Table Of ContentFIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENREN98
7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
ORGANIZED BY:
UNIVERSITY OF ROME "TOR VERGATA", FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ITALY
and
MONGOLIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, MONGOLIA
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
AND
RENEWABLE ENERGY
EDITORS:
Renato Gavasci
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa
Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
ENREN'98
Proceedings of the First International Conference on
"Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy"
7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1998
ELSEVIER
Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Proceedings of the First International Conference on "Environmental Engineering and Renewable
Energy", 7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
EDITORS:
Renato Gavasci Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Sanitary Engineering
University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Mongolian Technical University
Via di Tor Vergata Baga Toiruu, 34
00133 Rome Ulaanbaatar, 210646
ITALY MONGOLIA
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Published by
ELSEVIER SCIENCE Ltd
The Boulevard, Langford Lane
Kidlington, Oxford 0X5 1GB, U.K
Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers.
First edition 1998
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record from the Library of Congress has been applied for.
British Library of Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record from the Library of Congress has been applied for.
ISBN: 0 08 0430 066
This book has been printed by the support of:
Italian Ministry of University, Scientific and Technological Research
National Research Council - CNR, Italy
Italian National Agency for New Technology, Energy and the Environment - ENEA, Italy
The Editors do not assume any responsibility to the contents of the papers published in the foregoing
proceedings. The responsibility is solely of the respective authors.
Printed in Rome, Italy, by Graflca'86
July, 1998
We acknowledge the courtesy of Prof. Ch. Dagshigdorj for Mongolian classic script "Environmental
Engineering and Renewable Energy" on the front cover.
ORGANIZED BY:
University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Mongolian Technical University
SPONSORED BY:
1
III
Italian Republic
Mongolia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division of
Ministry of Nature and the Environment,
Cultural Cooperation, Italy
Ministry of Infrastructure Development
Ministry of University, Scientific and
Technological Research, Italy Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Ministry of the Environment, Italy Institute for Renewable Energy
Ministry of Public Works, Italy Institute for Physics and Technology
Superior Council for Public Works, Italy
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy
University of Basilicata, Italy
University of Trieste, Italy
ANDIS - Italian National Association of
Sanitary Engineering
©
Italian National Agency for
Italian National Research Council
New Technology, Energy and
the Environment
CNR
UNESCO
/IHtalia Italian Airlines MIAT Mongolian Airlines
HONORARY COMMITTEE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
M. ENKHSAIKHAN Alessandro FINAZZI AGRÖ, Chairman
Prime Minister of Mongolia University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
D. NYAMDAVAA Sereeter BATMUNKH, Chairman
Minister of Infrastructure Development, Mongolia Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
Ts. ADYASUREN Chilhaajavyn AVDAI
Minister of Nature and the Environment, Mongolia
Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
Lamberto DINI B. CHADRA
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Italy Academy of Sciences, Mongolia
Edo RONCHI S. DORJKHAND
Minister of Environment, Italy Institute for Physics and Technology, Mongolia
Giovanni BERLINGUER Sonia M. Fontes MOREIRA
Minister of University, Scientific and Technological CONDER Governmental Co., Bahia, Brazil
Research, Italy Renato GAVASCI
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Paolo COSTA
Minister of Public Works, Italy Alfredo LIBERATORI
Committee for Environmental Sciences, CNR, Italy
Lucio BIANCO
M. LIGDEN
President, National Council of Research, CNR,
Institute for Renewable Energy, Mongolia
Italy
R. MERSKY
B. CHADRA
Widener University, USA
President, Academy of Sciences, Mongolia
Augusto PANÀ
Aurelio MISITI University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
President, Superior Council of Public Works Guglielmo SILVAGNI
Dendevin BAD ARCH University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Rector, Mongolian Technical University Giordano URBINI
Alessandro FINAZZIAGRÖ University ofPavia, Italy
Rector, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Juergen VEHLOW
Franco MACERI Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
Dean, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rome
"Tor Vergata", Italy ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Zagd BINDERIYA
Director, Civil Engineering School, Mongolian Donato ABRUZZESE, Chairman
Technical University, Mongolia University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Chimidyn DAGSHIGDORJ Sarantuyaa ZANDARYAA, Chairman
Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
Head, Architectural Department, Mongolian
Radnaa NAIDANDORJ
Technical University, Mongolia
Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
Kh. BEKHBAT
Ch. NATSAGDORJ
Ambassador of Mongolia in France
Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia
Aldo COLLEONI
Alessandra POLETTINI
Honorary Consul of Mongolia in Italy
University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy
Chuluuny BATJARGAL Barnasangiin PUREVSUREN
President, Mongolia-Italy Association Institute for Chemistry, M.A.S, Mongolia
Marina TESAURO
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Emanuele TOZZO
Committee for Engineering Sciences, CNR, Italy
A. TSOGT
Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Mongolia
PREFACE
This book contains the papers presented at the First International Conference on
Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in
September 1998. The main aim of the conference was to give an opportunity to scientists,
experts and researchers from different fields to convene to discuss environmental and energy
problems and to be informed about the state-of-art.
Today environmental protection is increasingly becoming a matter of a great concern all over
the world since the tendency towards the sustainable development is growing. The main
concept of the sustainable development is to fulfill the demand of today's generation ensuring
the needs for the next generations. Hence, sustainable development requires sound use and a
management of the environmental, research and development in technologies with low
environmental impact and a promotion of the use of renewable sources.
Renewable energies are the only environmentally benign sources of energy and available at
any site and any time of the year. Moreover, the utilization of renewable sources of energy
can contribute part to the increasing energy demand and advance the improvement of life
standards in rural areas, where it is difficult to establish a permanent connection with central
electricity systems. Application and adoption of emerging renewable energy technologies in
rural and remote areas cannot be successful without transfer of knowledge, information and
know-how.
Environmental engineering involves research and application of technologies to minimize the
undesirable impact on the environment. In recent years there has been a growing interest in
environmental engineering problems to focus on theoretical and experimental studies on
atmospheric pollution, water management and treatment, waste treatment, disposal and
management.
An important issue of this joint conference will certainly contribute a progress in scientific
and technical fields of environmental engineering and renewable energy, to represent a valid
basis for future research collaboration. A particular consideration is for the contributions,
which are printed in this Proceedings, from experts in different fields and from different
countries. The contributions are grouped into the sections: Sustainable Development and
Environmental Protection, Renewable Energy, Air Pollution Control, Water Management,
Water and Wastewater Treatment, and Solid and Hazardous Waste Management.
Editors are grateful to authors of the papers and to participants of the conference for their
cooperation and support. Moreover, our special thanks to all the members of the Scientific
Committee and the Organizing Committee for their help and cooperative work, which were
essential for the organization of the conference.
Finally, we are grateful to the University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Mongolian Technical
University, and other institutions for their encouragement and patronage to the conference.
The Editors
July 1998
iii
TOR VERGATA
The most important aim of University is to promote the
scientific research and to encourage the collaboration among
scientists and with the society at large, in order to make faster
the application of new technologies. The university core duty is
to stimulate the scientists, experts and technologists towards the
exploitation of technological application by research and
knowledge transfer.
In this line as the Rector of the University "Tor Vergata" of
Rome, I am happy that the cooperation between our university
and the Mongolian Technical University, which started two
years ago, brought about the organization of this interesting
meeting, involving scientists and experts from many countries of
the world.
This meeting gives an opportunity to people from different
fields and countries to gather together and to discuss
environmental problems. It is more significant nowadays since
the environmental problem is becoming one of the greatest
issues all around the world, both in industrialized and
developing countries.
I hope that this meeting will be the starting point for many new
collaborations in the near future.
Alessandro FINAZZI AGRO'
The Rector of the
University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
IV
MTU
It is a great honor for me to welcome you at "our" Conference in
Mongolia. The cooperation of the MTU and the University of
Rome "Tor Vergata" did not start by chance. Both Universities
have made a great effort to encourage the cooperation between
professors. This Flagship event of the mutual cooperation of both
universities is a product of the active involvement of specialists
from two countries.
The debate will aim to disclose the current state-of-art and to
project the trends for new developments in environmentally clean
technology and renewable energy, which will surpass the threshold
of the 21th century and lead the society in the future technology.
Sustainable development implies conserving the natural
environment while improving living standards for its human
inhabitants. However, over the last few decades, Mongolian
government aimed to undergo rapid modernization. The
industrialization brought to the untouched lands of Chinggis Khan
in 20th century was a milestone in the history of the Mongols.
Along with the growth of the national economy, the infrastructure,
one of its integral part has extensively developed, including health
care, education. Simultaneously, the by-products of economic
development, particularly pollution and urbanization, threaten the
integrity of the environment and the stability of social and cultural
institutions. Today, in transition to the market economy, we must
have a vision for sustainable development for the 21th century.
This includes ideas like appropriate technologies, business catalysis
and alternative technologies.
We hope that this Conference would contribute to the formulation
of the science and technology policy for the next millenium.
Dendevin BAD ARCH
The Rector of the
Mongolian Technical University
Solar Energy is a peaceful form of energy in its nature and
common wealth to all the planet population. Mongolia is one of
few countries the Government officially supported the decision
to provide power for almost all nomadic families using
Renewable Energy Sources. These nomads provide the main
sector of the national Economy with their livestock production.
The first step is to provide them with domestic electricity supply
for lighting, radio, TV set of nomadic families and rural
administrator centers by Renewable Energy.
Mongolia attributes great importance to environmental
protection and collaborates with other countries in the field of
Energy and Environmental planning for sustainable rural
development.
I hope that the First International Conference on Environmental
Engineering and Renewable Energy will help in decision of the
above issues, the enhancement of the scientific research in the
areas of renewable energy and education in this vital field of
Mongolia.
Prof. B. Chadraa
The President of the
Mongolian Academy of Sciences
First International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy, Mongolia, 7-10 September 1998
AN ATTEMPT FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
UTILIZATION OF OIL-SHALE IN MONGOLIA
B. Avid*, B. Purevsuren*, J. Dugarjav*
^Institute chemistry and chemical technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolia
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Oil-shales from 8 deposits in the central economic region of Mongolia were characterized
and carried out pyrolysis experiments on the basis of oil-shale samples. The oil-shale of Kh-
46-th ditch deposit was chosen as a best quality oil-shale with maxim yield of pitch (15 %)
and determined a optimum condition of it's pyrolysis (heating temperature-550 C and rate of
heating -137,0 C/min.). The yield of liquid fractions with different boiling temperature
interval and hard residue of pitch were obtained by using an air-distillation. These liquid
products can be used as a gasoline, diesel, oil materials and binding materials (bitumen like
hard residue), after isolation of organic bases, acids and phenolic compounds from each
fraction.
1 Introduction
Mongolia is rich in oil-shale and it locates about 312 thousand sq. km. areas. Only 20 % of
this area were investigated geologically and had done resource's evaluation.
Until nowadays there are not any suggestions and project for any kind of utilization for this
great resources in Mongolia.
Therefore our purpose was to characterize and to investigate the possibility of utilization by
pyrolysis. We have investigated samples of oil-shale from following deposits named: Ovdog
khooloin gashuun /OHG/, Bayanerkhet /BE/, Chagtsaliin Khudag /CK/, Nariin gol /NG/,
Ulaantolgoi /UT/, Khoot /Kh/, Zuun shavartin ovoo /ZS0/ and Beliin jas /BJ/
2 Experimental Procedure
The main technical specifications of oil-shale samples from above mentioned deposits were-
determined by method described in [4]. Pyrolysis of oil-shale carried out in a laboratory
retort at different temperature and rate of heating, /GOST 4168-66/.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 3
