Table Of ContentEconomics of production, marketing and 
processing of mustard in Morena 
District (Madhya Pradesh) 
 
THESIS 
 
Submitted to the 
 
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior 
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of 
 
MASTER OF SCIENCE 
In 
AGRICULTURE 
 
(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT) 
 
by 
 
Rekha Sharma 
 
Department of Agriculture Economics and Farm Management 
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 
College of Agriculture 
Gwalior (M.P.) 
 
2015
CERTIFICATE-I 
 
  This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Economics of production, marketing 
and processing  of  mustard  in  Morena  District (Madhya  Pradesh)”  submitted  in 
partial  fulfilment  of  the  requirements  for  the  Degree  of  MASTER  OF 
SCIENCE/DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY  in  Agriculture  Economics  &  Farm 
Management  of  Rajmata  Vijayaraje  Scindia  Krishi  Vishwa  Vidyalaya,  Gwalior  is  a 
record of the bona-side research work carried out by Miss. Rekha Sharma under my 
guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the student’s 
Advisory Committee and the Director of Instruction.  
  No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma or has 
been  published.  All  the  assistance  and  help  received  during  the  course  of  this 
investigation has been acknowledged by scholar. 
                       
 
                       Signature 
Place:                        
Date:                    ( Dr. A.M. Jaulkar)   
                       Chairman of the Advisory Committee 
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE 
 
(Chairman) Dr. A.M. Jaulkar                           ………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. J.S. Raghuwanshi                                  ………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. O.P. Daipuria                       ………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. V.B. Singh                       ………………………...
CERTIFICATE-II 
 
This is to certify that thesis entitled “Economics of production, marketing and 
processing of mustard in Morena District (Madhya Pradesh)” submitted by Miss. 
Rekha Sharma to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior in 
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture 
in  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Economics  &  Farm  Management  has  been 
accepted after evaluation by the External Examiner and approved by the Student’s 
Advisory Committee after an Oral examination on the same.  
 
 
Place:                        Signature 
 
Date:                ( Dr. A.M. Jaulkar)    
                                     Chairman of the Advisory Committee 
               
MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE 
 
(Chairman) Dr. A.M. Jaulkar                                       
………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. J.S. Raghuwanshi                                               ………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. O.P. Daipuria                       ………………………... 
 
(Member) Dr. V.B. Singh                       ………………………... 
 
Head of the Department: ……………………………………………………………… 
 
Dean of the College: .…………………………………………………………………… 
 
Director of Instructions: ………………………………………………………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
 
To me it is pleasant duty to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who help 
and guided me in various ways during the course of my studies. 
The words can never express indebtedness but I take this opportunity to express 
my deepest and heartfelt gratitude to reverend chairman of my Advisory Committee, Dr. 
A.M.Jaulkar, professor College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) for suggesting the problem 
and for his valuable guidance and scholarly advice during the course of investigation 
and for his healthy criticism in preparing the present manuscript of this thesis to make 
this task a success. 
I sincerely owe my deep gratitude to the members of my Advisory Committee, Dr. 
J.S.  Raghuwanshi,  H.O.D,  Department  of  Agriculture  Economics  and  Farm 
Management, Dr. O.P.Daipuriya, Professor of agriculture Extension Education, and Dr. 
V.B. Singh, Department of Agricultural  Statistics, College of Agriculture, Gwalior for 
their meticulous guidance and valuable suggestions during the course of study.  
I am extremely grateful to Dr. J.S.Raghuwansi, Professor and Head, Department 
of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Dr. A. K. Singh, Vice Chancellor, Dr 
R.L. Rajput, Director Instruction, Dr. S.S. Tomar, Dean, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, 
RVSKVV, Gwalior, for providing necessary facilities for conductive research experiment.  
        Help extended in many ways by S.K. Sharma, Dr. Nisha Singh,  Rasmi Goyal, 
Rajkumari, Anita, Urvashi,Shalini, Sweta and Amrita are thankfully acknowledged. 
The patience and encouragement of my parents Mr. Jagdish Prasad Sharma, 
Mrs. Kamala Sharma, Uncle Dr. B.K. Sharma, Rambeer Sharma, Brother Rambihari, 
Avdesh, Rahul, Sister Usha Sharma, Kiran, Grand Pa Bahadurlal Bashishtha Grand ma 
Premvati Bashishtha, Father in law Mr. Ramavtar Vashishtha, Mother in law Mrs. Manju 
Vashishtha,  Husband  Rajiv  Vashishtha,  Brother  in  law  Mr.  Dharmendra  and  Ravi  
devotion and blessing have made my thesis possible. 
 
 
Date:      /      /2015 
Place: Gwalior                                                            (Rekha Sharma)
CONTENTS 
 
 
S.NO.  TITLE  PAGES 
     
1  INTRODUCTION  1-6 
     
2  REVIEW OF LITERATURE  7-18 
     
3  MATERIAL AND METHODS  19-27 
     
4  RESULTS  28-45 
     
5  DISCUSSION  46-51 
     
6  SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS  52-61 
     
7  BIBLIOGRAPHY  62-64 
     
  APPENDIX   I  i-x 
     
  VITA
Page. 
S.No  Title 
No. 
The distribution of mustard growers as per their age 
4.1  29 
and education levels in different size of holding. 
The  distribution  of  mustard  growers  as  per  their 
4.2  29 
strength of family in different size of holding 
The distribution of mustard growers as per their land use 
4.3  30 
pattern and level of irrigation in different size of holding. 
The distribution of mustard growers as per value of 
4.4  31 
the total farm assets in different size of holding. 
The  distribution  of  mustard  growers  as  per  input 
4.5  utilization and level of yield in mustard cultivation in  33 
different size of holding. 
The distribution of mustard growers as per cost of 
4.6  35 
mustard cultivation in different size of holding. 
The distribution of mustard growers as per profitability of 
4.7  36 
mustard cultivation in different size of holding. 
Average utilization, marketable and marketed surplus of 
4.8  38 
mustard in different size of holding. 
Marketing cost and margins at different marketing 
4.9  39 
channels of mustard (grain). 
Price spread in marketing of mustard (grain) through 
4.10  41 
different channel.   
4.11  Processing cost of mustard grain into oil.  42 
4.12  Realization and economics of processing of mustard.  43
Suggestions  confronted  by  sampled  mustard 
4.13  44 
growers for efficient marketing of mustard.
List of figure 
 
Fig.  In between 
Title 
No  pages 
Distribution of the mustard growers according 
1.   
to their age levels in different size of holding. 
Distribution of the mustard growers according 
2.  to  their  education  levels  in  different  size  of   
holding. 
Distribution of mustard growers as per their 
3.   
strength of family in different size of holding. 
Distribution of mustard growers as per their land 
4.  use pattern and level of irrigation in different size of   
holding. 
Distribution of mustard growers as per cost of 
5.   
mustard cultivation in different size of holding. 
Distribution of mustard growers as per profitability 
6.   
of mustard cultivation in different size of holding.
India is  predominantly an agricultural economy and  prosperity of its people 
depends  upon  the  progress  of  its  agricultural  sector.  It  can  be  said  for  the  Indian 
economy that its development is the function of agricultural development. India, an 
emerging  economy,  has  witnessed  unprecedented  levels  of  economic  expansion. 
Agriculture  continues  to  be  a    dominant  sector  in  the  Indian  economy.  The  direct 
contribution of the agriculture sector to national economy is reflected by its share in total 
gross domestic product (GDP), its foreign exchange earnings and its role in supplying 
saving and labour to other sectors. 
  After getting  self sufficiency in food grain availability the development agencies 
try to find out the development in oilseed production because of  high gap between 
demand and supply of oilseed in the country. Oilseeds are the most important sources 
of supply of edible oil in the country. Indian vegetable oil economy is the fourth largest in 
the world next only to USA, China and Brazil. Our country has distinction of having 
around 19 per cent of the total world’s oilseed area and accounts for 10 per cent of the 
world’s oilseed production. However, the productivity in India was only less than 10 
quintal/ha  as  compared  to  the  world  average  of  about  18  quintal/ha.  Research 
infrastructure  wise,  India  has  vast  network  of  oilseed  research  and  development 
programmes  and  has  the  distinction  of  having  impressive  scientific  and  technical 
manpower. In the past two decades, the attainment of compound growth rate of 6.5 per 
cent in India’s vegetable oil production front as against the world average compound 
growth rate of 3.5 per cent clearly shows the immense potential of our Indian vegetable 
oil sector to meet the future challenges.   
  In  the  domestic  agriculture  sector,  oilseeds  occupy  a  distinct  position  after 
cereals sharing 13 per cent of the country’s gross cropped area and accounting for 
nearly 3 per cent of the gross national product (GNP) and 10 per cent of the value of all 
agricultural  products.  The  oilseed  sector  has  been  playing  major  role  in  not  only 
reducing the gap in domestic demand and supply but also in earning valuable foreign 
exchange from its by-products. The major annual oilseed crops growing states are
Madhya Pradesh (22.2%), Gujarat (12.8%), Rajasthan (13.6%), Maharashtra (11.8%), 
Andhra Pradesh (10.7%), Karnataka (9.4%), Tamil Nadu (3.1%) and Uttar Pradesh 
(4.8%). Punjab, Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu 
and  Kashmir,  West  Bengal,  Orissa,  Kerala  and  north-eastern  states  are  covering 
remaining (11.6%) of oilseed growing area. In India, amongst the total oilseeds the 
groundnut  ranks  first  contributing  (32.4%)  of  the  total  output  followed  by  soybean 
(31.1%), rapeseed and mustard (24.5%) and the other six oilseed crops (12.0%). The 
production of 29.46 million tonnes (total) oilseeds in India shows the importance of 
oilseed in Indian economy. The importance of oil seed economy in India also reflected 
that the edible oil industry of the country comprises of 50,000 expellers, 600 solvent 
extraction plants, 300  vegetable oil refineries and 175 hydrogenation plants. The edible 
oil sector occupies a distinct position in Indian economy as it provides job to millions of 
people. It achieves on an average a domestic turn over of US $10 billion per annum and 
earns foreign exchange of US $90 million per annum. 
  On the other hand, per capita oil consumption in India is only 10.6 kg/annum, 
which  is low  compared  to  12.5  kg/annum  in  China,  20.8  kg/annum  in  Japan,  21.3 
kg/annum  in  Brazil  and  48.0  kg/annum  in  USA.  India,s  edible  oil  consumption  is 
traditionally region specific. Coconut, peanut and sunflower oil are widely consumed in 
South India, peanut and cotton seed oil are used in Gujarat, rapeseed oil is used in 
north east India, while soybean oil is more used in central India. Growing population, 
good  supply  conditions  and  rising  income  levels  of  Indian  consumers  are  likely  to 
contribute an increase in edible oil consumption. Edible oil consumption in India in 
marketing year 2012-13 was forecasted at about 18 million tonnes. The vegetable oil 
deficit in the same year was of more than 10 million tonnes. Soybean, rapeseed and 
peanut oils are the next largest edible oil after palm oil, consumption estimated at 2.9, 
2.4 and 1.3 million tonnes respectively. 
  The oilseed scenario in the country has undergone change in the last three 
decades. India has emerged from a net importer of edible oil in 1980s to a net exporter 
status during the early 1990s. It has again become a net importer accounting for more 
than 40 per cent of annual edible oil needs. The major contributors for the spectacular 
success during early 1990s were the oilseed production technology, the expansion in
Description:Department of Agriculture Economics and Farm Management .. Chambal Command Area comprising of Morena, Bhind, Sheopur and  machineries, farm building, and irrigation structure and drought animals.