Examining donor responses to corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

102 Pages·2013·1.92 MB·English

U4 REPORT
November 2013: 1
Collective donor responses:
Examining donor responses to
corruption cases in Afghanistan,
Tanzania and Zambia
Maja de Vibe
Nils Taxell
Paul Beggan
Peter Bofin
U4 is a web-based resource centre
for development practitioners
who wish to effectively address
corruption challenges in their work.
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Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) – an
independent centre for research
on international development and
policy – and is funded by AusAID
(Australia), BTC (Belgium), CIDA
(Canada), DFID (UK), GIZ (Germany),
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and The Netherlands Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
All views expressed in this Issue
are those of the author(s), and do
not necessarily reflect the opinions
of the U4 Partner Agencies or CMI/
U4.
Copyright 2013 - CMI/U4
Collective donor responses:
Examining donor responses to corruption cases
in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia
Maja de Vibe
Nils Taxell
Paul Beggan
Peter Bofin
U4 Report
October 2013 No 1
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Contents
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Collective donor responses: Examining donor responses to
U4 Report 2013:1 www.U4.no
corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

Acknowledgement
We would like to thank GIZ, in particular Hannes Hechler and Stefanie Teggemann, for providing the
funding for this research, for contributing to the design of the research and for assisting the research
team during its work. A big thanks goes to Kjetil Hansen at the OECD for his tireless support and
valuable contributions. We would like to thank the many people who spared time to be interviewed
for the country case studies. Your insights and comments provided the most important source of
information for the report. We would like to give a special thanks to Karen Hussmann, who has
provided invaluable comments and contributions throughout the writing process. Thanks also go to
Geir Sundet and Phyllis Cox for their contributions. We would like to acknowledge the support
provided by the peer reviewers for the country case studies; Angela Spilsbury, Brian Cooksey and
Jack Titsworth. Finally we would like to give thanks to the general peer reviewers; Liz Hart, Lise
Stendsrud and Anna Persson.
Authors
Maja de Vibe is the Senior Integrity and Governance Advisor at Statkraft. From 2011 to 2013 she
managed a portfolio of anti-corruption work at the International Law and Policy Institute (ILPI) in
Oslo, as their Programme Director for Governance and Anti-corruption. She has worked for 10 years
in Africa, including as a government official for the British Government, as a long-term advisor to an
African government and as a consultant in a private firm.
Nils Taxell is a political scientist and development practitioner working at the Chr. Michelsen
Institute as a Senior Advisor for the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. Taxell undertakes
operational research, conducts trainings, and provides policy advice to aid donors and practitioners on
a wide range of anti-corruption issues, including on people’s engagement, the interface between
corruption and aid, fragile states and the United Nations Convention against Corruption. For more
information please see: http://www.u4.no/info/contact-us/staff/nils-taxell/.
Paul Beggan is a Governance and Anti-Corruption consultant specialising in the design, monitoring
and evaluation of anti-corruption programmes. He is currently the Lead Anti-Corruption Consultant
with the DFID Justice for All Programme (J4A) in Nigeria.
Peter Bofin currently works with an NGO as an adviser on Extractive Industries for Tanzania and
Kenya. Prior to that, he worked as a freelance analyst serving risk analysis firms, specialist
publications and investors. Parallel to this he has worked as a consultant to donors, NGOs and
research institutes on issues of accountability often with a focus on natural resource management.
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corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

Acronyms and abbreviations
AC Anti-Corruption
ACC Anti-Corruption Commission
ADB Asian Development Bank
AG Auditor General
AML Anti-Money Laundering
ANP Afghan National Police
AU African Union
CBoH Central Board of Health (Zambia)
CCTG Cross-Cutting Theme Group (Afghanistan)
CPI Corruption Perception Index
CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
CSO Civil Society Organisation
CSTC Combined Security Transition Command (Afghanistan)
DAC Development Assistance Committee (part of the OECD)
DCI Development Cooperation Ireland
DEC Drug Enforcement Commission
DFID UK Department for International Development
DPG Development Partners Group
DPP Director of Public Prosecutions
DPs Development Partners
EPA External Payments Arrears Account
ESAAMLG Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group
FNDP Fifth National Development Plan
FoI Freedom of Information
FRA Fiduciary Risk Assessment
GAO Government Accountability Office
GAVI GAVI Alliance (formerly Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation)
GBS General Budget Support
GFATM The Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria
GIAAC General Independent Administration on Anti-Corruption
GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia
HLPD High Level Political Dialogue
HoC Heads of Cooperation
HOOAC High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption
i-ANDS interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy
IA Internal Audit
ICTAWG International Corruption, Transparency and Accountability Working Group
IIAG Index of African Governance
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Collective donor responses: Examining donor responses to
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corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

IMF International Monetary Fund
IWA Integrity Watch Afghanistan
JAR Joint Annual Review
JASZ Joint Assistance Strategy Zambia
JCMB Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board
JFA Joint Funding Agreement
LOTFA Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan
MDGs $0**%//07O->%:%*(<O%/&-Y(3*4
Independent Joint Anti-Corruption Monitoring and Evaluation Committee
MEC
(Afghanistan)
MMD Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
MoFNP Ministry of Finance and National Planning
MoH Ministry of Health
MOI Ministry of Interior
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MSL Medical Stores Limited
NADP National Anti-Corruption Policy
NGBS National Governance Baseline Study
NHSP National Health Strategic Plan
NIS National Integrity System
NPP National Priority Programme on transparency and accountability
NPP2 National Priority Programme on Transparency and Accountability
OAG Office of the Auditor General
OAI Office of Audit and Investigation
ODA Overseas Development Assistance
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
PAC Public Accounts Committee
PAF Performance Assessment Framework
PBA Programme Based Approach
PC Project Committee
PD Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
PETS Public Expenditure Tracking Survey
PFM Public Financial Management
RASC Resource Allocation Sub-committee
SADC Southern African Development Community
SAFAC Southern African Forum Against Corruption
SAG Sector Advisory Group
SBS Sector Budget Support
SC Secretary to Cabinet
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corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

SEK Swedish Kronor
Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SIGAR Special Investigator General for Afghan Reconstruction
SWAp Sector Wide Approach
TFC Task Force on Corruption
TI Transparency International
TIZ Transparency International Zambia
ToRs Terms of Reference
UN United Nations
UNAMA United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan
UNCAC UN Convention Against Corruption
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNIP United National Independence Party
UNODC United National Office on Drugs and Crime
WB World Bank
WGC Working Group on Corruption
WGI Worldwide Governance Indicators
ZANACO Zambia National Commercial Bank
ZAWA Zambia Wildlife Authority
ZMK Zambian Kwacha
ZNAN Zambian National AIDS Network
ZNTB Zambian National Tender Board
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Collective donor responses: Examining donor responses to
U4 Report 2013:1 www.U4.no
corruption cases in Afghanistan, Tanzania and Zambia

Executive Summary
Background of the research
In 2006, the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Ministers of Development expressed
a desire to move towards more effective collective responses to corruption. A policy and follow up
reports were developed, and Uganda was the first country where the new ideas were put into practice.
This report, which includes a study of cases from three additional countries, contributes to expanding
the understanding of development partner (DP) responses to concrete corruption incidents. The
reports seeks to explore the factors that influence the extent to which donors are able to act
collectively as “principled principles”—that is, as a joint, credible enforcer of anti-corruption
policies—in response to concrete cases (Persson, Rothstein and Teorell 2013: 451). As a backdrop to
the case studies, a literature review was conducted, with a focus on what drives change with regards
to corruption—and whether there is a role for DPs in effectuating or supporting such change. It also
looks at what the literature says about the key factors that influence the DP response to corruption
cases. !
Summary of the case studies
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