Table Of ContentLogic in Asia: Studia Logica Library
Series Editors: Fenrong Liu · Hiroakira Ono
Beishui Liao
Thomas Ågotnes
Yi N. Wang Editors
Dynamics,
Uncertainty
and Reasoning
The Second Chinese Conference on Logic
and Argumentation
Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library
Editors-in-Chief
Fenrong Liu, Tsinghua University and University of Amsterdam, Beijing,
China
Hiroakira Ono, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST),
Ishikawa, Japan
Editorial Board
Natasha Alechina, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Toshiyasu Arai, Chiba University, Chiba Shi, Inage-ku, Japan
Sergei Artemov, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
Mattias Baaz, Technical university of Vienna, Austria, Vietnam
Lev Beklemishev, Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Russia
Mihir Chakraborty, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Phan Minh Dung, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Amitabha Gupta, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Christoph Harbsmeier, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Shier Ju, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Makoto Kanazawa, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan
Fangzhen Lin, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
Jacek Malinowski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Ram Ramanujam, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India
Jeremy Seligman, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Kaile Su, Peking University and Griffith University, Peking, China
Johan van Benthem, University of Amsterdam and Stanford University,
The Netherlands
Hans van Ditmarsch, Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses
Applications, France
Dag Westerstahl, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Yue Yang, Singapore National University, Singapore
Syraya Chin-Mu Yang, National Taiwan University, Taipei, China
Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library
Thisbookseriespromotestheadvanceofscientificresearchwithinthefieldoflogic
in Asian countries. It strengthens the collaboration between researchers based in
Asia with researchers across the international scientific community and offers a
platform for presenting the results of their collaborations. One of the most
prominent features of contemporary logic is its interdisciplinary character,
combining mathematics, philosophy, modern computer science, and even the
cognitiveandsocialsciences.Theaimofthisbookseriesistoprovideaforumfor
current logic research, reflecting this trend in the field’s development.
The series accepts books on any topic concerning logic in the broadest sense, i.e.,
books on contemporary formal logic, its applications and its relations to other
disciplines. It accepts monographs and thematically coherent volumes addressing
important developments in logic and presenting significant contributions to logical
research. In addition, research works on the history of logical ideas, especially on
the traditions in China and India, are welcome contributions.
The scope of the book series includes but is not limited to the following:
(cid:129) Monographs written by researchers in Asian countries.
(cid:129) Proceedings of conferences held in Asia, or edited by Asian researchers.
(cid:129) Anthologies edited by researchers in Asia.
(cid:129) Research works by scholars from other regions of the world, which fit the goal
of “Logic in Asia”.
The series discourages the submission of manuscripts that contain reprints of
previously published material and/or manuscripts that are less than 165 pages/
90,000 words in length.
Please also visit our webpage: http://tsinghualogic.net/logic-in-asia/background/
Relation with Studia Logica Library
ThisseriesispartoftheStudiaLogicaLibrary,andisalsoconnectedtothejournal
Studia Logica. This connection does not imply any dependence on the Editorial
OfficeofStudiaLogicaintermsofeditorialoperations,thoughtheseriesmaintains
cooperative ties to the journal.
This book series is also a sister series to Trends in Logic and Outstanding
Contributions to Logic.
For inquiries and to submit proposals, authors can contact the editors-in-chief
Fenrong Liu at [email protected] or Hiroakira Ono at [email protected].
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13080
Å
Beishui Liao Thomas gotnes
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Yi N. Wang
Editors
Dynamics, Uncertainty
and Reasoning
The Second Chinese Conference on Logic
and Argumentation
123
Editors
Beishui Liao ThomasÅgotnes
Centerfor the Studyof Language University of Bergen
andCognition Bergen,Norway
ZhejiangUniversity, Xixi Campus
Hangzhou, China
YiN.Wang
ZhejiangUniversity
Hangzhou, China
ISSN 2364-4613 ISSN 2364-4621 (electronic)
Logicin Asia: Studia Logica Library
ISBN978-981-13-7790-7 ISBN978-981-13-7791-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7791-4
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
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Preface
Logic and argumentation are two highly related but somewhat different research
areas.Inourdailylife,argumentationisubiquitous,includingnotonlydeliberation
and decision-making of individual agents, but also civil debate, dialogue, conver-
sation and persuasion among a group of agents. It is about how conclusions or
agreements can be reached through logical reasoning and/or dialogues. Unlike
classical logics by which a set of inconsistent premises can lead to arbitrary and
useless conclusions, (formal) argumentation can properly handle conflicting
information, returning a set of conclusions satisfying some rational criteria. So,
argumentation has a close relation to traditional non-monotonic logics and logic
programming,suchasdefaultlogic,circumscription,answersetprogramming,etc.,
where knowledge used for reasoning is allowed to be inconsistent. It has been
shown that a number of non-monotonic logics and approaches of logic program-
ming can be represented in argumentation. Besides inconsistency, another two
important properties of the reasoning systems with incomplete information are
uncertaintyanddynamics.Inrecentyears,differentapproacheshavebeenproposed
for combining argumentation and uncertainty, and for formulating dynamics of
argumentation.
This volume includes 6 papers selected from 16 submissions of the Second
Chinese Conference on Logic and Argumentation (CLAR 2018) in 2018 held in
Hangzhou,China,and3invitedpaperscontributedbyleadingresearchersinrelated
fields. These papers nicely cover the fields of logic and argumentation, and the
connection between them.
Ontheonehand,fromtheperspectiveofargumentation,reasoningisrealizedby
constructing, comparing and evaluating arguments. While the construction and
comparison of arguments are studied in the direction of structured argumentation,
which concerns how arguments and the relations over them are defined to satisfy
some rationality postulates, the evaluation of the status of arguments is handled in
an abstract argumentation framework (AF), which consists of a set of arguments
andanattackrelationoverthem.Amongasetofconflictingarguments,asubsetof
collectively accepted arguments is called an extension, and a function mapping an
AF to a set of extensions is called an (extension-based) argumentation semantics.
v
vi Preface
Intermsofdifferentevaluatingcriteria,therearedifferentargumentationsemantics,
including complete, grounded, preferred, stable, naive, etc.
Although argumentation semantics have been extensively studied in the argu-
mentationcommunity,therearestillsomeinterestingresearchproblems,especially
the ones related to uncertainty and dynamics. In this volume, Yuming Xu, Lidong
Xu and Claudette Cayrol provide a structural analysis of extension-based argu-
mentationsemantics,basedonanotionofjointacceptability.Theyshowthatusing
thisnewapproach,anadmissibleset,acompleteextension,orapreferredextension
can be iteratively built from a conflict-free collection of initial sets. Jérémie
Dauphin, Marcos Cramer and Leendert van der Torre introduce a dynamic
approach for combining argumentation semantics. They show that the merging of
preferred semantics and grounded semantics is complete semantics, and that fea-
turesofnaive-basedandcomplete-basedsemanticscanbemeaningfullycombined.
Stefano Bistarelli, Francesco Santini and Carlo Taticchi study the dynamics of
argumentationbyintroducinglocal-expansioninvariantoperatorsinargumentation
semantics,suchthatforconflict-freesetsoradmissiblesetsofargumentsinanAF,
applying such operators to the AF does not produce any change to the sets. Kang
Xu,BeishuiLiaoandHuaxinHuangpresentanapproachtoupdateanAFsuchthat
agivensetofargumentscanbeenforcedtobeanextensionoftheAF,bydefining
general rules. This approach is based on a notion of characterizing an AF with
respect to a given set of arguments.
On theother hand, from theperspectivesoflogicand theinterplay oflogic and
argumentation, inadditionto trying tounderstand thevarious logics themselves, it
is interesting to investigate how various logics can be represented by argumenta-
tion,andhowsomeaspects(e.g.semanticsandcomputation)ofargumentationcan
be formulated by logics. Along these lines, in this volume, Huimin Dong, Norbert
Gratzl and Olivier Roy propose a new solution to the well-known Free Choice
Permission Paradoxes, by combining ideas from substructural logics and
non-monotonic reasoning. Jie Fan introduces a uniform method for constructing
ultrafilter extensions from canonical models, based on the similarity between
ultrafilters and maximal consistent sets. Mengyuan Zhao develops game-theoretic
models as a unified account for both implicatures and soft presuppositions, and
explainswhysoft presuppositionsprojectnon-uniformly throughdifferent typesof
quantifiers, and why soft presuppositions are easily defeasible. It is interesting to
note that although these three papers do not directly focus on the connections
betweenvariouslogicsandargumentation,theysharesomeimportantaspectswith
argumentation, including utilizing principlesofnon-monotonic reasoning, defining
maximalconsistentsetsandhandlingdefeasibilityofreasoning.Besidesthesethree
papers, the remaining two papers are exactly in the direction of connecting logic
and argumentation. Sylvie Doutre, Andreas Herzig and Laurent Perrussel study
abstract argumentation in dynamic logic, by encoding AFs and their dynamics in
Dynamic Logic of Propositional Assignments (DL-PA). David Fuenmayor and
ChristophBenzmüllerutilizehigherorderautomateddeductiontechnologiesforthe
logical analysis of natural language arguments.
Preface vii
Wewouldlike tothank alltheauthorswho submitted contributions,theinvited
speakers(NatashaAlechina,AnthonyHunter,XudongLuoandTjitzeRienstra),as
well as the program committee of CLAR 2018 (Pietro Baroni, Stefano Bistarelli,
Alexander Bochman, Dragan Doder, Shanshan Du, Massimiliano Giacomin,
JiahongGuo,AndreasHerzig,FengkuiJu,FenrongLiu,HuLiu,MinghuiMa,Nir
Oren, Olivier Roy, Katsuhiko Sano, Guillermo Simari, Christian Straßer, Matthias
Thimm, Hans van Ditmarsch, Leon van der Torre, Serena Villata, Stefan Woltran,
Yun Xie, Fan Yang and Junhua Yu). We thank local organizers (Huimin Dong,
FanghongShiandTengYing)fortheirexcellentwork,andZheYuforherhelpin
the process of editing this volume.
Meanwhile, we are grateful to Fenrong Liu and Hiroakira Ono, the editor in
chief of this book series ‘Logic in Asia’ (LIAA), for their supportive recommen-
dationofthisvolumetoLIAA,andtoFionaWuandLeanaLi,fortheirsupportin
the process of publication of this volume.
Finally, we acknowledge that CLAR 2018 is financially supported by the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China for the project
Big Data, Reasoning and Decision Making.
Hangzhou, China Beishui Liao
[email protected]
Bergen, Norway Thomas Ågotnes
Hangzhou, China Yi N. Wang
January 2019
Contents
Structural Analysis of Extension-Based Argumentation Semantics
with Joint Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Yuming Xu, Lidong Xu and Claudette Cayrol
A Dynamic Approach for Combining Abstract Argumentation
Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Jérémie Dauphin, Marcos Cramer and Leendert van der Torre
Local Expansion Invariant Operators in Argumentation Semantics. . . . 45
Stefano Bistarelli, Francesco Santini and Carlo Taticchi
Updating Argumentation Frameworks for Enforcing Extensions. . . . . . 63
Kang Xu, Beishui Liao and Huaxin Huang
Open Reading and Free Choice Permission: A Perspective
in Substructural Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Huimin Dong, Norbert Gratzl and Olivier Roy
A Road to Ultrafilter Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Jie Fan
Soft Presuppositions as Scalar Implicatures in Signaling Games . . . . . . 135
Mengyuan Zhao
Abstract Argumentation in Dynamic Logic: Representation,
Reasoning and Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Sylvie Doutre, Andreas Herzig and Laurent Perrussel
Computational Hermeneutics: An Integrated Approach
for the Logical Analysis of Natural-Language Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . 187
David Fuenmayor and Christoph Benzmüller
ix
Contributors
Christoph Benzmüller Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Stefano Bistarelli Università degli Studi di, Perugia, Italy
Claudette Cayrol IRIT, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Marcos Cramer TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Jérémie Dauphin University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Huimin Dong Department of Philosophy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Sylvie Doutre IRIT, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
Jie Fan School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
David Fuenmayor Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Norbert Gratzl MCMP, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Andreas Herzig IRIT, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Huaxin Huang Center for the Study of Language and Cognition, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, China
Beishui Liao Center for the Study of Language and Cognition, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, China
Laurent Perrussel IRIT, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
Olivier Roy Institut für Philosophie, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Francesco Santini Università degli Studi di, Perugia, Italy
Carlo Taticchi Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
xi
