Table Of ContentNew Security Challenges Series
General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the
Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick,
UK, and Director of the ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme.
The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes
and manifestations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from
the social sciences, civil society and a very broad policy community. In the past,
the avoidance of war was the primary objective, but with the end of the Cold
War the retention of military defence as the centrepiece of international secu-
rity agenda became untenable. There has been, therefore, a significant shift in
emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda that
talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security
and environmental security. The topical New Security Challenges series reflects
this pressing political and research agenda.
Titles include:
Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers
THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY
How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster
Christopher Farrington (editor)
GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND
PEACE PROCESS
Implementing the Political Settlement
Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster
ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM
New Media and Protest in the Information Age
Andrew Hill
RE-IMAGINING THE WAR ON TERROR
Seeing, Waiting, Travelling
Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin
TELEVISION AND TERROR
Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse
Janne Haaland Matlary
EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS
In the New National Interest
Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors)
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
PEACEBUILDING
Brian Rappert
BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS
An Inquiry into Research and Methods
Brian Rappert (editor)
TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY
Governing Threats in the New Millennium
New Security Challenges Series
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–00216–6 (hardback) and
ISBN 978–0–230–00217–3 (paperback)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with
your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
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European Union Security
Dynamics
In the New National Interest
Janne Haaland Matlary
Professor of International Politics,
Institute of Political Science
University of Oslo,
and the Norwegian Defence Education Command,
Norway
© Janne Haaland Matlary 2009
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009978-1-349-35666-9
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
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accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2009 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
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ISBN 978-1-349-35666-9 ISBN 978-0-230-59430-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230594302
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Matlary, Janne Haaland.
European Union security dynamics in the new national interest /
Janne Haaland Matlary.
p. cm.—(New security challenges series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Security, International – European Union countries. 2. National
security – European Union countries. 3. European Union countries –
Military policy. I. Title.
JZ6009.E94M38 2009
355(cid:2).03304—dc22 2008035172
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
Transferred to Digital Printing in 2009
In memoriam my mother
Ada Johanne Haaland, 1926–2007
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Contents
List of Abbreviations x
Acknowledgements xii
Epigraph xiii
Introduction 1
Part I Security Policy in Europe
1 Post-National Security Policy in Europe 15
From nation-state to ‘service-state’ in Europe 17
From existential, territorial threat to diffuse risk 19
Implications for non-state actors in security policy 23
The state may lose its monopoly on military force 26
Driving forces of internationalisation 29
Multilateral legitimacy 31
The return of security interests: Doing good and
fighting terrorism 36
2 EU Security and Defence Policy: Legitimacy
and Capability 40
EU legitimacy for the use of force 41
EU military capabilities 46
European Capabilities Action Plan (ECAP) 49
Headline goal 2010 50
EDA 51
The civilian headline goals for 2008 53
Gendarmerie force 53
Institutional capacity building 54
Planning Cell instead of headquarter 55
EU operations 57
NATO’s role 58
Relations between NATO and the EU 60
How are decisions made in the EU? 61
3 EU Security Dynamics: The New National Interests 68
The new national interests in security policy 73
vii
viii Contents
Realist models of the ESDP 77
Constructivist and institutionalist approaches 79
The EU: Soft power – therefore ethical power? 84
Indirect power: The shaping of institutions 86
Exercising power in the ESDP 89
Part II EU Security Dynamics: Pursuing
National Interests
4 Playing the Great Game: France, Britain, and Germany 97
Grand strategy in Europe 99
France 101
The evolution of French strategic thinking 104
Britain 110
From unilateral to multilateral force deployments 117
The main political dynamic: Directoire inside the EU 120
The battlegroups 125
The EDA and defence industry ‘pooling’ 130
Conclusions 134
5 Playing the Two-Level Game: France, Britain, Germany 138
Two-level games played 138
Domestic political processes 143
Weak governments: Italy and Germany 146
Italy 146
Germany 149
Strong governments: Britain and France 159
Britain 159
France 162
Weak state elites must play two-level games 164
Strong state elites sometimes play two-level games 165
Part III Incurring Security
Policy Dependencies?
6 Coalitions of the Able: The Pooling of Military
Capacity in the ESDP 169
Military integration in Europe 171
Integration in the battlegroups 173
Integration through procurement and planning? 174
Military capacities: Who depends on whom? 176
The political process: Does it create integration? 184
Contents ix
7 Coalitions of the Willing: The Pooling of Sovereignty
in the ESDP 188
EU as an arena or an actor? 190
In bello decision-making matters increasingly 192
Coercive diplomacy: Another area of core logic 195
EU strategic culture: A contradiction in terms? 202
Capability, legitimacy, but no political will 204
Conclusion: A French model for the EU? 206
Notes 213
Bibliography 218
Index 229
