Table Of Content

European Prehistory INTERDISCIPLINARYCONTRIBUTIONSTOARCHAEOLOGY SeriesEditor:JelmerEerkens,UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,Berkeley,CA,USA FoundingEditor: RoyS.Dickens,Jr.,LateofUniversityofNorthCarolina, ChapelHill,NC,USA Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6090 Sarunas Milisauskas Editor European Prehistory A Survey Second Edition 123 Editor SarunasMilisauskas DepartmentofAnthropology StateUniversityofNewYork Buffalo,NY14261,USA [email protected] ISSN1568-2722 ISBN978-1-4419-6632-2 e-ISBN978-1-4419-6633-9 DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6633-9 SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011931774 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentiﬁedassuch, isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) ToVita Acknowledgments I thank all the contributors, Anthony Harding, Michael Jochim, Janusz Kruk, and Peter Wells, for their cooperation and help in making this book possible. I am grateful to numerous archaeolo- gists who supplied me with requested information, illustrations, reprints, and books: Eszter Bánffy, Audrone˙ Bliujiene˙, Michael Galaty, Andre Gonciar, Aleksander Häusler, Sławomir Kadrow, Magda Mantu Lazarovici, Algimantas Merkevicˇius, Rimute˙ Rimantiene˙, Jan Turek and Günter Wetzel. I alsothankPeterBiehl,JenniferFoster,LucindaHennings-Perry,JessicaHowe,BenKamphaus,Vita Milisauskas, Donald Pollock, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Roderick Salisbury, Tina Thurston, and Kevin Wiley for reading parts of the manuscript and making a number of helpful comments and suggestions. I am especially grateful to Marie-Lorraine Pipes, Kyle Somerville, Raymond Whitlow, and my Canadian colleague Peter Reid whose critiques of and suggestions for the entire book were especiallyvaluable.DonaldPollockmademyworkintheDepartmentofAnthropologymucheasier withhisassistance.IalsoexpressmythankstoKatherineChabalko,TeresaKrauss,andMorganRyan ofSpringerPressfortheirassistanceinproducingthisbook.MywifeVitaaidedmethroughoutmy archaeologicalcareer.Iamgratefulforhersupport,encouragement,andhelp. Buffalo,NewYork SarunasMilisauskas vii Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SarunasMilisauskas References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 HistoricalObservationsonEuropeanArchaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 SarunasMilisauskas References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 ThePresentEnvironment:AGeographicSummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 SarunasMilisauskas Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Climates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Biogeography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 SomeImplicationsforHumanOccupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4 TheLowerandMiddlePaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 MichaelJochim IceAgeEurope:ChronologyandEnvironment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 TheGeologicalRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 TheDeepSeaRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 TheEarlyEuropeans:TheBiologicalRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 TheEarlyEuropeans:TheBiologicalBackground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TheFirstEuropeans:Homoerectus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 LaterFormsandtheEmergenceofNeanderthals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 SitesandFindspots:TheArchaeologicalRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 TheLowerPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 SpotlightonTwoSites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Bilzingsleben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 TerraAmata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 LowerPaleolithicStoneToolsandTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 UseofOtherMaterialsintheLowerPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 LowerPaleolithicSubsistenceandBehavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 TheMiddlePaleolithic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 SpotlightonTwoSites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 LaBorde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Salzgitter-Lebenstedt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 ix x Contents MiddlePaleolithicStoneToolsandTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 UseofOtherMaterialsintheMiddlePaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 MiddlePaleolithicSusbsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ScavengingorHunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 FoodProcurementandProcessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 TheQuestionofCannibalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 MiddlePaleolithicSiteOrganizationandSettlementPatterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 MiddlePaleolithicMovementandExchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Burials,Rituals,andArtintheMiddlePaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5 TheUpperPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 MichaelJochim TheTransitiontotheUpperPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ASimpleVersionoftheTransitiontotheUpperPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 TheSkeletalEvidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 TheDNAEvidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 TheArchaeologicalEvidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 TheAurignacian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 OtherEuropeanArchaeologicalEvidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 SummaryoftheTransitiontotheUpperPaleolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 EarlyUpperPaleolithicSubsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 EarlyUpperPaleolithicSettlementandExchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 TheDevelopedEarlyUpperPaleolithic:TheGravettian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 SpotlightonaGravettianSite:PavlovI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 GravettianTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 GravettianSubsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 GravettianSettlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 GravettianExchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 GravettianArtandOrnament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 GravettianBurials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 EuropeDuringtheLastGlacialMaximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 WesternEurope:TheSolutrean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 SpotlightonaSolutreanSite:Solutré . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 SolutreanSubsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SolutreanRegionalInteraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 SolutreanArt,Ornaments,andRitual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 SouthernandSoutheasternEurope:TheEpigravettian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ResponsestotheGlacialMaximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 TheLateGlacialPeriod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 WesternEurope:TheMagdalenian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 SpotlightonaMagdalenianSite:Verberie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 MagdalenianSubsistenceEconomies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 MagdalenianSettlementandMigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 MagdalenianExchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 MagdalenianPortableArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 MagdalenianCaveArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 MagdalenianRitualandSanctuaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Contents xi MagdalenianBurials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 ComplexityintheMagdalenianoftheSouth-West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 SouthernEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 EasternEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 SpotlightonaSite:Mezhirich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 ComplexityontheRussianPlain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 NorthernEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 SummaryoftheUpperPaleolithic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 6 TheMesolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 MichaelJochim Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 PostglacialEnvironmentalChanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 TheArchaeologicalRecord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 TheEarlyMesolithic(10300–8000/7500BP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 EarlyMesolithicTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 SpotlightonaSite:SvaerdborgII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 EarlyMesolithicSubsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 EarlyMesolithicSettlement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 EarlyMesolithicExchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 EarlyMesolithicBurials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 EarlyMesolithicArtandOrnaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 EarlyMesolithicSummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 TheLateMesolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 LateMesolithicTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 SpotlightonaSite:VaengetNord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 SpotlightonaVeryDifferentSite:LepenskiVir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 LateMesolithicSubsistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 LateMesolithicSettlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 LateMesolithicExchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 LateMesolithicArtandOrnaments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 LateMesolithicBurials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 SummaryoftheMesolithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 7 EarlyNeolithic,theFirstFarmersinEurope,7000–5500/5000BC . . . . . . . . . . . 153 SarunasMilisauskas IntroductiontotheNeolithic:ChronologyandTrends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 TheOriginsandSpreadofFarminginEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 TheProblemofaPrepotteryNeolithicinEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 TheTransitiontoFarminginCentralEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 TheEarliestFarmersintheAlpineZone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 TheTransitiontoFarmingalongtheAtlanticCoastofEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 RelationshipofFarmerstoHuntersandGatherers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 SubsistenceStrategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 CentralEurope:TheLinearPottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 MilkandCheeseProduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 SettlementOrganization–Household,Individual,Settlement,andRegionalSystem . . . 179

European Prehistory: A Survey PDF

498 Pages·2011·19.044 MB·English

by Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.)

Checking for file health...

Save to my drive

Quick download

Download

Download European Prehistory: A Survey PDF Free - Full Version

by Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.)| 2011| 498 pages| 19.044| English

Download European Prehistory: A Survey by Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.) in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About European Prehistory: A Survey

No description available for this book.

Detailed Information

Author:	Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.)
Publication Year:	2011
ISBN:	9781441966339
Pages:	498
Language:	English
File Size:	19.044
Format:	PDF
Price:	FREE

Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free European Prehistory: A Survey Download?

100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download European Prehistory: A Survey PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download European Prehistory: A Survey by Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.) completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read European Prehistory: A Survey on my mobile device?

After downloading European Prehistory: A Survey PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of European Prehistory: A Survey?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of European Prehistory: A Survey by Sarunas Milisauskas (auth.), Sarunas Milisauskas (eds.). You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download European Prehistory: A Survey PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.