Table Of ContentEurope and China in the Cold War
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New Perspectives on the Cold War
Series Editors
Jussi M. Hanhimäki (Graduate Institute Geneva)
Marco Wyss (Lancaster University)
volume 6
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/npcw
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Europe and China in the Cold War
Exchanges Beyond the Bloc Logic and
the Sino-Soviet Split
Edited by
Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl
Marco Wyss
Valeria Zanier
leiden | boston
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Cover illustration: Poster ‘Broadcast Mao Zedong Thought more widespread all over the world’, Rudong
County Worker-Peasant-Soldier Art Study Class collective work, June 1971. Publisher: Jiangsu renmin
chubanshe.
Source: International Institute of Social History (IISH) / Stefan R. Landsberger Collections; the private
collection of Professor Stefan Landsberger.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Schaufelbuehl, Janick Marina, editor. | Wyss, Marco, editor. | Zanier,
Valeria, editor.
Title: Europe and China in the Cold War : Exchanges Beyond the Bloc Logic and
the Sino-Soviet Split / Edited by Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl, Marco Wyss,
Valeria Zanier.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2019] | Series: New perspectives on
the cold war, ISSN 2452-2260 ; volume 6 | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018044335 (print) | LCCN 2018047540 (ebook) | ISBN
9789004388123 (e-book) | ISBN 9789004385597 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Europe--Relations--China. | China--Relations--Europe. |
Europe--History--1945- | China--History--1949- | Cold War.
Classification: LCC D1065.C5 (ebook) | LCC D1065.C5 E87 2019 (print) | DDC
303.48/2405109045--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018044335
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISSN 2452-2260
ISBN 978-90-04-38559-7 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-38812-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi,
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This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
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Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Notes on Contributors viii
Europe and China in the Cold War: Exchanges Beyond the
Bloc Logic and the Sino-Soviet Split 1
Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl, Marco Wyss and Valeria Zanier
Part 1
Unexplored Relations between Western Europe and China
1 Austria and China, 1949–1989: a Slow Rapprochement 19
Maximilian Graf and Wolfgang Mueller
2 Small Country – Great Importance: Switzerland and the Chinese
Presence in Europe during the 1950s and 1960s 42
Ariane Knüsel
3 Greece and the People’s Republic of China in the Cold War,
1972–1989 62
Dionysios Chourchoulis
Part 2
Transnational Networks, Propaganda, and People-to-People
Relations
4 Unconditional Followers of the PRC? Friendship Associations with
China in France and Switzerland, 1950s–1980s 87
Cyril Cordoba and Liu Kaixuan
5 China’s Communist Youth League, Transnational Networks and Sino–
European Interactions in the Early Cold War 108
Sofia Graziani
6 History and Memory: Italian Communists’ Views of the Chinese
Communist Party and the PRC During the Early Cold War 134
Guido Samarani
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vi Contents
7 Everyday Propaganda: the Leftist Press and Sino-British Relations in
Hong Kong, 1952–1967 151
Chi-kwan Mark
Part 3
Eastern Europe and China: National Interests and Ideology
8 ‘Our friendship is longer than the river Yangtze and higher than the
Tatra Mountains’: Sino-Czechoslovak Trade in the 1950s 175
Jan Adamec
9 Chipolbrok – Continuity in Times of Change: Sino-Polish Relations
during the Cold War, 1949–1969 192
Margaret K. Gnoinska
10 Learning from the Chinese People’s Liberation Army: the Mass Line in
the German Democratic Republic’s National People’s Army 212
Chen Tao
Index 237
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Acknowledgments
Original versions of most of the chapters in this volume were presented at
a conference organised at the University of Lausanne in November 2016 en-
titled ‘The Smaller European Powers and China in the Cold War, 1949–1989’.
We the editors would thus like to thank Sandra Bott and Claude Hauser for
co-organising this conference, and Sabina Widmer and Magnus Meister for
their administrative and logistical support. We would also like to extend our
gratitude to the Swiss National Science Foundation, the University of Fribourg
(Département des sciences historiques), and the University of Lausanne (In-
stitut d’études politiques, historiques et internationales, IEPHI) for their gen-
erous financial support to the conference. Last but not least, we would like
to thank Sara Elin Roberts for her careful and professional copyediting of the
manuscript.
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Notes on Contributors
Jan Adamec
(MA, PhD) studied History and Political Science at the Philosophical Faculty of
the Charles University in Prague and History at the Central European Universi-
ty in Budapest. In 2016, he defended his doctoral dissertation entitled ‘ Hungary,
1956: From the Reform of Socialism to National Uprising’ at the Institute of
World History at the Charles University. His research interests are Hungarian
history in the years 1953–1957, the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s, and the
foreign policy of Czechoslovakia between 1953 and 1968. Currently, he is a Lec-
turer at the College of Journalism in Prague. In 2013–2017, he was the editor of
the Czech section of the online magazine Visegradrevue.eu. He now runs the
online magazine on the Cold War, Praguecoldwar.cz. He frequently publishes
on history in Czech media, such as in the weekly newspaper Respekt or the dai-
ly newspaper Lidové noviny, and contributes to Czech Radio programs.
Chen Tao
is Assistant Professor at the Institute for German Studies, Tongji University in
Shanghai. He holds a Ph.D. in history from the Center for Cold War Studies at
East China Normal University (2014), and was a Research Fellow at the Uni-
versity of Göttingen, Institut für Zeitgeschichte Berlin, and Taipei’s National
Chengchi University. He has written many articles on Sino-German Relations
during the Cold War, including ‘An Anti-Revisionist United Front? The Beijing-
Pyongyang Axis in the Communist Movement of the Early 1960s’ (2017), ‘The
KPC-SED Strife during the 6th Party Congress of the SED’ (2015), and ‘The East
German Factor during the Establishment of Sino-West German Diplomatic Re-
lations’ (2013). Dr Chen’s current research focuses on Sino-German/European
relations since 1945, and thereby incorporates both top-down and bottom-up
perspectives.
Dionysios Chourchoulis
is Lecturer in Greek History at the Hellenic Open University and adjunct Lec-
turer in History of International Relations at the Ionian University. He holds a
PhD from the Department of History, Queen Mary University of London. His
doctoral dissertation on the Southern Flank of NATO in the 1950s was published
by Lexington Books as The Southern Flank of NATO, 1951–1959: Military Strategy
or Political Stabilization. His academic interests include the history of interna-
tional relations and broader security with a special focus on the B alkans, the
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Notes on Contributors ix
eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Chourchoulis has also p ublished
the monograph Themistocles Sofoulis. A Political Biography (Athens: Hellenic
Parliament Foundation, 2014 [in Greek]), as well as academic articles and
chapters in edited volumes especially focusing on NATO strategy.
Cyril Cordoba
is a PhD student at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). His dissertation
analyses the cultural diplomacy, the transnational exchanges and the political
organizations in action between the People’s Republic of China and Switzer-
land from 1949 to 1989. His research focuses on the relations between culture
and politics during the Cold War.
Margaret K. Gnoinska
is Associate Professor of History at Troy University. She received her PhD
from The George Washington University. She is a Fulbright Scholar and Boren
NSEP Fellow. Her research focuses on the effects of the Sino-Soviet split on
the relations between Eastern Europe and East Asia during the Cold War, and
international peacekeeping on the Korean Peninsula and in Indochina. Her
publications include: ‘Promoting the “China Way” of communism in Poland
and beyond during the Sino-Soviet Split: the case of Kazimierz Mijal’, Cold War
History (2017); ‘“Socialist friends should help each other in crises”: Sino-Polish
relations within the Cold War dynamics, 1980–1987’, Cold War History, 17, no. 2
(2016): 143–159; and ‘Relations between Poland and China in Light of the 1956
Events, the Sino-Soviet Split, and Peacekeeping Efforts in Asia (1950–1970)’, in
New Sources, New Findings: The Relationships between China, the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe, edited by Huang Lifu, Peter Vamos, and Li Rui, 267–300
(Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2014).
Maximilian Graf
is a research associate at the European University Institute in Florence. He
specializes in Cold War studies and the history of communism. Graf’s most
recent publications include his first book on Austrian–East German relations
during the Cold War: Österreich und die DDR 1949–1990. Politik und Wirtschaft
im Schatten der deutschen Teilung (Vienna: ÖAW, 2016), which received the
best publication award of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 2017; the edited
volumes Franz Marek. Beruf und Berufung Kommunist. Lebenserinnerungen
und Schlüsseltexte (Vienna: Mandelbaum, 2017); and Europa und die deutsche
Einheit. Beobachtungen, Entscheidungen und Folgen (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck
& Ruprecht, 2017).
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