Table Of ContentEnvironmental Applications of Microbial
Nanotechnology
Emerging Trends in Environmental Remediation
Environmental Applications
of Microbial Nanotechnology
Emerging Trends in Environmental Remediation
Edited by
Pardeep Singh
Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi,
New Delhi, India
Vijay Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
Mansi Bakshi
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of
Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, United States
Mika Sillanpa¨a¨
Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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List of contributors
Sangita Agarwal Department of Applied Science, RCC Development Division, Dey’s Medical Stores (Mfg.)
Institute of Information Technology, Beliaghata, Ltd.,Ballygunge,Kolkata,WestBengal,India
Kolkata,WestBengal,India
Somenath Das Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj
Ganesh Kumar Agrawal Research Laboratory for College,PurbaBardhaman,WestBengal,India
Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB),
Kamini Devi Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department
Kathmandu, Nepal; Global Research Arch for
ofBotanicalandEnvironmental Sciences,Guru Nanak
Developing Education (GRADE) Academy Pvt. Ltd.,
DevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India
Birgunj,Nepal
Vivek Dhand Department of Mechanical Design
K. Anuradha Department of Microbiology, Bhavan’s
Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu,
Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities &
Jeonnam,RepublicofKorea
Commerce,Sainikpuri,Hyderabad,Telangana,India
Palak Bakshi Department of Botany, School of Life Shailja Dhiman Amity Institute of Microbial
Sciences, University of Kashmir, Satellite Campus, Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida,
Kargil, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Plant UttarPradesh,India
Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Neha Dogra Department of Botany, Punjabi University,
Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Patiala,Punjab,India
Amritsar,Punjab,India
Sadhan Kumar Ghosh International Society of Waste
Kriti Bhardwaj Department of Zoology, University of Management, Air and Water (ISWMAW-IconSWM),
Allahabad,Prayagraj,UttarPradesh,India Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University,
Renu Bhardwaj Plant Stress Physiology Lab,
Kolkata,WestBengal,India
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences,
GuruNanakDevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India Arti Goel Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity
UniversityUttarPradesh,Noida,UttarPradesh,India
Tamanna Bhardwaj Plant Stress Physiology Lab,
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, K.J. Hemanth Kumar Vidyavardhaka College of
GuruNanakDevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India Engineering,Mysore,Karnataka,India
Bornita Bose Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity E. Janeeshma Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
University,Kolkata,WestBengal,India Division, Department of Botany, University of
Nalini Singh Chauhan Department of Zoology Guru Calicut,Malappuram,Kerala,India
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India; P.G
Prajwal Jayakumar BBMP, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
Department of Zoology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya,
India
Jalandhar,Punjab,India
Sandhya Jayakumar Managed Health Care, MOH,
Yong Chen School of Environmental Science and
BBMP,Bengaluru,Karnataka,India
Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China R. Jyothilakshmi M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru,Karnataka,India
Ankita Chowdhury Laboratory of Applied Stress
Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Kapinder Department of Zoology, University of
Banga,Malda,WestBengal,India Allahabad,Prayagraj,UttarPradesh,India
SoumendraDarbar Faculty Council ofScience, Jadavpur Jasleen Kaur Department of Botany, Dyal Singh
University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Research and College,UniversityofDelhi,Delhi,India
xiii
xiv Listofcontributors
Rupinder Kaur Department of Biotechnology, DAV Puja Ohri Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev
College,Amritsar,Punjab,India University,Amritsar,Punjab,India
Shruti Kaushik Department of Botany, Punjabi Harshata Pal Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity
University,Patiala,Punjab,India University,Kolkata,WestBengal,India
Suhail Ayoub Khan Department of Chemistry, Jamia Manisha Arora Pandit Department of Zoology, Kalindi
MilliaIslamia,NewDelhi,India College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi,
Tabrez Alam Khan Department of Chemistry, Jamia India
MilliaIslamia,NewDelhi,India
Sanjeet Kumar Paswan Department of Nanoscience and
Kanika Khanna Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi,
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Jharkhand,India
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India;
Sumangala Patil M. S. Engineering College, Bengaluru,
Department of Microbiology, DAV University,
Karnataka,India
Sarmastpur,Jalandhar,Punjab,India
Prabhurajeshwar Department of Studies in
Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Biotechnology, Davangere University, Shivagangothri,
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Davangere,Karnataka,India
GuruNanakDevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India
Ravindra Pratap Singh Department of Botany, Mata
Jaspreet Kour Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department GujriCollege,FatehgarhSahib,Punjab,India
ofBotanicalandEnvironmental Sciences,Guru Nanak
Abhay Punia Department of Zoology Guru Nanak
DevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India
Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India;
Shweena Krishnani Amity Institute of Microbial Department of Zoology, DAV University Jalandhar,
Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Punjab,India
UttarPradesh,India
Jos T. Puthur Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Lawrence Kumar Department of Nanoscience and Division, Department of Botany, University of
Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Calicut,Malappuram,Kerala,India
Jharkhand,India
Randeep Rakwal Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences,
Pawan Kumar Department of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityofTsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan
CentralUniversity,Motihari,Bihar,India
Deeksha Ranjan Department of Applied Sciences and
Vikas Kumar Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, RamaUniversity,Kanpur,UttarPradesh,India
India
Somani Chandrika Rath Amity Institute of Microbial
S. Chaitanya Kumari Department of Microbiology, Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida,
Bhavan’s Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities UttarPradesh,India
&Commerce,Sainikpuri,Hyderabad,Telangana,India
NiharikaRishi AmityInstituteofMicrobialTechnology,
Isha Madaan Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
Patiala,Punjab,India India
Bilal Ahmad Mir Department of Botany, School of Life P.P. Sameena Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Sciences, University of Kashmir, Satellite Campus, Division, Department of Botany, University of
Kargil,Ladakh,JammuandKashmir,India Calicut,Malappuram,Kerala,India
Arpan Mukherjee Institute of Environment and Abhijit Sarkar Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology,
Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga,
Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India Malda,WestBengal,India
Poulami Mukhopadhyay Post Graduate Department of Sutripta Sarkar Post Graduate Department of Food &
Microbiology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath Nutrition, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath
College (Affiliated to West Bengal State University), College (Affiliated to West Bengal State University),
Kolkata,WestBengal,India Kolkata,WestBengal,India
H.M. Navya Department of Studies in Biotechnology, J. Patel Seema Department of Studies in Biotechnology,
Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere,
Karnataka,India Karnataka,India
Listofcontributors xv
Steplinpaulselvin Selvinsimpson School of Environmental D. Srividya Department of Studies in Biotechnology,
Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere,
ScienceandTechnology,Wuhan,P.R.China Karnataka,India
Ashutosh Sharma Faulty of Agricultural Sciences, DAV Unsha Tabrez Chegg India Pvt. Ltd., Jasola, New Delhi,
University,Jalandhar,Punjab,India India
Nandni Sharma Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Tarkeshwar Department of Zoology, Kalindi College,
DevUniversity,Amritsar,Punjab,India UniversityofDelhi,NewDelhi,NewDelhi,India
Pooja Sharma Department of Microbiology, DAV Pratik V. Tawade Department of Chemical Engineering,
University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India; Plant Stress Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai,
Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and TamilNadu,India
Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,
Ajit Varma Amity Institute of Microbial Technology,
Amritsar,Punjab,India
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
Ram Kishore Singh Department of Nanoscience and India
Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi,
Kailas L. Wasewar Advance Separation and Analytical
Jharkhand,India
Laboratory (ASAL), Department of Chemical
Shobha Singh Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of
Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Technology(VNIT),Nagpur,Maharashtra,India
Jharkhand,India
RachnaYadav Amity InstituteofMicrobialTechnology,
Vijay Singh Department of Botany, Mata Gujri College, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh,
FatehgarhSahib,Punjab,India India
Geetika Sirhindi Department of Botany, Punjabi
University,Patiala,Punjab,India
Contents
Listofcontributors xiii 1.8 Safetyassessmentofessentialoils 9
Abouttheeditors xvii 1.9 Conclusionandfutureprospective 11
Preface xix Acknowledgments 11
References 11
Part 1
Applications of microbial 2. Microbial nanobionics:
future perspectives and innovative
nanotechnology for environmental
approach to nanotechnology 17
remediation
ShweenaKrishnani,RachnaYadav,
1. Nanotechnology as sustainable strategy NiharikaRishiandArtiGoel
for remediation of soil contaminants,
2.1 Introduction 17
air pollutants, and mitigation of 2.1.1 Biosynthesisofmicrobial
food biodeterioration 3 nanoparticles 17
2.1.2 Typesofmicrobialnanoparticles 18
SomenathDasandArpanMukherjee
2.1.3 Endophyticmicrobesasnanoparticle
1.1 Introduction 3 biofactories 20
1.2 Useofnanoparticleforsoilandwater 2.2 Futurerecommendationsandapplications
purification/remediation 4 ofmicrobialnanoparticles 21
1.2.1 Adsorbentprocess 4 2.2.1 Agricultureandfoodsector 21
1.2.2 Membranebasedprocess 4 2.2.2 Stemcelltherapy 24
1.2.3 Photocatalysisandantimicrobial 2.2.3 COVID19:facemaskandgloves 26
NPs 4 2.2.4 Infectiousdiseasesandmicrobial
1.3 Nanotechnologyinheavymetals(HMs) nanotechnologyapproach 26
removal 5 2.2.5 Actionofmicrobialnanoparticlesin
1.4 Contaminationofstoredfoodsby dentistry 28
fungiandmycotoxins 5 2.3 Advancementsinantimicrobialsurface
1.5 Essentialoils:agreenchemicalfor coatingstrategies 29
preservationofstoredfoods 7 2.4 Conclusions 29
1.6 Mechanismsinvolvingantifungaland References 30
antimycotoxigenicactivities 7
1.6.1 Effectonergosterolbiosynthesis 7
3. Application of biogenic nanoparticles
1.6.2 Effectonleakageofcellular
constituents 8 in the remediation of contaminated
1.6.3 Effectofessentialoilsonenergy water 33
metabolism 8
E.Janeeshma,P.P.SameenaandJosT.Puthur
1.6.4 Effectofessentialoilsoncellular
methylglyoxal 8 3.1 Introduction 33
1.6.5 Molecularmechanismofantifungal 3.2 Differentwaterremediationmethods 34
andantimycotoxigenicactivity 8 3.3 Applicationofnanoparticlesin
1.7 Nanotechnology:novelsustainablegreen wastewatertreatment 35
strategytoprotectfoods 9 3.4 Synthesisofmicrobialnanoparticles 36
v
vi Contents
3.5 Applicationofmicrobialnanoparticlesin 5.5.6 Zincoxidenanoparticles 75
wastewatermanagement 37 5.6 Futureperspectivesandchallenges 76
3.6 Conclusions 38 5.7 Conclusions 77
References 38 References 77
4. Nanotechnology in biological
6. Microbial nanostructures and
science and engineering 43
their application in soil remediation 81
PratikV.TawadeandKailasL.Wasewar
ManishaAroraPandit,Kapinder,
4.1 Introduction 43
JasleenKaurandTarkeshwar
4.2 Nanobiotechnology 44
6.1 Introduction 81
4.3 Bionanotechnology 45
6.2 Biogenicsynthesisofnanostructures 81
4.4 Advantagesofnanotechnology 45
4.5 Biologicalapplicationsofnanotechnology 47 6.2.1 Biogenicsynthesisusingbacteria 82
4.5.1 Nanodiagnostics 47 6.2.2 Biogenicsynthesisusingfungiand
yeast 82
4.5.2 Therapeuticapplications 49
6.2.3 Biogenicsynthesisusingplants 82
4.5.3 Nanobiosensors 53
6.2.4 Advantagesandapplicationsof
4.5.4 Nanotechnologyforcancer:
biogenicnanostructures 84
diagnosisandtreatment 56
6.3 Environmentalbioremediation 85
4.6 Futureprospects 59
4.7 Conclusions 59 6.3.1 Soilpollutionandbioremediation 85
References 60 6.3.2 Bioremediationbyengineered
nanostructures 85
6.3.3 Bioremediationbymicrobial
5. Nanomaterials based sensors for
nanostructures(nanobioremediation) 86
detecting key pathogens in food and
6.4 Conclusion 92
water: developments from recent
Listofabbreviations 92
decades 65
Acknowledgments 93
Declarations 93
ShobhaSingh,SanjeetKumarPaswan,
References 93
PawanKumar,RamKishoreSinghand
LawrenceKumar
5.1 Introduction 65
Part 2
5.2 Variouscontaminantsinfoodand
water 66 Microbes mediated synthesis of
5.2.1 Contaminantsinfood 66
nanoparticles
5.2.2 Contaminantsinwater 69
5.3 Designingandfabricationof
7. Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles:
nanomaterials-basedsensors 71
5.4 Applicationsofnanosensorsindifferent mechanistic aspects and
sectors 72 applications 99
5.4.1 Agriculture 72
KanikaKhanna,SukhmeenKaurKohli,
5.4.2 Pollution 73
PalakBakshi,PoojaSharma,JaspreetKour,
5.4.3 Foodprocessing 73
TamannaBhardwaj,NandniSharma,
5.4.4 Foodpackaging 73
NehaDogra,PujaOhri,GeetikaSirhindiand
5.4.5 Foodtransport 73
RenuBhardwaj
5.5 Recentdevelopmentsin
nanomaterials-basedsensorsfor 7.1 Introduction 99
pathogendetection 73 7.2 Microbialenzymesinnanoparticle
5.5.1 Quantumdots 74 synthesis 100
5.5.2 Carbonnanotubes 74 7.2.1 Extracellularenzymes 101
5.5.3 Silvernanoparticles 74 7.2.2 Intracellularenzymes 102
5.5.4 Goldnanoparticles 75 7.3 Microbe-mediatedbiosynthesisof
5.5.5 Magneticnanoparticles 75 nanoparticles:mechanismofaction 102
Contents vii
7.3.1 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisby 8.5 Conclusion 142
bacteria 103 8.6 Futurerecommendations 142
7.3.2 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisby References 142
fungi 105
7.3.3 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisby
actinomycetes 106
9. Microbial metallonanoparticles—
7.3.4 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisbyyeast 106
an alternative to traditional
7.3.5 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisbyalgae 106
nanoparticle synthesis 149
7.3.6 Nanoparticlebiosynthesisby
viruses 109 D.Srividya,J.PatelSeema,Prabhurajeshwar
7.4 Applicabilityofbiologicallysynthesized andH.M.Navya
nanoparticles 110
9.1 Introduction 149
7.4.1 Antimicrobialagents 111
9.1.1 Advantagesanddisadvantagesof
7.4.2 Antibiofilmagents 112
nanoparticles 149
7.4.3 Drugdeliverysystem 113
9.1.2 Microorganismsasanalternative
7.4.4 Anticancerandmedicalpurposes 113
tothetraditionalnanoparticle
7.4.5 Diagnosticimagingandother
synthesis 150
medicalpurposes 114
9.1.3 Bacteriamediatedsynthesis 151
7.5 Challengesassociatedwithmicrobial
9.1.4 Fungus-mediatedsynthesis 154
synthesisofnanoparticles:apossible
9.1.5 Algae-mediatedsynthesis 156
pathtosolution 115
9.1.6 Viralmediatedsynthesis 157
7.6 Conclusionandfutureperspectives 116
9.1.7 Nanoparticlesynthesisusing
References 116
proteinandDNAscaffolds 157
9.1.8 Applicationsofnanoparticles
8. Microorganism assisted synthesized synthesizedviamicrobialroute 157
metal and metal oxide nanoparticles 9.1.9 Futureperspectives 157
for removal of heavy metal ions 9.2 Conclusion 159
from the wastewater effluents 127 References 159
Furtherreading 166
SangitaAgarwalandSoumendraDarbar
8.1 Introduction 127
10. Microbial-based synthesis of
8.2 Metalsandtheirrequirementfor
existence 129 nanoparticles to remove different
8.2.1 Definitionofmetals 129 pollutants from wastewater 167
8.2.2 Classificationofheavymetals 129
SteplinpaulselvinSelvinsimpsonand
8.2.3 Sourcesofheavymetals 129
YongChen
8.2.4 Adverseeffectsofheavymetals 129
8.3 Nanotechnologyandenvironmental 10.1 Introduction 167
remediation 133 10.2 Preparationofnanomaterials 168
8.3.1 Advantagesofconventional 10.2.1 Componentsaffectingthe
treatmentmethods 133 synthesisofgreennanoparticles 169
8.3.2 Bacteriainnanoparticlesynthesis 135 10.2.2 Mechanisticaspects 170
8.3.3 Themechanism 138 10.3 Advantagesofmicrobial-based
8.4 Challengesinnanoparticlesynthesis 140 nanomaterialsinwaterremediation 171
8.4.1 Bacteriaselection 140 10.4 Applicationofmicrobial-based
8.4.2 Selectionofreducingagents 140 nanomaterialswastewatertreatment 172
8.4.3 Optimizingtheconditionsfor 10.4.1 Titaniumdioxide 174
growthandenzymaticreactions 141 10.4.2 Silicananoparticles 174
8.4.4 Theprocessofextractionand 10.4.3 Zincoxide 175
purification 141 10.4.4 Graphene 176
8.4.5 Theprocessofstabilization 141 10.4.5 Ironnanoparticles 176
8.4.6 Theprocessofscaling 141 10.4.6 Zirconiananoparticles 177
8.4.7 Safetyissues 141 10.5 Futurerecommendations 178
