Table Of ContentPROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
110(2):256-262. 1997.
Eunephrops luckhursti, a new deep-sea lobster from Bermuda
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae)
Raymond B. Manning
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. Eunephrops luckhursti, the fourth species of the genus, is de-
m
scribed from material trapped at depths of about 800 off Bermuda. It resem-
bles E. cadenasi Chace, from the Bahamas and Caribbean Sea, in having a
median carina on the second to fifth abdominal somites, but differs in having
much shorter scaphocerites, more acute pleura on the abdominal somites, and
in color in life.
The species named below was taken dur- postorbital carapace length; cm, centime-
ing exploratory trapping operations in deep ters; fm, fathoms; m, meters; mm, milli-
water off Bermuda conducted by John P. meters; MXP3, third maxilliped; PI-5, per-
(Sean) Ingham, Pathfinder Fisheries Ltd., eopods (Pl-3 are chelate, PI is the major
and Brian Luckhurst, of the Division of cheliped, P4-5 are walking legs); sta, sta-
Fisheries, Bermuda. William McCallan, an- tion; tl, total length, measured from tip of
other local fisherman using deep water rostrum to posterior margin of telson. All
traps, has been documenting and studying measurements are in millimeters.
the catches from these traps since 1984.
The traps used off Bermuda are described
in Luckhurst (1986:209): "The traps used Family Nephropidae Dana, 1852
Subfamily Nephropinae Dana, 1852
for this exploratory fishing are Antillian
(sic) arrowhead traps of the type presently Eunephrops Smith, 1885
employed for catching reef fish and spiny Eunephrops luckhursti, new species
lobsters in inshore waters. Several different Figs. 1, 2, 3a, b, 4
trap sizes have been tested ranging in size —
from 3 X 3 X 1.5 feet (91 X 91 X 46 cm) Type material. Holotype: OffBermuda,
to 8 X 8 X 4 feet (244 X 244 X 122 cm) 32°14.55'N, 64°47.74'W, depth 450 fm
... The traps are constructed of 2 inch (5 (824 m), leg. S. Imngmha(m,UScrNaMb trap, 18 Feb
cm) hexagonal mesh wire, either galvanized 1991: 1 $, cl 51 284136).
or vinyl coated. The frames are made prin- Paratypes: Off south shore of Bermuda,
cipally of steel reinforcing rod with some depth 820 m, S. Ingham sta 7, 7 Dec 1991:
stick supports. Traps are baited with various 1 (J, cl 57 mm (BNHM 1991-090-012).—
chopped reef fish ... The traps have been Off Bermuda, 1992, no other data: 3 $ 9,
fished over a wide depth range to the west cl 39 and 54 mm (USNM 284137) and cl
mm
and south of the Bermuda platform." 44 (BNH—M).
Types are deposited in the National Mu- Diagnosis. Carapace lacking submedi-
seum of Natural History, Smithsonian In- an postcervical spines. A2 peduncle with
stitution (USNM) and the Bermuda Natural outer spine at base of scaphocerite. Scapho-
History Museum (BNHM). cerite minute, extending to or barely over-
Abbreviations used in the account below reaching base of penultimate segment of
include: Al, antennule; A2, antenna; cl, A2. P2 and P3 with fingers about V^-Va as
VOLUME NUMBER
110, 2 257
long as palm. Abdominal somites 2-6 each shorter than palm, shorter than fixed finger.
with longitudina—l median carina dorsally. Cutting edge of chela evenly tuberculate or
Description. Rostrum extending be- with some larger teeth and smaller, uniform
yond end of antennular peduncle. Lower tubercles. Carpus about half as long as che-
margin of rostrum unarmed, appearing la (measured dorsally), with 2 rows of
smooth, with few, very low, serrations vis- spines on outer face, distalmost spines larg-
ible only under magnification. Anterior pair est; dorsal surface with low row of rounded
of lateral rostral teeth larger than and di- spines; upper, inner margin sparsely spined,
rected more anterolaterally than posterior distalmost largest of all spines on carpus;
pair. Postsupraorbital spines smaller than lower margin with single row of spines;
supraorbital, 1 placed behind each supra- other spines of various sizes placed on sur-
orbital, both situated anterior to small post- face and distal margin. Merus as long as
orbital and small postantennal spines. Su- palm (measured on outer edge), inner and
praorbital ridge absent. Postcervical spines outer edges each with irregular row of
absent. Carapace covered with tubercles, spines, each with distal tooth.
larger anteriorly; surface sparsely pubescent P2 extending beyond rostrum with chela.
between tubercles. Fingers about Vz-Va palm length. Carpus
First abdominal somite with shallow, twice as long as dactylus. Merus more than
transverse groove. Anterolateral angle of twice as long as carpus.
pleuron acute, sharp but not spiniform. Ab- P3 extending beyond rostrum with chela
dominal somites 2-6 each with longitudinal and distal part of palm. Fingers about Vi-lA
median carina dorsally. Longitudinal palm length. Carpus about 3A as long as
groove over bases of pleura faint. Pleura of palm and half as long as merus, latter as
somites 3-6 acute, forming sharp point. long as chela.
Telson longer than wide, lateral margins P4 extending beyond rostrum with dac-
bulging slightly near midlength, tuberculate tylus. Carpus about twice as long as dac-
there. Posterolateral spines strong. tylus. Merus twice as long as carpus.
Scaphocerite minute, barely extending to P5 short but overreaching penultimate
or overreaching base of penultimate seg- segment of A2 peduncle.
ment of A2 peduncle. Apex usually round- In both sexes, sternite of P2 ending in
ed, rarely acute. Larger spine present on A2 narrow, acute, bifid process, sharper in
peduncle at base of scaphocerite. males; sternites of P3 and P4 wider, longer,
MXP3
extending about to end of ros- and rounded.
trum. Merus and carpus each with blunt, Gonopod as figured.
—
lower distal spine, that of merus larger. Color (Fig. 4). Carapace, Al and A2
Major chelipeds (PI) very strong, heavy, peduncles, and chelipeds almost uniform
subequal, longer than carapace and rostrum red. Al and A2 flagellae pink proximally,
combined, extending beyond rostrum with beige or clear distally. Ischium and basal
distal part of merus. Chela length about 3 part of merus of P2-5 red, carpus and prop-
times width; lateral surfaces with broad lon- odus clear, extremities pink. Ridges on ab-
gitudinal carina formed by tubercles, dis- dominal somites, telson, and uropods red,
talmost on inner surface largest, each carina uropodal setae cle—ar.
mm
bordered by upper and lower shallow, lon- Measurements. Male, cl 57 (cl plus
gitudinal depressions. Upper margin of rostrum 81 mm; tl 170 mm); females, cl 39,
mm
palm formed by single carina, irregularly 44, 51, and 54 (cl plus rostrum 55, 57,
tuberculate, lower margin bicarinate to 70, and about 63 mm, respectively; tl 11.7,
about middle of fixed finger. All carinae or- 12.5, 15, ca. 15 cm, respectively). The larg-
mm
namented with large and small blunt spines. est specimen, the male, is 170 long;
Dactylus tuberculate dorsally, slightly other measurements of largest male: P2
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 1. Eunephrops luckhursti, new species, female holotype, cl 51 mm. Dorsal view.
—
palm length 24.2 mm, movable finger Distribution. Known only from Ber-
length 6.9 mm; P3 palm length 25.8 mm, muda in depths of 800-824 m.
—
movable finger length 5.9 mm. Etymology. Named for Brian Luck-
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110, 2 259
Fig. 2. Eunephrops luckhursti, new species, a-f, Female holotype, cl 51 mm; g, Male paratype, cl 57 mm.
a, Chela; b, P2; c, P3; d, P4, e, P5;f, Tail fan; g, Gonopod. (Setae omitted).
hurst, a fishery scientist with the Bermuda cerites (Fig. 3b, E. luckhursti; 3d, E. cad-
Division of Fisheries, whose interest in ex- enasi) and in color as well (see below). Eu-
ploratory deep trapping off Bermuda led to nephrops luckhursti is a smoother species
the discovery of this species. Other species than E. cadenasi, with much smaller tuber-
taken in these trapping operations off Ber- cles on the carapace and chelipeds; the spi-
muda are reported in Luckhurst (1986) and nulation of the major chelae is much less
&
Manning Holthuis (1986), and Luckhurst pronounced than in E. cadenasi. The pleura
&
Manning (pers comm). of abdominal somites 2-6 are acute and
—
Remarks. The species of Eunephrops more pointed in E. luckhursti (Fig. 3a) than
are all known from localities in the north- in E. cadenasi (Fig. 3c).
western Atlantic. Eunephrops luckhursti is The color of E. luckhursti is quite differ-
the fourth species of Eunephrops to be rec- ent from that of E. cadenasi (see Paulmier
ognized. It agrees with E. cadenasi Chace, 1993:pl. 24; Poupin 1994:pl. 2a,b). In E.
1939, and differs from both E. bairdii cadenasi the chelipeds and abdominal ridg-
Smith, 1885 and E. manningi Holthuis, es are primarily beige or yellow; the cara-
1974, in having a distinct median carina on pace is marked with yellow anteriorly; and
abdominal somites 2-5. It also differs from the walking legs are clear or beige proxi-
E. cadenasi in having much shorter scapho- mally, red distally. In E. luckhursti the car-
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 3. a, c, Outline of abdominal pleura 2-5 in lateral view; b, d, Basal segment of antenna in oblique
dorsal view to show antennal scale (indicated by arrow), a, b, Eunephrops luckhursti, new species, female
holotype, cl 51 mm; c, d, E. cadenasi Chace, ovigerous female, cl 66 mm, Caribbean Sea, USNM 170675.
apace, chelipeds, and abdominal ridges are chelae have enlarged teeth as well as evenly
red (Fig. 4). spaced smaller ones.
The five known specimens of E. luck- The length of the fingers and palm of
hursti are somewhat smaller than those of both P2 of all available specimens of E.
E. cadenasi, the largest specimen having a luckhursti (n = 5 specimens, 9 legs) and E.
total length of 170 mm, a carapace length cadenasi (n = 8 specimens, 13 legs) were
(including rostrum) of 81 mm. The holo- measured. In E. luckhursti the propodus
mm
type of E. cadenasi is 224 long (Chace ranged from 3.1 to 3.8 times as long as the
1939). Holthuis (1974) reported males with dactylus (mean 3.4 times). In E. cadenasi
carapace lengths (including rostrum) of 46 ranged from 2.9 to 3.9 times as long as the
to 135 mm, with the carapace lengths of dactylus (mean 3.5 times). These two spe-
females somewhat smaller, 40 and 50 mm. cies and E. manningi cannot be separated
Paulmier (1993) recorded a specimen 490 using this feature, but it can be used to dis-
mm
long; that specimen has a carapace tinguish all three of these species from E.
length of 110 mm. Poupin (1994) reported bairdii.
specimens with a carapace length (includ- The depth ranges of E. luckhursti and E.
ing rostrum) of 39 to 116 mm. cadenasi are similar, the former having
The smallest female, cl 39 mm, has an been taken in depths around 800 m, the lat-
extra rostral spine on the right side, both ter in slightly shallower water. The holotype
scaphocerites very small and rounded, and ofE. cadenasi was taken at a depth of 300-
both major chelae evenly toothed. The fe- 315 fm (549-576 m), the allotype at 250
mm
male with cl 44 has the rostrum bifid fm (458 m) (Chace 1939). Holthuis (1974)
at the apex and the left scaphocerite longer noted that E. cadenasi had been taken in
than the right, extending about to the mid- depths between 373-434 and 591 m. Paul-
dle of the penultimate segment of the pe- mier (1993) suggested that its optimal depth
duncle. The largest female, cl 54 mm, has was below 450 m, and Poupin (1994) stud-
a broken rostrum; the scaphocerite is round- ied one lot taken at 607 m. Specimens of
USNM
ed on one side, pointed on the other; both E. cadenasi in the collections were
VOLUME NUMBER
110, 2 261
Fig. 4. Eunephrops luckhursti, new species. Female holotype, cl 51 mm. Off Bermuda. Color in life. Photo
by Brian Luckhurst.
taken in depths of 275 to 340-380 fm (503 317 fm (580 m); USNM 170675, ovigerous
to 622-695 m). female, cl 66.4 mm, northeast of St. Kitts,
USNM
Material of E. luckhursti was compared depth 344 fm (630 m); 170676,
directly with the following specimens of E. male, cl 53.6 mm, north of St. Kitts, depth
USNM
cadenasi from the Leeward Islands in the 365 fm (668 m); 170677, male, cl
USNM collections: USNM 170673, female, 78.5 mm, off Dominica, depth 275 fm (503
cl 65.3 mm, west of St. Martin, depth 360 m); USNM 170678, female, cl 85.9 east of
fm (659 m); USNM 170674, ovigerous fe- St. Kitts, depth 350-370 fm (641-677 m);
male, cl 76.3 mm, northeast of Nevis, depth USNM 170679, 2 females, cl 57.9 and 89.9
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
mm, north of St. Kitts, depth 340-380 fm Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port,
(622-695 m). Florida, a facility of the National Museum
of Natural History. This is contribution 418
Key to Species of Eunephrops from that facility. This is contribution No.
(modified from Holthuis 1974) 8, Bermuda Biodiversity Project (BBP),
Bermuda Aquarium, Natural History Mu-
1. Carapace with submedian postcervical seum and Zoo.
spines. No spine present on antennal pe-
duncle at base of scaphocerite. P2 with
Literature Cited
fingers slightly less than half length of
palm E. bairdii Chace, E A., Jr. 1939. Preliminary descriptions ofone
— Carapace lacking postcervical spines. A new genus and seventeen new species of deca-
spine present on antennal peduncle at pod and stomatopod Crustacea. Reports on the
base of scaphocerite. P2 with fingers less scientific results of the first Atlantis Expedition
than % length of palm 2 to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of
2. Abdominal somites 2-5 with single the U—niversity of Havana and Harvard Univer-
sity. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de His-
transverse groove, lacking distinct me-
toria Natural 13(l):31-54.
dian carina E. manningi Holthuis, L. B. 1974. The lobsters of the superfamily
— Abdominal somites 2-5 with distinct Nephropidea of the Atlantic Ocean.—Biologi-
median carina 3 cal Results of the Uni—versity of Miami Deep-
3. Scaphocerite pointed anteriorly, long, Sea Expeditions, 106. Bulletin ofMarine Sci-
extending to base ofultimate segment of ence 24(4):723-884.
antennal peduncle. Pleura of abdominal Luckhurst, B. 1986. Discovery of—deep-water crabs
somites rounded E. cadenasi (Geryon spp.) at—Bermuda a new potential
— Scaphocerite usually rounded anteriorly, fishery resource. Proceedings of the Thirty-
Seventh Annual Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries
short, not extending to middle of penul-
Institute, Cancun, Mexico, November 1994:
timate segment of antennal peduncle.
209-211.
Pleura of abdominal somites pointed &
Manning, R. B., L. B. Holthuis. 1986. Notes on
E. luckhursti, new species Geryon from Bermuda, with the description of
Geryon inghami, new species (Crustacea: De-
—
capoda: Geryonidae). Proceedings of the Bi-
Acknowledgments ological Society of Washington 99:366-373.
Paulmier, G. 1993. Crustaces profondes captures aux
—
I thank John P. (Sean) Ingham, William casiers aux Antilles francaises. Catalogue de
McCallan, Brian Luckhurst, and Lisa lTnstitut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploi-
Greene, Bermuda Museum of Natural His- tation de la Mer (IFREMER), February 1993:
1-34.
tory, for their help in the field and for mak- Poupin, J. 1994. Faune marine profonde des Antilles
ing these specimens available for study. Francaises. Recoltes du Navire Polka faites en
ORSTOM
Brian Luckhurst provided color photo- 1993. Paris, Editions, CollectionEtu-
graphs of E. luckhursti. The line drawings des et Theses, 79 pp., colored pis. 1-5.
were prepared by Lilly King Manning. My Smith, S. I. 1885. Description of a n—ew crustacean
allied to Homarus and Nephrops. Proceedings
studies on the systematics of western At- of the United States National Museum 8:167-
lantic lobsters have been supported by the 170.
