Ph.D.
degrees under his guidance as on 2011. He has attracted government funding in the form
of Research Projects. He has completed one CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research, Govt. of India) project successfully, running one more CSIR project and one
UGC project, proposing various projects to Government funding agencies like CSIR, UGC,
DRDO and DST. Recently (2009), he has been awarded a CSIR research project for his
research proposal on Dilute Magnetic Materials (DMS).

He has written three books in the form of research monographs with details as
follows;
(i) “Experimental Charge Density - Semiconductors, oxides and fluorides”, Lambert
Academic Publishing (LAP) AG & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010 (204
pages), ISBN-13: 978-3-8383-8816-8 (ISBN-10:3-8383-8816-X) and
(ii) “Experimental Charge Density - Dilute Magnetic Semiconducting (DMS) materials”
Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP) AG & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany,
2010 (147 pages), ISBN-13: 978-3-8383-9666-8 (ISBN-10: 3-8383-9666-9).
(iii) “Metal and alloy bonding – An Experimental Analysis”, published by Springer,
www.springer.com, 2011 (235 Pages), ISBN-13: 978-1-4471-2203-6

He has committed to write several books in the near future.
He has also contributed and edited two Special Topical Volumes (STV) of TTP (Trans
Tech Publications).

His expertise includes various experimental activities in crystal growth, materials
science, crystallographic, condensed matter physics techniques and tools as in slow
evaporation, gel, high temperature melt growth, Bridgman methods, CZ Growth, high
vacuum sealing etc. He and his group can handle various equipments, different types of
cameras; Laue, Oscillation, Powder, Precession cameras; Manual 4-circle X-ray
diffractometer, Rigaku 4-circle automatic single crystal diffractometer, AFC-5R and AFC-
7R automatic single crystal diffractometer, CAD-4 automatic single crystal diffractometer,
Crystal pulling instruments, and other crystallographic, material science related
instruments. He and his group have a sound computational capabilities too working on
different types of computers. IBM – PC, Cyber180/830A – Mainframe, SX-4
Supercomputing system – Mainframe. He can handle various softwares related to
crystallography and materials science. He has written many computer software programs
too. Around twenty of his programs (both DOS and GUI versions) have been included in
the SINCRIS software database of the International Union of Crystallography,
(http://www.iucr.org/). These software programs are available from him on request
([email protected]; [email protected]).
Contributors to the topical volume, Characterization of Advanced Materials
Dr. PR. Athappan, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University,
Madurai - 625011, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: athappan_gmail.com

Dr. M. Charles Robert, Department of Physics, H.K.R.H. College, Uthamapalayam – 625 533,
Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]

Dr. S. Chattopadhyay, Department of Physics, Moulana Azad College, 8, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai,
Kolkata-700013, India

Dr. Debnarayan Jana, Dr. Mahuya Chakrabarti, Department of Physics, University of Calcutta,
92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India. Email: [email protected]

Dr. J. Gandhirajan, Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Vivekananda College
(Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. S. Ignatius Arockiam, Dr. V. Mani, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College,
Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. M. Jeyaprakasam, Advanced Training Institute, Guindy, Chennai-600025, India

Dr. L. John Berchmans, Dr. S. Angappan, Dr. A. Visuvasam, Electropyrometallurgy Division,
Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: [email protected]

Dr. P. Palanichamy, Dr. P. Kalyanasundaram, NDE Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic
Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, India

Dr. K. Ramachandran, Dr. M. Sivabharathy, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University,
Madurai-625 021, India

Dr. C. Sanjeeviraja, Dr. B. Anuradha, Dr. K.Jeyadheepan, School of Physics, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. Emails: [email protected];
[email protected]

Dr. D. Sanyal, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India

Dr. R. Saravanan, Ms. R. A. J. R. Sheeba, Mr. S. Saravanakumar, Mr. T. Akilan,
Mr. S.Santhosh Kumar Jacob, Ms. M. Ambika, Research Centre and P.G. Department of
Physics, The Madura College, Madurai - 625011, Tamilnadu, India.
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Prof. Dr. A. Sarkar, Department of Physics, Bangabasi Morning College, 19, Rajkumar
Chakraborty Sarani, Kolkata-700 009, India
Dr. S. Sathyajith, Dr. S. Kalainathan, Dr. S.Swaroop, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT
University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu – 632 014, India. Emails: [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]

Dr. G. Subramanian, Department of Chemistry, PSYE Engg College, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu,
India. Email: [email protected]

Dr. A. Xavier, Dr. M. Malarvizhi Dr. D. Usha, Dr. R. Sathya, Post Graduate and Research
,
Department of Chemistry, The Madura College, Tamil Nadu, India.
Emails: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected];
[email protected]

Dr. R. Sayee Kannan, Mr. S. Siva, PG Research and Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar
College, Madurai-625 009, Tamil Nadu, India. Emails: [email protected];
[email protected]

Dr. K. Kavitha, Centre for Research and post Graduate Studies in chemistry, N.M.S.S.V.N
College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]

Dr. N. Kannan, Centre for Research and post Graduate Studies in chemistry, Ayya Nadar Janaki
Ammal College, Sivakasi-626 124, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: [email protected]
Note from the Editor

This special topical volume includes two review articles by eminent scientists in India and
several research articles written by quality researchers in various research and academic
Institutions in India. These articles report the results of the analysis carried out on important
materials useful for human society. Many characterization techniques have been reported to be
utilized for the analysis of different types of materials.
I believe that this volume will be highly useful to scientists, researchers, academicians,
scholars and students working at various levels in academic, research and industrial institutions.
Any constructive research needs tireless efforts, motivation, hard work and
implementation. The articles presented in this volume are the results of those constant
efforts by the respective authors who have dedicated themselves for constructive research
useful for the human society. I dedicate this volume to hard-working researchers.
R. Saravanan Date:31/07/2011
Madurai- 21
To….
All my family members
and
Hard working researchers