Table Of ContentElectronic Circuits I
About the Authors
S Salivahanan
is the Principal of SSN College of Engineering, Chennai. He obtained his B.E. degree
in Electronics and Communication Engineering from PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, M.E.
degree in Communication Systems from NIT, Trichy, and Ph.D. in the area of Microwave Integrated
Circuits from Madurai Kamaraj University. He has over three decades of teaching, research, admin-
istration and industrial experience, both in India and abroad, with stints at NIT, Trichy; A.C. College
of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi; R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore; Dayananda
Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore; Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi; and Bannari
Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam.
Dr Salivahanan served as a mentor for the M.S. degree under the distance-learning programme offered
by Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. He has industrial experience as Scientist/Engineer
at Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad; Telecommunication Engineer at State Organisation
of Electricity, Iraq; and Electronics Engineer at Electric Dar Establishment, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
He is the author of 32 popular books some of which include Basic Electrical, Electronics and Computer
Engineering; Electronic Devices and Circuits and Linear Integrated Circuits, all published by McGraw
Hill Education, and Digital Signal Processing by McGraw Hill Education (India) and McGraw Hill
International which has also been translated into Mandarin, the most popular version of the Chinese
language. He has published several papers at national and international levels.
Professor Salivahanan is the recipient of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan National Award for Best Engineering
College Principal for 2011 from ISTE, and IEEE Outstanding Branch Counsellor and Advisor Award
in the Asia-Pacific region for 1996–97. He was the Chairman of IEEE Madras Section for two years,
2008 and 2009, and Syndicate Member of Anna University.
He is a Senior Member of IEEE, Fellow of IETE, Fellow of Institution of Engineers (India), Life
Member of ISTE and Life Member of Society for EMC Engineers. He is also a member of IEEE
Societies in Microwave Theory and Techniques, Communications, Signal Processing, and Aerospace
and Electronics.
N Suresh Kumar
is the Principal of Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai.
He received his B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Thiagarajar College
of Engineering, Madurai; M.E. degree in Microwave and Optical Engineering from A.C. College
of Engineering Technology, Karaikudi; and Ph.D. degree in the field of EMI/EMC from Madurai
Kamaraj University.
He has over two decades of teaching, administration and research experience and has authored 8 books,
all published by McGraw Hill Education. He has published and presented many research papers in
international journals and conferences. His areas of interest include Microwave Communication,
Optical Communication and Electromagnetic Compatibility. He is a life member of IETE and ISTE.
Electronic Circuits I
S Salivahanan
Principal
SSN College of Engineering
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
N Suresh Kumar
Principal
Velammal College of Engineering and Technology
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
NEW DELHI
McGraw Hill Education Offices
New Delhi NewYork St Louis SanFrancisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas
Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal
San Juan Santiago Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
P-24, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110 016
Electronic Circuits I
Copyright © 2015 by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system
without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer
system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.
This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
Print Edition
ISBN-13: 978-93-392-2088-4
ISBN-10: 93-392-2088-9
eBook Edition
e-ISBN-13: 978-93-392-2089-1
e-ISBN-10: 93-392-2089-7
Managing Director: Kaushik Bellani
Head—Products (Higher Education and Professional): Vibha Mahajan
Assistant Sponsoring Editor: Koyel Ghosh
Editorial Executive: Piyali Chatterjee
Manager—Production Systems: Satinder S Baveja
Desk Editor: Jagriti Kundu
Senior Graphic Designer—Cover: Meenu Raghav
Senior Publishing Manager (SEM & Tech. Ed.): Shalini Jha
Assistant Product Manager (SEM & Tech. Ed.): Tina Jajoriya
General Manager—Production: Rajender P Ghansela
Manager—Production:Reji Kumar
Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable.
However, neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information
published herein, and neither McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or
damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India)
and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services
are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
Typeset at The Composers, 260, C.A. Apt., Paschim Vihar, New Delhi 110 063 and printed at
**
Cover Printer: **
**
Visit us at: www.meducation.co.in
Contents
Preface vii
Roadmap xi
1. Biasing of Discrete BJT and MOSFET 1.1
1.1 Introduction 1.1
1.2 Construction 1.1
1.3 Transistor Biasing 1.1
1.4 Operation of NPNandPNP Transistor 1.2
1.5 Types of Configuration 1.5
1.6 Bias Stability 1.12
1.7 Various Biasing Methods for BJT 1.19
1.8 Stability 1.45
1.9 Bias Compensation 1.47
1.10 Thermal Stability 1.49
1.11 Design of Biasing for JFET 1.49
1.12 Design of Biasing for MOSFET 1.54
Two Mark Question and Answers 1.64
Review Questions 1.66
2. BJT Amplifiers 2.1
2.1 BJT Amplifier 2.1
2.2 Single Stage Amplifier 2.2
2.3 Small Signal Analysis of Single Stage BJTAmplifiers 2.9
2.4 AC Load Line 2.34
2.5 Voltage Swing Limitations 2.34
2.6 Differential Amplifier 2.35
2.7 Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 2.41
2.8 Darlington Amplifier 2.44
2.9 Bootstrap Technique 2.47
2.10 Cascaded Stages 2.48
2.11 Cascode Amplifier 2.48
2.12 Large Signal Amplifiers 2.52
Two Mark Question and Answers 2.58
Review Questions 2.61
3. JFET and MOSFET Amplifiers 3.1
3.1 JFET Amplifiers 3.1
3.2 Small Signal Analysis of JFET 3.2
vi Contents
3.4 Small Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifier 3.9
3.5 Comparison of FET Model with h-Parameter Model of BJT 3.11
3.6 BiMOS Circuits 3.12
Two Mark Question and Answers 3.15
Review Questions 3.16
4 Frequency Analysis of BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers 4.1
4.1 Introduction 4.1
4.2 Logarithms 4.1
4.3 Decibels 4.2
4.4 General Shape of Frequency Response of Amplifiers 4.5
4.5 Low Frequency 4.7
4.6 Miller Effect 4.15
4.7 High Frequency Analysis of CE 4.17
4.8 High Frequency MOSFET Model 4.21
4.9 Short-circuit Current Gain 4.24
4.10 Cut Off Frequency—fa and fb Unity Gain 4.26
4.11 Determination of Bandwidth of Single Stage Amplifier 4.28
4.12 Determination of Bandwidth of Multistage Amplifiers 4.31
Two Mark Question and Answers 4.33
Review Questions 4.35
5. IC MOSFET Amplifier 5.1
5.1 IC Biasing 5.1
5.2 The Basic MOSFET Current Source 5.1
5.3 MOS Current-Steering Circuits 5.3
5.4 Active Load 5.4
5.5 CMOS Common Source and Source Follower 5.8
5.6 CMOS Differential Amplifier 5.12
5.7 Differential Gain of the Active-loaded MOS Pair 5.13
5.8 CMOS Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 5.15
Two Mark Question and Answers 5.17
Review Questions 5.18
Preface
Electronic Circuits I is designed specifically to cater to the needs of third semester ECE students of
Anna University. The book has a perfect blend of focused content coverage. Solved Anna University
question papers which are tagged with specific topics will be extremely helpful to the students. Simple,
easy-to-understand, and jargon-free, the book elucidates the concepts of electronics with the help of
several solved examples, circuit diagrams and adequate questions helping students clearly understand
the concepts of electronics.
SALIENT FEATURES
✓ Crisp content presentation strictly in line with the latest Anna University syllabus of Electronic
Circuits I (Regulation 2013)
✓ Previous-year Anna University solved questions appropriately incorporated as:
— Long Questions: Tagged within the text
— Short Two-marks Questions: End of each chapter
✓ Rich exam-oriented pedagogy:
✓ Solved examples: 85
✓ Solved two-marks questions: 52
✓ Review questions: 111
✓ Illustrations: 195
CHAPTER ORGANISATION
The book is organised into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 deals with Biasing of Discrete BJT and MOSFET
and includes DC load line, operating point, various biasing methods for BJT-Design-Stability-Bias
compensation, thermal stability, design of biasing for JFET, design of biasing for MOSFET. Chapter
2 discusses BJT Amplifiers at length and covers the topics small signal analysis of common emitter, AC
load line, voltage swing limitations, common collector and common base amplifiers, differential ampli-
fiers, CMRR, Darlington amplifier, Bootstrap technique, Cascaded stages, Cascode amplifier. Chapter
3 covers JFET and MOSFET Amplifiers and includes small signal analysis of JFT amplifiers, small
signal analysis of MOSFET and JFET, common source amplifier, voltage swing limitations, small
signal analysis of MOSFET and JFET source follower and common gate amplifiers, BiMOS Cascode
amplifier.Frequency Analysis of BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers is discussed in Chapter 4 with a detailed
discussion on low frequency and Miller effect, high frequency analysis of CE and MOSFET CS ampli-
fier, short circuit current gain, cut off frequency, fa and fb unity gain and determination of bandwidth
of single stage and multistage amplifiers. Chapter 5 includes IC MOSFET Amplifier and discusses IC
viii Preface
Amplifiers, IC biasing current steering circuit using MOSFET, MOSFET current sources, PMOS and
NMOS current sources, amplifier with active loads, enhancement load, depletion load and PMOS and
NMOS current sources load, CMOS common source and source follower, CMOS differential ampli-
fier, and CMRR.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank the editorial team of the publisher, McGraw Hill Education for their profes-
sional way of dealing with this project.
S Salivahanan thanks his wife, Kalavathy, and his children for their enormous patience and coopera-
tion. N Suresh Kumar thanks his wife, Andal, and his children for their encouragement and moral
support during the writing of this book.
Constructive suggestions and corrections for the improvement of the book would be most welcome and
highly appreciated.
A number of reviewers took pains to provide valuable feedback for the book. We are grateful to all of
them and their names are mentioned as follows:
P L Ramesh
Shanmuganathan Engineering College, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu
M Arankulavan
Mahath Amma Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pudhukottai, Tamil Nadu
N Nirmal Singh
V V College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
A Gobinath
Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
N Umapathi
GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
J Williams
MAM College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamil Nadu
We are also thankful to ECE students from V V College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu for
reviewing the manuscript and providing their valuable feedback. Their names are mentioned as follows:
Amali Theres Rinoba Devisree
Amutha Evangeline Jeeva Sudhana
Ancy Steffina Gnanajesi Abiya
Angela Shajini Gracya
Anith Sheeba Elizabeth Hemalatha
Anto Jenisha Immastephy Indumathi
Anusha Sorna Jeron
Chinnamalar Priyanka Jeyashree
Christilda Jerlin Kana Sheran
Christy Karthika
Preface ix
Kavitha Vinitha
Kousika Alagusundari
Lydia Anitha
Mathumathi Aswini Chitra
Muhideen Fathima Byrose Divya
Nesa Stephila Mary Femino Jebica
Nisha Hannah Olive
Regina Jafny Moniza
Sabana Lalitha
Sahaya Marsha Manoha
Salini Ponmalar Muthu Lakshmi
Saranya Narmatha Nisha Flora Boby
Sharan Ebenezer Philomine Sony
Shilba Prema
Shunmuga Priya Princiya Beulah Rani
Sivasakthi Revathy
Sneha Janet Sangeetha
Suganya Selva Karthika
Uma Mageshwari Sujitha
Vijila Sweety Julia
Publisher’s Note
McGraw Hill Education (India) invites suggestions and comments from you, all of which can be sent to
[email protected] (kindly mention the title and author name in the subject line).
Piracy-related issues may also be reported.
