Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites

720 Pages·2019·21.516 MB·English

by  Sumita Jha

Reference Series in Phytochemistry
Series Editors:
J.-M. Mérillon · K. G. Ramawat
Sumita Jha Editor
Endophytes
and Secondary
Metabolites
Reference Series in Phytochemistry
SeriesEditors
Jean-MichelMérillon
FacultyofPharmaceuticalSciences
InstituteofVineandWineSciences
UniversityofBordeaux
Villenaved’Ornon,France
KishanGopalRamawat
DepartmentofBotany
UniversityCollegeofScience
M.L.SukhadiaUniversity
Udaipur,Rajasthan,India
Thisreferenceworksseriesprovidesaplatformforallinformationonplantmetab-
olitesandphytochemicals,theirchemistry,properties,applications,andmethods.By
thestrictestdefinition,phytochemicalsarechemicalsderivedfromplants.However,
the term is often used to describe the large number of secondary metabolic com-
pounds found in and derived from plants. These metabolites exhibit a number of
nutritionalandprotectivefunctionsforhumanwelfaresuchascolorants,fragrances
and flavorings, amino acids, pharmaceuticals, hormones, vitamins and agrochemi-
cals. Besides food, fibers, fuel, cloth and shelter, a vast number of wild plants can
hence provide important sources for medicines, especially in developing countries
fortheirtraditionalhealthsystems.Naturalproductshaveinspiredandprovidedthe
foundation to the bulk of FDA-approved compounds and there is tremendous
increase in natural products and natural products derived compounds that have
been registered against many prevailing diseases. Natural product industry has
shown tremendous growth and is expected to continue to do so in the near future.
The present series compiles reference information on various topics and aspects
about phytochemicals, including their potential as natural medicine, their role as
chemo-preventers,inplantdefense,theirecologicalrole,theirroleinplantsaswell
asforpathogenadaptation,anddiseaseresistance.Volumesintheseriesalsocontain
information on methods such as metabolomics, genetic engineering of pathways,
molecular farming, and obtaining metabolites from lower organisms and marine
organisms besides higher plants. The books in the series are hence of relevance in
variousfields,fromchemistry,biology,biotechnology,topharmacognosy,pharma-
cology,botany,ormedicine.Eachvolumeiseditedbyleadingexpertsandcontains
authoritativecontributionsbyrenownedauthors.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13872
Sumita Jha
Editor
Endophytes and
Secondary Metabolites
With101Figuresand53Tables
Editor
SumitaJha
DepartmentofBotany
UniversityofCalcutta
Kolkata,WestBengal,India
ISSN2511-834X ISSN2511-8358(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-90483-2 ISBN978-3-319-90484-9(eBook)
ISBN978-3-319-90485-6(printandelectronicbundle)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9
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Foreword
Thehuman-plant-microbetripartiterelationshipgoesbackages.Thishasresultedin
humancuriositytosearchformicrobesinnearlyeveryhabitat,beitsoil,freshwater,
ormarinesurroundings.Overtheyears,humancuriosityhasdelvedinrathernormal
habitats a bit more extensively because of their close relationships ammensal,
commensalismandmutualistsofbothplantsandanimals.
What was known to the researchers from the time of deBary about microbes
associatedwithplantshasgraduallyturnedintoagoldmineofphenotypeswiththeir
hidden partners and their associated metabolites. The world of both epiphytes and
endophytes as silent partners of living plants is an interesting saga of ecosystem
dynamics and resultant exploratory pathways leading to recovery of some very
preciousdrugs,suchastaxol.However,simplequestionsofendophyticadaptations
of bacteria and fungi in various plant tissues still baffle researchers. Also, unlike
pathogenicmicrobiota,howthesilenthiddenmicrobialpartnersliveinvariousplant
tissueswithoutdisturbingthenormalplantmetabolicmachineryisanopenresearch
question!
Consideringtheuniquenicheoccupiedbyendophytesandpossibleapplicationof
suchresidentmicrobiota,agreatdealhasbeenpublishedonthissubjectduringthe
last couple of decades. However, use of new tools and strategies and even larger
surveys of unique ecosystems and their resident floristics always throws up new
information. Thus, continuity in published literature on endophytes is constantly
updated. The present volume being brought out by Springer is a testimony to this
need. It is edited by a very distinguished biotechnologist of international repute,
Professor Sumita Jha, a NASI Senior Scientist, who has attempted to put together
authorswhoarenotonlywellversedintheendophyticresearcharenabutalsothose
whoaremastersofchemicalscrutinyofmicrobiotaandproductdevelopment.While
each chapter is unique in its own way, I find the study of marine endophytes of
specialsignificanceonaccountofearlieruniquenessofbioactivesfromthishabitat
andtheirindustrialapplicability.Inaddition,thestudyofvolatilesofendophytesisa
new direction that is of considerable relevance not only in terms of bioactives but
alsofromtheangleofenvironmentalpollutionandclimate change.Additionally,a
couple of chapters lay emphasis on the role of endophytes under stressed environ-
mentalconditions,somethingofgreatvirtueinsustainableplantproductionsystems.
In line with this approach is the discussion of biodegradation of pollutants by
v
vi Foreword
endophyticmicrobesthathasdirectbearingonthecurrentscenarioofmaintenance
ofbalancedecosystems.
From the floristics point of view, the study describing endophytes from Ginkgo
stands out since this plant is of not only great evolutionary significance but is also
wellknownforginseng–amedicinalplantofmuchvalue.Itwouldthereforebeof
interest to assess the role of Ginkgo’s transient endophytes in the secretion of
ginsenginplantsoralternatelyunderinvitroconditions.
IfindthatProfessorJhahasdoneacommendablejobinbringingtogetheravery
valuablevolumeonendophytesthatwillinterest notonlyresearchers andteaching
fraternitybutalsoindustrialchemists.
FormerlyNASISeniorScientist ProfessorBhavdishN.Johri,
DepartmentofBiotechnology FNASc,FNAAS
BarkatullahUniversity,Bhopal462026,
MP,India
Email:[email protected]
Preface
The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with characteristic structural diversity
occurs abundantly in microorganisms, fungi, plants, and sessile animals. In the
evolutionofsecondarymetabolism,evidencesuggeststhatplantsmayhaveacquired
somegenesofkeyenzymesofbiosynthesisofrelativelyancientoriginbyhorizontal
gene transfer. Ectomycorrhizal and endophytic fungi might have transferred their
pathway genes into the genome of their host plants times ago. Because of their
intimateintra-orintercellularassociationwithplantsforcompetence,survival,and
reproduction, endophytes have become a class of interesting and curious microor-
ganisms.Thisbookaimstopresentacomprehensiveaccountofthefast-expanding
field of endophytes and their applications for the welfare of human beings. Novel
and beneficial effects of endophytes are being developed besides several already
existing ones from the agriculture to industrial levels. This book includes original
research reviews and case studies on diversity and ecology of major groups of
endophytes, plant–endophyte interactions, identification of endophytes by conven-
tional and molecular tools, biologically active compounds from endophytes, and
applications in agriculture and industry. This book will be useful for all those
concerned with microorganisms – from students and researchers in the field of
botany, pathology, biotechnology, and agriculture to entrepreneurs involved in
developingindustrialapplications.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge all our contributors who have made
immense efforts to ensure the scientific quality of this book. We hope that the
bookwillbeusefulforresearchersinacademiaandindustry.
IamgratefultorespectedProfessorB.N.Johri,foragreeingtowritetheforeword
for this book, and to Professor K.G. Ramawat for constant encouragement and
support.
We thank all our colleagues at Springer, particularly Sylvia Blago and Clifford
Nwaeburuforexcellentsupport.
June2019 SumitaJha
vii
Contents
PartI BiologyofMajorGroupsofEndophytes ................. 1
1 BiologicallyActiveCompoundsfromBacterialEndophytes ..... 3
PabloR.Hardoim
2 EndophyticPseudomonadsandTheirMetabolites ............ 33
ApekchaBajpaiandBhavdishN.Johri
3 Diversity,Ecology,andSignificanceofFungalEndophytes ...... 61
KandikereR.Sridhar
4 BioactiveMetabolitesfromTurkishMarineInvertebratesand
AssociatedFungi ....................................... 101
BelmaKonuklugilandHajarHeydari
5 EndophytesofNothapodytesnimmoniana(J.Graham)Mabb. ... 145
HosakatteNiranjanaMurthy,DayanandDalawai,So-YoungPark,and
Kee-YoeupPaek
6 EndophytesofGinseng .................................. 165
HosakatteNiranjanaMurthy,DayanandDalawai,So-YoungPark,and
Kee-YoeupPaek
7 EndophytisminZingiberaceae:Elucidationof
BeneficialImpact ....................................... 187
AvijitChakraborty,SubrataKundu,SwapnaMukherjee,andBiswajit
Ghosh
PartII BiotechnologyforIdentificationofEndophytesUsing
ConventionalandMolecularTools ........................... 213
8 IdentificationandDeterminationofCharacteristicsof
EndophytesfromRicePlants ............................. 215
HadisYousefiandN.Hasanzadeh
ix
x Contents
9 UnravelingPlant-EndophyteInteractions:AnOmicsInsight .... 249
EnketeswaraSubudhi,RajeshKumarSahoo,SuchandaDey,
AradhanaDas,andKalpanaSahoo
10 IsolationofEndophytes:TheGoldStandard? ................ 269
BinayChaubey
PartIII ProductionofUsefulMetabolites .................... 281
11 PharmaceuticalPotentialofMarineFungalEndophytes ........ 283
RajeshJeewon,AmiirahBibiLuckhun,VishwakalyanBhoyroo,
NabeelahB.Sadeer,MohamadFawziMahomoodally,Sillma
Rampadarath,DaneshwarPuchooa,V.VenkateswaraSarma,Siva
SundaraKumarDurairajan,andKevinD.Hyde
12 DiversityofPlantEndophyticVolatileOrganicCompound
(VOC)andTheirPotentialApplications .................... 307
FarhanaTasnimChowdhury,MohammadRiazulIslam,Md.Rakibul
Islam,andHaseenaKhan
13 AntidiabeticandAntioxidantActivitiesofBioactive
CompoundsfromEndophytes ............................ 335
RosaMarthaPerezGutierrezandAdrianaNeiraGonzález
14 FungalEndophytes:ANovelSourceofCytotoxicCompounds ... 365
SunilK.Deshmukh,ManishK.Gupta,VedPrakash,and
M.SudhakaraReddy
15 EndophytesasaSourceofHigh-Value,BioactiveMetabolites ... 427
NitikaKapoor,VijayLakshmiJamwal,andSumitG.Gandhi
16 CurrentUnderstandingandFuturePerspectivesofEndophytic
Microbesvis-a-visProductionofSecondaryMetabolites ........ 459
ShashankA.Tidke,S.Kiran,P.Giridhar,andRavishankarA.Gokare
17 SecondaryMetaboliteProductionbyEndophyticFungi:
TheGeneClusters,Nature,andExpression .................. 475
MishraRashmiandV.VenkateswaraSarma
18 SecondaryMetabolitesProducedbyEndophyticFungifrom
MarineEnvironments ................................... 491
MishraRashmi,J.S.Kushveer,andV.VenkateswaraSarma
19 FungalEndophytesfromMedicinalPlantsasaPotentialSource
ofBioactiveSecondaryMetabolitesandVolatileOrganic
Compounds:AnOverview ............................... 527
HumeeraNisaandAzraN.Kamili