Table Of ContentEnglish Skills
with Readings
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English Skills
with Readings
NINTH EDITION
John Langan
Atlantic Cape Community College
Zoé L. Albright
Metropolitan Community College—Longview
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ENGLISH SKILLS WITH READINGS, NINTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2 015 by McGraw-
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Langan, John, 1942-
English skills with readings/John Langan, Atlantic Cape Community College, Zoé L. Albright,
Metropolitan Community College-Longview.—Ninth edition.
pages cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-351356-0 (Student Edition: acid-free paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-351356-3 (Student Edition: acid-free paper)
ISBN-13: (invalid) 978-0-07-776841-6 (Instructor’s Edition: acid-free paper)
ISBN-10: (invalid) 0-07-776841-8 (Instructor’s Edition: acid-free paper)
1. English language—Rhetoric. 2. English language—Grammar. 3. College readers. I. Albright, Zoé L. II. Title.
PE1408.L3182 2014
808'.0427—dc23
2013043700
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a
website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill
Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
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John Langan has taught reading and writing at Atlantic Cape
Community College near Atlantic City, New Jersey, for more than
twenty-fi ve years. Th e author of a popular series of college textbooks
on both writing and reading, John enjoys the challenge of develop-
ing materials that teach skills in an especially clear and lively way.
Before teaching, he earned advanced degrees in writing at Rutgers
University and in reading at Rowan University. He also spent a year
writing fi ction that, he says, “is now at the back of a drawer waiting to
be discovered and acclaimed posthumously.” While in school, he sup-
ported himself by working as a truck driver, a machinist, a battery as-
Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. shPpinelihemgsi a lwcbslyoulie mfrserep,,p oaaaJnr unhtddsyo i,tspt ehphoaei wmtN ahelsaa r,ads tho edtfilees ln,b v pdeonalaoeosnkasptriseo, . P dnaTh nhst hdiirlne aoa cdunnleugo ladhpnpe hppT irrlaoeeo.fia wp Idtann i“cns Tkaegdneo arddw.ni nJtPdoiso rhetenunns rds tnn,o Lioh nhwiigbsi s rloe aiwvndrey uinsf”c e—owa ntaiiarnto ehdcna o adllel eprcsut tiboolni st hhoe-f John Langan
w-Hill more than one hundred new and classic stories that appeal to readers of any age.
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Copyright faculty member at Metropolitan Community College—Longview,
teaching developmental writing, composition, and literature. She
has created and implemented traditional and online curricula for
high school and college English and composition courses and for
a variety of literature courses. She continues to research new educa-
tional theory and practices. In addition to this extensive teaching ex-
perience, Zoé has most recently served as a contributing author to the
Langan writing series, including the Exploring Writing 3/e books and Zoé L. Albright
College Writing Skills with Readings 9/e. She received her M.A. from Goldsmiths,
University of London; B.S. and B.A. from the University of Idaho; and A.A. from
Cottey College. Travel is one of Zoé’s main passions. Whenever she travels, she
incorporates what she has experienced and learned into her writing and teaching.
When she is not working or traveling, she enjoys reading or pursuing her new-
found interest, tennis. Zoé currently resides outside Kansas City, Missouri, with
her husband and young son.
v
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PART 1 Fundamentals of Effective Writing 1
1. An Introduction to Writing 2
2. Th e Four Bases and the Writing Process 18
3. Th e First and Second Steps in Writing 51
4. Th e Th ird Step in Writing 89
5. Th e Fourth Step in Writing 111
6. Four Bases for Revising Writing 141
7. Writing in the Digital Age 168
PART 2 Paragraph Development 183
8. Exemplifi cation 184
9. Process 199
10. Cause and/or Eff ect 214
11. Comparison and/or Contrast 229
12. Defi nition 250
13. Division-Classifi cation 263
14. Description 278
15. Narration 293
16. Argument 305
PART 3 Essay Development 323
17. Writing the Essay 324
PART 4 Handbook of Sentence Skills 357
SECTION I Grammar 358
18. Subjects and Verbs 359
19. Sentence Sense 364
20. Fragments 367
21. Run-Ons 381
22. Regular and Irregular Verbs 394
23. Standard English Verbs 402
24. Subject-Verb Agreement 410
25. Pronoun Agreement and Reference 416
vi
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BRIEF CONTENTS vii
26. Pronoun Types 422
27. Adjectives and Adverbs 428
28. Misplaced and Dangling Modifi ers 433
SECTION II Mechanics 441
29. Paper Format 442
30. Capital Letters 447
31. Numbers and Abbreviations 456
SECTION III Punctuation 459
32. Apostrophes 460
33. Quotation Marks 468
34. Commas 476
35. Other Punctuation Marks 485
SECTION IV Word Use 489
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©2015 The 41. Editing Tests 527
Copyright PART 5 Readings for Writers 543
INTRODUCTION TO THE READINGS 544
GOALS AND VALUES 548
EDUCATION AND SELF-IMPROVEMENT 602
HUMAN GROUPS AND SOCIETY 637
APPENDIXES 672
A. ESL Pointers 672
B. Sentence-Skills Diagnostic Test 682
C. Sentence-Skills Achievement Test 687
D. Answers to Sentence-Skills Diagnostic Test 692
Credits 693
Index 696
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Readings Listed by Rhetorical Mode xvii
Preface xix
PART 1 Fundamentals of Effective Writing 1
1. An Introduction to Writing 2
Understanding Point and Support 3
Benefi ts of Paragraph Writing 6
Writing as a Way to Communicate with Others: Considering
Audience and Purpose 7
Writing as a Skill 12
Writing as a Process of Discovery 14
Keeping a Journal 15
Using Th is Text 17
2. The Four Bases and the Writing Process 18
Prewriting 19
Writing a Topic Sentence and Preparing a Scratch Outline 25
Writing a First Draft 27
Revising 29
Editing 32
Using Peer Review 34
Doing a Personal Review 36
Review Activities 37
3. The First and Second Steps in Writing 51
Step 1: Begin with a Point 52
Step 2: Support the Point with Specifi c Evidence 54
Reinforcing Point and Support 58
Th e Importance of Specifi c Details 61
Th e Importance of Adequate Details 64
Practice in Making and Supporting a Point 67
4. The Third Step in Writing 89
Step 3: Organize and Connect the Specifi c Evidence 90
Practice in Organizing and Connecting Specifi c Evidence 101
viii
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CONTENTS ix
5. The Fourth Step in Writing 111
Step 4: Write Clear, Error-Free Sentences 111
Revising Sentences 111
Editing Sentences 128
Practice in Revising Sentences 130
Using Parallelism 131
Using a Consistent Point of View 132
Using Specifi c Words 133
Using Concise Wording 135
Varying Your Sentences 136
6. Four Bases for Revising Writing 141
Base 1: Unity 142
Base 2: Support 144
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mpanies, Inc. Practice in Using the Four Bases 153
Hill Co 7. Writing in the Digital Age 168
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Gra Tips for Writing On-Screen 169
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©2015 The UWsrinitgin Dg iPgritoacle asns d E16le9ctronic Resources at Each Stage of the
Copyright UA sLinogo tkh Ae hIneatedr ntoe tP art1 723 181
PART 2 Paragraph Development 183
8. Exemplifi cation 184
Evaluating Student Paragraphs 186
Developing an Exemplifi cation Paragraph 188
Writing an Exemplifi cation Paragraph 191
9. Process 199
Evaluating Student Paragraphs 200
Developing a Process Paragraph 203
Writing a Process Paragraph 206
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