Energy versus Carbon Dioxide: How can we save the world? 59 Theses

242 Pages·2021·7.252 MB·English

by  Cornel Stan

Cornel Stan
Energy
versus
Carbon
Dioxide
How can we save the world?
59 Theses
Energy versus Carbon Dioxide
Cornel Stan
Energy versus
Carbon Dioxide
How can we save the world?
59 Theses
Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Prof. E.h. Dr. h.c. mult. Cornel Stan
FTZ – Research and Technology Association
West Saxon University
Zwickau, Germany
ISBN 978-3-662-64161-3 ISBN 978-3-662-64162-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64162-0
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Preface
How do we save the world?
The world's population will be eight billion people in
the next three years, and ten billion in the next three
decades. On the other hand, technical and economic
developments in the world are increasing annual per
capita energy consumption sharply. The number of
people multiplied from year to year by the respective
per capita consumption shows an exploding energy de-
mand. Whether Homo sapiens can somehow procure
this energy is no longer the problem: The deconvolu-
tion of most forms of energy, however, generates car-
bon dioxide, which has already caused a threatening
global warming. The climate neutrality of any form of
energy production and transformation is now abso-
lutely necessary. The closure of all coal-fired power
stations, but also of carbon dioxide-free nuclear power
stations, the banning of all internal combustion engines
that move ships, aircraft, construction machinery and
automobiles, are radical claims with no ideas or visions
about the consequences. Alternative solutions are cer-
tainly not the matter of the respective claims carriers.
This book is dedicated to the search for forms and
quantities of energy for the future, while maintaining
climate neutrality, partly by drastically reducing, partly
by recycling the resulting carbon dioxide emissions.
V
Preface
The path from energy to carbon dioxide begins in hu-
mans and animals with respiration and food, at the end
of assimilation reactions appears besides other prod-
ucts the carbon dioxide. Otherwise, in the case of
plants, the input of carbon dioxide generates food: this
leads to an inverted cycle in comparison with humans
and animals. This plant-like cycle is increasingly be-
ing taken into account in the construction of new ma-
chines and industrial plants, as numerous examples in
this book show.
The planes, the tankers and the automobiles are always
in the focus of criticism, but the true energy guzzlers
and at the same time carbon dioxide emitters are oth-
ers, as it is presented in the book. Electric drives in-
stead of combustion engines also do not solve the con-
flict between energy and carbon dioxide. There are
more efficient ways, which will be presented and ana-
lyzed in this book.
A central section of the book is devoted to energy with-
out carbon dioxide, starting with the hopefuls - photo-
voltaics, wind power and hydropower - with their ad-
vantages, but also with their disadvantages.
Nevertheless, this work is centered on the promising
solutions for energy generation with simultaneous cli-
mate neutrality from the perspective of energetic cy-
cles: The water cycle nature-electrolysis-machine-na-
ture is compared with the carbon dioxide cycle nature-
photosynthesis in plant-machine-nature. The results
of analysis are largely surprising from this perspective.
Energy production causes carbon dioxide emissions,
this fact is well known. But the “inversed” fact that car-
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Preface
bon dioxide can generate energy in form of heat, elec-
tricity and fuel is probably less so, which is why such
projects are also presented in this book.
Numerous research and development projects in the
relevant fields, with the active participation of the au-
thor, together with industrial partners from several
countries, are a good opportunity to devote themselves
to these topics.

Cornel Stan Zwickau, Germany, August 2021

VII
Table of Contents
Preface ..................................................................... V
Table of Contents ................................................... IX
Part I Energy and carbon dioxide ........................1
1 Matter ..............................................................3
2 Energy versus carbon dioxide in the
nutrition of human beings ................................6
3 Energy versus carbon dioxide in the
nutrition of other living beings ......................22
4 Energy from carbon dioxide for the nutrition
of plants and trees ..........................................26
5 Flora and fauna have inversed carbon
dioxide cycles ................................................31
6 Carbon dioxide, the greenhouse effect and
the warming of the Earth's atmosphere .........36
References for Part I ...........................................47
Part II Causers of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide emissions .......................................49
7 No more cars with internal combustion
engines, but what about airplanes? ................51
8 Are we also electrifying cruise ships and
tankers? ..........................................................57
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Table of Contents
9 The real energy guzzlers ............................... 66
10 Electric car drive instead of propulsion by
combustion engine does not solve the
problems ....................................................... 82
References for Part II ........................................ 90
Part III Energy without carbon dioxide .............. 91
11 The hope-bearers at first: photovoltaics,
wind, water ................................................... 93
11.1 Photovoltaics ........................................ 94
11.2 Wind power ........................................ 107
11.3 Hydropower ....................................... 119
12 The last weapon: nuclear power ................. 130
13 The energetic water cycle: nature –
electrolysis – machine – nature .................. 136
13.1 Hydrogen production and storage ...... 136
13.2 Fuel cell with hydrogen...................... 141
13.3 Internal combustion engine with
hydrogen............................................. 153
13.4 Internal combustion engine with
hydrogen in the role of the fuel cell ... 156
14 The energetic carbon dioxide cycle: nature –
photosynthesis – machine – nature ............. 165
14.1 Ethanol, methanol, oil, ether – fuel
production from plants ....................... 165
14.2 Internal combustion engines with
ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils
and ether ............................................. 175
14.3 Fuel cell with methanol and
vegetable oils...................................... 181
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Table of Contents
14.4 Thermal machine with internal
combustion of alcohol or oil in the
role of fuel cell ....................................184
References for Part III ......................................187
Part IV Energy using carbon dioxide .................189
15 Carbon dioxide-devouring heat engines ......191
16 Heat, electricity and fuel from waste ...........198
17 Heat, electricity and fuel from biogas .........204
18 Heat from wastewater and super-efficient
combustion engines with organic food ........214
References for Part IV ......................................222
Summary of Theses ...............................................223

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