Evaluating the European Approach to Rural Development: Grass-roots Experiences of the LEADER Programme

258 Pages·2015·1.4 MB·English

by  Leo Granberg

Evaluating thE EuropEan
approach to rural DEvElopmEnt
perspectives on rural policy
and planning
Series Editors:
Andrew Gilg, university of Exeter and university of gloucestershire, uK
Henry Buller, university of Exeter, uK
Owen Furuseth, university of north carolina, uSa
Mark Lapping, university of South maine, uSa
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Evaluating the European
approach to rural Development
grass-roots Experiences of the lEaDEr programme
Edited by
lEo granBErg
University of Helsinki, Finland
KJEll anDErSSon
Åbo Akademi University, Finland
imrE Kovách
Hungarian Academy of Sciences and
Debrecen University, Hungary
© leo granberg, Kjell andersson, imre Kovách and the contributors 2015
all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
leo granberg, Kjell andersson and imre Kovách have asserted their right under the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.
published by
ashgate publishing limited ashgate publishing company
Wey court East 110 cherry Street
union road Suite 3-1
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Evaluating the European approach to rural development : grass-roots experiences of the
lEaDEr programme / [edited] by leo granberg, Kjell andersson and imre Kovách.
pages cm. – (perspectives on rural policy and planning)
includes bibliographical references and index.
iSBn 978-1-4724-4376-2 (hardback) – iSBn 978-1-4724-4377-9 (ebook) –
iSBn 978-1-4724-4378-6 (epub) 1. lEaDEr (program) 2. rural development –
European union countries. i. granberg, leo. ii. andersson, Kjell (professor of social
sciences and rural research) iii. Kovách, imre.
hn380.Z9c6426 2015
307.1’412094–dc23
2014037366
iSBn 9781472443762 (hbk)
iSBn 9781472443779 (ebk – pDF)
iSBn 9781472443786 (ebk – epuB)
printed in the united Kingdom by henry ling limited,
at the Dorset press, Dorchester, Dt1 1hD
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
List of Contributors xi
1 Introduction: Leader as an Experiment in Grass-Roots
Democracy 1
Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovách
2 LEADER and Local Democracy: A Comparison between Finland
and the United Kingdom 13
Johan Munck af Rosenschöld and Johanna Löyhkö
3 A Perspective of LEADER Method in Spain Based on the Analysis
of Local Action Groups 33
Javier Esparcia, Jaime Escribano and Almudena Buciega
4 The LEADER Programme in Hungary – Bottom-up Development
with Top-down Control? 53
Bernadett Csurgó and Imre Kovách
5 The Democratic Capabilities of and Rhetoric on LEADER LAGs
in the EU – The Danish Case 79
Annette Aagaard Thuesen
6 A Political Perspective on LEADER in Finland – Democracy and
the Problem of ‘Troublemakers’ 95
Marko Nousiainen
7 LEADER and Possibilities of Local Development in the Russian
Countryside 111
Leo Granberg, Jouko Nikula and Inna Kopoteva
8 Questioning the Gender Distribution in Danish LEADER LAGs 127
Annette Aagaard Thuesen and Petra Derkzen
vi Evaluating the European Approach to Rural Development
9 LEADER LAGs: Neocorporatist Local Regimes or Examples of
Economic Democracy? 149
Giorgio Osti
10 Bottom-up Initiatives and Competing Interests in Transylvania 165
Dénes Kiss and Enikő Veress
11 Can Renewable Energy Contribute to Poverty Reduction? A Case
Study on Romafa, a Hungarian LEADER 183
Ildikó Asztalos Morell
12 Developing or Creating Instability? Development Management,
Scale and Representativeness in Tunisia 207
Aude-Annabelle Canesse
13 Conclusion: The LEADER Colours on the Democracy Palette 229
Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovách
Index 237
List of Figures
4.1 LEADER Local Action Groups in 2006 56
4.2 Municipalities Covered by the LEADER Local Action Groups
(VKSZI) 57
4.3 Institutional Links of the HAVER LAG 62
4.4 Institutional Links of the Nagykunságért LAG 67
4.5 Institutional Links of the Dél-Balaton LAG 70
9.1 Usual Position of Italian Local Action Groups on a Continuum
between Aggregation and Integration Ideal Types 153
9.2 Position of Multipolar Agency – Type of Italian Local Action
Groups on a Continuum between Aggregation and Integration
Ideal Types 153
9.3 Number of Local Action Groups in Each Italian Region’s ‘Rural
Development Programme’ (2007–2013) 155
9.4 Classification of LEADER Regional Rural Programmes according
to the Political and Functional Autonomy of LAGs 157
12.1 Local Bodies in Tunisian Rural Areas 211
12.2 Agricultural Development Group’s Implementation 224
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List of Tables
2.1 The Criteria for Assessing the Democratic Characteristics of
LEADER 17
2.2 Presentation of Local Action Groups Included in Our Study 19
2.3 The Democratic Characteristics of the Finnish and British
Local LEADER Systems 27
3.1 Basic Data and Some Observations of the LEADER Approach in
Spain (1991–2013) 38
4.1 Analytical Themes and Issues 59
4.2 Case Study Results 72
5.1 Aggregative and Integrative Democracy, Democracy According
to Schumpeter and Pateman and According to Ross and Koch,
Respectively 84
5.2 Assessment of the Aggregative and Integrative Aspects of
LEADER at the EU Level 85
5.3 Overview of the Danish LAG Organisation from 2000 to 2006
and from 2007 to 2013 87
8.1 Gender Distribution of all LAG Board Members and Gender
Distribution of LAG Board Members Calculated by LAG Type 132
8.2 Gender Distribution of LAG Board Members, Calculated by
Municipality Type 132
8.3 Age Distribution, Calculated by Gender 134
8.4 Educational Background of LAG Board Members Calculated
by Gender 135
8.5 Main Occupation of LAG Board Members Calculated by Gender 135
8.6 Group for Which One Has Been Elected to the Board, Calculated
by Gender 136
8.7 Group for Which One Has Been Elected to the Board, Calculated
by LAG type 136
8.8 Positions Held on the Board Calculated by Gender 137
8.9 Knowledge of Board Members when Joining as Board Members 138
8.10 Women’s Relative Position to Men 138
8.11 Gender Distribution on LAG Boards in Europe, 2004 (Annex 1) 144
10.1 The Share of Employment in the Different Occupational Sectors
in Romanian Rural Areas 1977–2002 167
10.2 The Agricultural Units in Romania 2010 169
10.3 The Composition of the Second LAG-Partnership 175