Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

2662 Pages·2015·122.97 MB·English

by  Shiro Kobayashi

Shiro Kobayashi
Klaus Müllen
Editors
Encyclopedia of
Polymeric
Nanomaterials
1 3
Reference
Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

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Shiro Kobayashi (cid:129) Klaus Mullen
Editors
Encyclopedia of
Polymeric
Nanomaterials
With2021Figuresand146Tables
Editors
ShiroKobayashi KlausM€ullen
CenterforFiberandTextileScience MaxPlanckInstitute
KyotoInstituteofTechnology forPolymerResearch
Matsugasaki,Sakyo-ku,Kyoto,Japan Mainz,Germany
ISBN978-3-642-29647-5 ISBN978-3-642-29648-2(eBook)
ISBN978-3-642-29649-9(printandelectronicbundle)
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015941019
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015
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Preface
Owing to technological developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology,
our society currently enjoys an improved quality of life afforded to us by
nanomaterialswithprecisefunctions.Thisishighlightedbytheinfluenceof
scientific breakthroughsineverydaylife because ofadvancesinelectronics
(smartphones, computers, televisions, etc.), transportation (automobiles,
superfast electric trains, and aircraft), medicine (pharmaceutical drugs,
instrumentation, and apparatuses), and even simple examples around the
house such as kitchenware, tools, and furniture. These functional
nanomaterials are the result of extensive fundamental as well as
application-based research carried out at both the academic and industrial
scale.
Severalyearsago,Springer-Verlaginitiatedaprojecttopublishanency-
clopedia that reflects the worldwide trends and transformations within a
scientificfieldwhilekeepinginmindimportantfocalpoints.Theyaskedus,
aspolymerscientists,tobeEditors-in-Chief(EiC)foranimportantsectionof
MajorReferenceWorks(SpringerReference),whichwegraciouslyaccepted
and decided to name “Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials” (EPN).
Here,“nano”referstomaterialsonthelengthscaleof~10(cid:1)9m(nm),which
generallycorrespondstothesizeofmanypolymericmacromolecules.Yet,it
isessentialtounderstandhowthelarge-scaleassemblyofthesenanomaterials
eventually governs their physical and chemical properties as active compo-
nentsinvariousapplications.Itisthecombinationofcontrollingthespecific
functionalitiesandbulkpropertiesofnanomaterialsthatallowsformanipu-
latingthefinaldesiredcharacteristicsoftheproducts.
Wewouldliketomentionthatthisencyclopediaisthefirsttoexclusively
focusonthe concepts,practices,andapplications inthegenreofpolymeric
nanomaterials(PNs).InregardtoourintentwithEPN,weaspiredtoprovidea
comprehensive overview of a wide range of PN fields. Based on the com-
plexities and vast nature of the subject, it was necessary to classify section
topics to more readily organize the available information. These sections
were generally differentiated by chemical identification (both name and
structural composition), preparation methods (synthetic and processing),
and the resulting properties and application-based functions. Keywords for
thechapterswerechosenbasedonsynthetictechniques,architectures,phys-
ical states and properties, as well as the fields of application for the
nanomaterialsinanefforttosimplifytheorganizationofEPN.
v
vi Preface
Wearemuchindebtedtooursectioneditors(associateeditors),whowere
instrumentalinselectingandorganizingthetopicsaswellasinvitingtheright
authorstocontributeintheirrespectivefields.Furthermore,wewouldliketo
extend our gratitude to these topic authors for their efforts, which made it
possibletosuccessfullycompletetheEPNproject.
We believe that EPN provides a thorough analysis of the many fields
relatedtopolymericnanomaterialsbothpastandpresentwithouraspiration
toreadilyprovidethisknowledgetothosewhoareinterestedintheserapidly
progressingdisciplines.EPNisexpectedtobeanessentialreferencesource
for students and researchers from related fields as well as become a useful
resourceformembersofbothacademiaandindustry.Ideally,theknowledge
presented within this encyclopedia will present an excellent overview of
polymeric nanomaterials, yet encourage the future pursuit of even greater
challengesinthismostexcitingfield.
February2015 Editors-in-Chief
ShiroKobayashi
Sakyo-ku,Kyoto,Japan
KlausM€ullen
Mainz,Germany
Acknowledgments
At first, we acknowledge all the scientists across the world who acted as
sectioneditors(associateeditors)aswellastopicauthors.Withouttheirgreat
contributions,EPNwouldhaveneverbeenlaunched.
WethanktheSpringer-Verlagstaff:Dr.M.Hertelwasresponsibleforthe
project of EPN and encouraged us to work on editing EPN. Then,
Dr.T.Wassermanntookoverherjob.Atthebeginning,Ms.S.Fabianiand
Mr.A.J.Chandypushedandhelpedustogettheprojectstarted.Duringour
editingworks,Ms.T.SheltonandMs.V.Shomehavebeendoingimportant
officeworktohelpusmuchovertheyears.
Finally,wethankourformerteachers,towhomweowealotconcerning
education, research, and human life: the late Professor Emeritus Junji
Furukawa (Kyoto University), Professor Emeritus Takeo Saegusa (Kyoto
University), Professor George A. Olah (University of Southern California,
LosAngeles),andProfessorHelmutRingsdorf(UniversityofManiz,Mainz)
fromS.Kobayashi;thelateProfessorEmanuelVogel(UniversityofCologne,
Colonge), Professor Erhart W. Fischer, Professor Gerhart Wegner, and
Professor Hans W. Spiess (all Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research,
Mainz)fromK.Muellen.
February2015 Editors-in-Chief
ShiroKobayashi
Sakyo-ku,Kyoto,Japan
KlausM€ullen
Mainz,Germany
vii

About the Editors
ShiroKobayashi studiedorganicchemistryand
polymerchemistryinKyotoUniversity,wherehe
receivedhisB.S.in1964andM.S.in1966,both
withthethesisonZiegler-Nattapolymerizations
from Prof. J. Furukawa, and Ph.D. in 1969 with
the thesis on organic synthesis reactions from
Prof. T. Saegusa. Then, he worked with
Prof. G. A. Olah as a postdoctoral fellow at
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
for 2 years, during which he investigated basic
carbocationic reactions. In 1972, he joined
Kyoto University as a research associate to start studying new polymer
syntheses including cationic ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic ethers,
2-oxazolinesandcyclicphosphorusmonomers,zwitterionicpolymerizations,
and bio-related polymer synthesis. In 1976, he studied pharmacologically
activepolymersasaHumboldtfellowworkingwithProf.H.Ringsdorfatthe
UniversityofMainz.In1986,afterlectureshipinKyotoUniversity,hewas
appointedasafullprofessoratTohokuUniversityinSendai,wherehestarted
a new project of enzymatic polymerization. The project brought about his
majorworkinhisresearchcareer.In1997,hemovedtoKyotoUniversityand
officiallyretiredin2005tobecomeaprofessoremeritus.Sincethen,hehas
beenadistinguishedprofessoratKyotoInstituteofTechnology,continuing
research work on polymer synthesis. His research interests include new
polymersynthesisreactionsandtheirreactionmechanismandfunctionaland
high-performance polymeric materials. Among others, the enzyme-catalyzed
polymer synthesis was focused and developed, which contributes to green
polymer chemistry and enabled the first in vitro synthesis of natural and
unnatural polysaccharides such as cellulose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronic acid,
chondroitin, cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide, etc., various functional
polyesters,andnewaromaticpolymers.
For his contributions to polymer chemistry, he received the following
awards: the Award of the Chemical Society of Japan for Young Chemists
(1976); the Award of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan (1986); the
DistinguishedInventionAward(1993,forcellulosesynthesisfromtheMin-
istry of Science and Technology, Japanese Government); the Award of the
OilandFatIndustryFoundation,Japan(1996);theCelluloseSocietyofJapan
Award (1996); Humboldt Research Award, Germany (1999); the Award of
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