e-government adoption model based on theory of planned behavior

103 Pages·2009·1.26 MB·English

E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION MODEL BASED ON THEORY OF
PLANNED BEHAVIOR: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS INSTITUTE
OF
THE MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BY
(cid:157)RFAN EMRAH KANAT
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
THE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
JULY 2009
Approval of the Graduate School of Informatics Institute.
Prof. Dr. Nazife Baykal
Director
I certify that this thesis satis(cid:28)es all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of
Master of Science.
Prof. Dr. Yasemin Yard(cid:25)mc(cid:25)
Head of Department
This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully
adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sevgi (cid:214)zkan
Supervisor
Examining Committee Members
Prof. Dr. Kadir Varo§lu (Ba‡kent University, BA)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sevgi (cid:214)zkan (METU, IS)
Dr. Ali Arifo§lu (METU, IS)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Tu§ba Temizel (METU, IS)
Asst. Prof. Dr. P(cid:25)nar (cid:147)enkul (METU, CENG)
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been ob-
tained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical
conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct,
I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not
original to this work.
Name, Last name : (cid:157)rfan Emrah Kanat
Signature :
iii
ABSTRACT
E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION MODEL BASED ON THEORY OF
PLANNED BEHAVIOR: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Kanat, (cid:157)rfan Emrah
M.S., Department of Information Systems
Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sevgi (cid:214)zkan
July 2009, 87 pages
The e-government phenomena has become more important with the ever increasing
number of implementations world wide. A model explaining the e-government adoption
andtherelatedmeasurementinstrument(cid:21)asurvey(cid:21)hadbeendevelopedandvalidatedin
this study. In a post technology acceptance model (TAM) approach, theory of planned
behavior (TPB) was extended to (cid:28)t the requirements of e-government context. The
adoption of student loans service of the higher education student loans and accommo-
dation association (KYK) was investigated to obtain data for empirical validation. The
instrument was administered to over four-hundred students and partial least squares
path modeling was employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that the model
was an improvement over TAM in terms of predictive power. The constructs investi-
gated in the study successfully explained the intention to use an e-government service.
Keywords: E-Government, Citizen Adoption, Adoption Models, Structural Equation
Modelling, Partial Least Squares Path Modelling
iv
(cid:214)Z
PLANLI DAVRANI(cid:147) TEOR(cid:157)S(cid:157)NE DAYALI B(cid:157)R E-DEVLET
BEN(cid:157)MSENMES(cid:157) MODEL(cid:157): AMP(cid:157)R(cid:157)K (cid:157)NCELEME
Kanat, (cid:157)rfan Emrah
Y(cid:252)ksek Lisans, Bili‡im Sistemleri B(cid:246)l(cid:252)m(cid:252)
Tez Y(cid:246)neticisi: Yard. Do(cid:231). Dr. Sevgi (cid:214)zkan
Temmuz 2009, 87 sayfa
E-devlet fenomeni say(cid:25)s(cid:25) d(cid:252)nya (cid:231)ap(cid:25)nda her ge(cid:231)en g(cid:252)n artan uygulamalar(cid:25)yla daha da
(cid:246)nemli hale gelmektedir. Bu (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡mada e-devletin vatanda‡lar taraf(cid:25)ndan benimsen-
mesini a(cid:231)(cid:25)klayan bir model ve modelle ba§lant(cid:25)l(cid:25) bir (cid:246)l(cid:231)(cid:252)m arac(cid:25) (cid:21)bir anket(cid:21) geli‡tirildi
ve do§ruland(cid:25). Teknoloji Benimsenmesi Modeli (TBM) sonras(cid:25) bir yakla‡(cid:25)m i(cid:231)erisinde,
Planl(cid:25) Davran(cid:25)‡ Teorisi (PDT) e-devlet kapsam(cid:25)na uyacak ‡ekilde geli‡tirildi. Y(cid:252)ksek
(cid:246)§retim kredi yurtlar kurumu (KYK) (cid:246)§renci kredileri servisi modelin deneysel do§ru-
lamas(cid:25)nda veri sa§lamak i(cid:231)in kullan(cid:25)ld(cid:25). (cid:214)l(cid:231)(cid:252)m arac(cid:25) d(cid:246)rty(cid:252)z(cid:252)n (cid:252)zerinde (cid:246)§renciye
uyguland(cid:25) ve elde edilen veri par(cid:231)al(cid:25) en k(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)k kareler yol modelleme ile do§ruland(cid:25).
Sonu(cid:231)lar modelin TBM (cid:252)zerine tahmin g(cid:252)c(cid:252) a(cid:231)(cid:25)s(cid:25)ndan bir ilerleme oldu§unu ve mod-
elde kullan(cid:25)lan yap(cid:25)lar(cid:25)n bir e-devlet servisini kullanma niyetini ba‡ar(cid:25)yla a(cid:231)(cid:25)klad(cid:25)§(cid:25)n(cid:25)
ortaya koydu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: E-Devlet, Vatanda‡ Benimsemesi, Benimseme Modelleri, Yap(cid:25)sal
Denklem Modelleme, Par(cid:231)al(cid:25) En K(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)k Kareler Yol Modelleme
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IwouldliketothankmysupervisorAsst.Prof.Dr. Sevgi(cid:214)zkanandAsst.Prof.Dr. Tu§ba
Ta‡kaya Temizel for their guidance and the discipline they provided through out my
thesis.
Iwouldliketopresentmythankstothefacultyandthesta(cid:27)ofInformaticsInstitute,
for their contributions to my education since my enrollment. Sibel G(cid:252)lnar deserves
special mention for her care and support.
It would only be fair to say that without Selda Eren’s invaluable friendship and
mentoring that this thesis would have never came through. Her experience into this
painful process greatly eased my pains. I also would like to thank my home-mate, gym-
buddy and brother Emre Sezgin for the support and friendship he provided through
out these years we have been together. The rootbeer team (cid:21)Mete (cid:214)zay, ˙a§lar (cid:147)enaras
and Ufuk Dumlu(cid:21) for all the fun and joy we had together and to my fellow system
administrators, Kerem Ery(cid:25)lmaz and Adnan (cid:214)zt(cid:252)rel, for covering for me during the
writing of this thesis.
I would like to thank the open source society as a whole for providing us with such
wonderful tools for free. This study was carried out solely with various open source
tools. While all were very helpful, the following deserve a special place because of their
most considerable contributions. Canonical inc. and the ubuntu society for bringing
Ubuntu to life, the wonderful free operating system. The R development core team for
the most (cid:29)exible statistical tool available to mankind. LATEX development team for the
greatest typesetting system ever came to existence.
I have to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for the genetic material and
other material bene(cid:28)ts they provided and to my sister for brightening my life.
vi
To one particular tabby cat...
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
(cid:214)Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
DEDICATON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Adoption Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 General Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.2 E-government Adoption Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Local Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Theory of Planned Behavior as an Alternative . . . . . . . . . 13
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17
3.1 Model Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1.1 Predictor Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
viii
3.1.2 Salient Beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2 The Setting of the Study and Instrument Development . . . . 22
3.3 Data Collection and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.1 Pilot Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.2 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3.3 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31
4.1 General Properties of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2 Testing the Initial Model with SEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.2.1 Instrument Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2.2 Model Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.3 Model Modi(cid:28)cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.1 Measurement Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.2 Structural Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.4 Testing the Modi(cid:28)ed Model with SEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.4.1 Instrument Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.4.2 Model Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.4.3 Model Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.4.4 Comparison to Alternate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.5 Reconsidering The Proposed Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5 CONCLUSION 61
5.1 Summary of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.2 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.3 Implication for Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
APPENDICES 72
AppeLndisitxoAf:Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
AppeEndthixicBs:Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
ix
AppeTndhiexMC:easurement Instrument (Turkish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Predictor Variable Items: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Belief Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
AppeTndhiexMD:easurement Instrument (English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Predictor Variable Items: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Belief Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
AppeTndhiexDEe:scriptive Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
AppeTndhiexRFa:w Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
x