Evaluation of the effect of SBS polymer modifier on cracking resistance of superpave mixtures

186 Pages·2003·6.2 MB·English

by  Kim, Booil

EVALUATIONOFTHEEFFECTOFSBSPOLYMERMODIFIERON
CRACKINGRESISTANCEOFSUPERPAVEMIXTURES
By
BOOILKIM
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL
OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT
OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF
DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
2003
Copyright2003
by
BOOILKIM
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Iextendmysincereappreciationtomyadvisorandchairmanofmysupervisory
committee,Dr.ReynaldoRoque,forhisinvaluableprofessionalandpersonalassistance
throughoutmystudies. Thisdissertationwasmadepossiblethroughhisguidanceand
understanding. IwouldalsoliketothankDr.BjornBirgisson(thecochairofmy
committee).Hewasalwaysavailabletodiscussideasandlendvaluableadvice. Special
thanksgototheothermembersofmyadvisorycommittee(Dr.MangTia,Dr.David
Bloomquist,andDr.BhavaniV.Sankar).
SpecialthanksgotoMr.GeorgeLoppforprocuringmaterialsandensuringthe
properfunctioningoftheequipment. Iappreciatethefriendshipofthestudentsofthe
CivilandCoastalEngineeringInfrastructureMaterialsandPavementsGroup(especially
Sung-HoKim,Jae-SeungKim,DanielDuaquayeDarku,BensaNukunya,Franklin
Twumasi,ClaudeVilliers,BoonchaiSangpetgngam,ZhangwuCui,andChristos
Drakos). IwouldliketoacknowledgeallKoreansincivilengineering.
Finally,Iacknowledgethesupportandunderstandingofmymother,Jung-Hee
Sung,mywife,Jung-Mee,andmyson,Sun-Gu. Igivemyheartfeltthankstoallofmy
family.
iii
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
iii
LISTOFTABLES vii
LISTOFFIGURES ix
ABSTRACT xiii
CHAPTERS
INTRODUCTION
1 1
1.1Background 1
1.2Objectives 3
1.3Scope 3
2 LITERATUREREVIEW 5
2.1FatigueCracking 5
2.2MaterialPropertiesfromSuperpaveIDT 8
2.3FatigueAnalysis 9
2.3.1TraditionalFatigueApproach 9
2.3.2ContinuumMechanicsApproach 11
2.3.3FractureMechanicsApproach 11
2.4Healing 14
2.5Modifiers 16
3 MATERIALSANDMETHODS 25
3.1Materials 25
3.1.1Aggregates 25
3.1.2AsphaltBinders 27
3.2AsphaltMixtureDesign 28
3.2.1SelectionofTrafficLevel 28
3.2.2BatchingandMixing 29
3.2.3Compaction 29
3.3TestSpecimens 33
IV
3.4
TestProcedures 38
3.4.1StandardSuperpaveIDT 38
3.4.1.1ResilientModulusTest 38
3.4.1.2CreepTest 40
3.4.1.3StrengthTest 43
3.4.2RepeatedLoadFractureTest 46
3.4.3StrengthTestsatSlowerLoadingRates 46
3.4.4Longer-TermCreepTeststoFailure 47
3.4.5HealingTest 48
4 EVALUATIONOFFATIGUECRACKING 49
4.1StandardSuperpaveIDT 49
4.1.1GeneralProperties 49
4.1.2TemperatureSensitivity 52
4.2RepeatedLoadFractureTest 61
4.3StrengthTestsatSlowerLoadingRates 64
4.4Longer-TermCreepTeststoFailure 71
4.5HMAFractureModel 74
4.6LongTermAgingEffect 77
4.7AggregateStructureEffect 77
5 EVALUATIONOFHEALING 86
5.1HealingTest 86
5.2DeterminationofHealingParameters 86
5.3HealingRates 94
5.4DamageRecovery 97
6 COSTANALYSISFORUSEOFSBSMODIFIER 109
6.1Pavementdesign 109
6.2Calculationofenergyratio 110
6.3Costanalysis 117
7 FINDINGSANDCONCLUSIONS 127
7.1Findings 127
7.2Conclusions 129
v
APPENDIX
A AGGREGATEBATCHWEIGHTSHEETS 130
B ASPHALTMIXDESIGNANDVOLUMETRICPROPERTIESOFMIXTURES.133
C INDIRECTTENSILETEST(IDT)DATA 146
D HEALINGTESTRESULTS 148
E ACLAYERTHICKNESSFORCOSTANALYSIS 160
LISTOFREFERENCES 166
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 170
vi
LISTOFTABLES
Table page
2.1Classificationofpolymer 19
3.1Aggregateblendproportions 26
3.2Asphaltbinderproperties 27
3.3Trafficlevelsandgyratorycompactioneffort 28
3.4Testsamples 33
4.1SuperpaveIDTresults(Coarse1,STOA) 50
6.1Designlayerthicknessandcalculatedstresses Ill
6.2Factorialdesignforparametricstudy 112
6.3Energyratioscalculatedforconventionalpavementstructures 114
6.4EnergyratioscalculatedforfulldepthACpavement 115
6.5EnergyratioscalculatedforHMAOverlay 116
6.6CostofAClayertomeetERmininconventionalpavement 120
6.7CostofAClayertomeetERmjninHMAfulldepthpavement 121
6.8CostofAClayertomeetERmininHMAoverlaypavement 122
6.9CostsofAClayerwiththeequivalentER 126
A.lCumulativebatchweight(IDTsamples) 131
A.2Cumulativebatchweight(MTDsamples) 132
B.lVolumetricpropertiesforasphaltmixdesign(Coarse1) 134
B.2Volumetricpropertiesforasphaltmixdesign(Fine1) 140
C.lSuperpaveIDTresults(Coarse1,LTOA) 147
vii
C.2SuperpaveIDTresults(Fine1,STOA) 147
E.lTensilestressatthebottomofAClayertomeetERmjnforconventionalpavement161
E.2AClayerthicknesstomeetERminforconventionalpavement 162
E.3AClayerthicknesstomeetERminforHMAfulldepthpavement 163
E.4AClayerthicknesstomeetERmjnforHMAoverlay 164
E.5AClayerthicknessandtensilestressofunmodifiedAClayertomeetERofmodified
mixture 165
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure page
2.1Schematiclocationsofshearandtensilestresszonesintheasphaltconcretepavement
(afterLyttonetal.2001) 7
2.2Classificationofpolymersbasedonlink-structure 20
2.3SBSmodifierstructure 21
3.1Aggregategradations(Coarse1andFine1) 26
3.2Batching 30
3.3Mixing 31
3.4Compacting 32
3.5Slicingthesample 35
3.6Gagepointattachment 36
3.7Markingtheloadingaxis 37
3.8Powermodelofthecreepcompliance 42
3.9DeterminationofFractureEnergyandDissipatedCreepStrainEnergytofailure 45
3.10Typicalbehaviorandinitialfailureincreep 47
4.1Fractureenergyandm-valuefromSuperpaveIDT 51
4.2Temperaturesensitivityofresilientmodulus 54
4.3Temperaturesensitivityoftensilestrength 55
4.4Temperaturesensitivityoffailurestrain 56
4.5Temperaturesensitivityoffractureenergy 57
4.6Temperaturesensitivityofcreepcompliance 58
4.7Temperaturesensitivityofm-value 59
IX
4.8TemperaturesensitivityofDi 60
4.9Determinationofinitialresilientdeformations(5;)andoriginalresilientdeformation
(50) 62
4.10Fracturetestresults(STOA,Coarse1,and10°C) 63
4.11Creepcomplianceofcoarse-gradedmixtures(10°C,STOA) 66
4.12Comparisonoftensilestrengthatdifferentloadingrates 67
4.13Comparisonoffailurestrainatdifferentloadingrates 68
4.14Determinationoftheresidualdissipatedenergy(6.1%SBSmodifiedmixture) 69
4.15Comparisonofresidualdissipatedenergy 70
4.16Creeptestresults(DCSEvs.time) 72
4.17ComparisonofDCSEfbetweencreepandstrengthtest 73
4.18ComparisonofmeasuredandpredictedNf 75
4.19RelativeeffectofSBSmodifierfordifferentasphaltcontentsonpredictedNfacross
alltemperatures 76
4.20Fracturetestresults(LTOA,Coarse1,and10°C) 79
4.21ComparisonofmeasuredandpredictedNfofLTOAmixtures 80
4.22ComparisonofpredictedNfbetweenSTOAandLTOAmixtures 81
4.23ComparisonofDibetweenSTOAandLTOAmixtures 82
4.24ComparisonofpredictedNfofcoarseandfinegradedmixtures 83
4.25RelationshipbetweenpredictedNfandcreepcompliance 84
4.26RelationshipbetweenpredictedNfandfractureenergy 85
5.1Healingtestresults,loading(1000cycleswith75psi)&healingat15°C 88
5.2Comparisonofhealingrateat15°C(after1000loadingcyclesat75psi) 89
5.3Relationshipbetweentotalaccumulateddamageandhealingrate(1000cycles
loadingwith75psi&healingat15°C) 90
5.4HealingtestatdifferentDCSEformodifiedmixtureswith6.1%AC(loadingwith
55psi&healingat20°C)) 91
x