dual band microstrip implantable antenna design for biomedical applications a thesis submitted to

144 Pages·2015·16.55 MB·English

DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA DESIGN FOR
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BY
DAMLA ALPTEKIN
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENG.
AUGUST 2015

Approval of the thesis:
DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA DESIGN
FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
submitted by DAMLA ALPTEKIN in partial ful(cid:28)llment of the requirements
forthedegreeofMaster of Science in Electrical and Electronics Eng. De-
partment, Middle East Technical University by,
Prof. Dr. G(cid:252)lbin Dural (cid:220)nver
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
Prof. Dr. G(cid:246)n(cid:252)l Turhan Sayan
Head of Department, Electrical and Electronics Eng.
Prof. Dr. Nevzat G(cid:252)neri Gen(cid:231)er
Supervisor, Elec. and Electronics Eng. Dept., METU
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan
Co-supervisor, Elec. and Electronics Eng Dept., METU
Examining Committee Members:
Prof. Dr. Sencer Ko(cid:231)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU
Prof. Dr. Nevzat G(cid:252)neri Gen(cid:231)er
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU
Prof. Dr. G(cid:252)lbin Dural (cid:220)nver
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU
Prof. Dr. G(cid:246)n(cid:252)l Turhan Sayan
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU
Prof. Dr. Ergin Atalar
Elec. and Electronics Engineering Dept., Bilkent University
Date: 28.08.2015
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been ob-
tained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical
conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct,
I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not
original to this work.
Name, Last Name: DAMLA ALPTEKIN
Signature :
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ABSTRACT
DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA DESIGN FOR
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Alptekin, Damla
M.S., Department of Electrical and Electronics Eng.
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Nevzat G(cid:252)neri Gen(cid:231)er
Co-Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan
August 2015, 116 pages
In this study, numerical and experimental analysis of a dual band (Medical Im-
plant Communications Service-MICS; 402−405 MHz, Industrial, Scienti(cid:28)c and
Medical-ISM; 2.4−2.48 GHz) implantable antenna design for biomedical appli-
cations are presented. The proposed antenna is in the type of Planar Inverted-F
Antenna (PIFA) covered with a superstrate. For miniaturization, the metallic
patch of the antenna is meandered and shorting-pin is used between the patch
and ground plane. In addition, stacking patch structure is used to lengthen
the current (cid:29)ow path. Numerical analysis of the implant antenna is carried
out using commercially available Finite Element Method (FEM)-based High
Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. As a tissue model a generic
dispersive skin model is used. Two antenna designs are presented: an initial
antenna operating in MICS band and a miniaturized optimized antenna oper-
ating in dual band (MICS and ISM). For both antennas, a parametric antenna
model is presented and each antenna design step is explained. For experimental
studies, skin mimicking phantoms are developed in MICS and ISM bands. The
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proposed antenna is fabricated and in vitro tested. It is shown that the antenna
resonates at 403.5 MHz with a re(cid:29)ection coe(cid:30)cient of −23 dB, and a 10-dB
bandwidth of 56 MHz, which covers the MICS band, moreover, it resonates at
2.45 GHz with a re(cid:29)ection coe(cid:30)cient of −22 dB, and a 10-dB bandwidth of 200
MHz, which covers the ISM band. The maximum simulated gain is found as
-33 dBi. Communication link measurements are performed using commercially
availableMicrosemi-ZarlinkApplicationDevelopmentKitforMedicalTelemetry
(ZLE70102)inordertocheckthefunctioningoftheproposedantenna. Designed
antenna is inserted into MICS band phantom and it is achieved to wake-up base
station module at ISM band and to send data at MICS band in 4 meter range.
Moreover, patient safety issues, comparative analysis of radiation performance
for di(cid:27)erent phantom models, e(cid:27)ect of coaxial cable, far (cid:28)eld properties of im-
plantable antennas, and gain measurement of the electrically small antennas are
discussed.
Keywords: ImplantableMedicalDevices,ImplantableAntenna,ElectricallySmall
Antenna, Planar Inverted-F Antenna, Dual Band Medical Telemetry
vi
(cid:214)Z
B(cid:157)YOMED(cid:157)KAL UYGULAMALAR (cid:157)˙(cid:157)N V(cid:220)CUT (cid:157)˙ER(cid:157)S(cid:157)NE
YERLE(cid:147)T(cid:157)R(cid:157)LEB(cid:157)L(cid:157)R ˙(cid:157)FT BANTLI M(cid:157)KRO(cid:147)ER(cid:157)T ANTEN TASARIMI
Alptekin, Damla
Y(cid:252)ksek Lisans, Elektrik ve Elektronik M(cid:252)hendisli§i B(cid:246)l(cid:252)m(cid:252)
Tez Y(cid:246)neticisi : Prof. Dr. Nevzat G(cid:252)neri Gen(cid:231)er
Ortak Tez Y(cid:246)neticisi : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan
A§ustos 2015, 116 sayfa
Bu (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡mada; biyomedikal uygulamalar i(cid:231)in tasarlanan, (cid:231)ift bantta (Medikal
ImplantHaberle‡meServisi-MICS;402-405MHz,End(cid:252)striyel,BilimselveMedikal-
ISM; 2.4-2.48 GHz) (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡ma (cid:246)zelli§ine sahip, v(cid:252)cut i(cid:231)erisine yerle‡tirilebilir an-
tenin say(cid:25)sal ve deneysel analizi sunulmu‡tur. (cid:214)nerilen anten y(cid:252)zeysel devrilmi‡
F-anten (PIFA) tipinde olup, (cid:252)zeri (cid:252)stsubstrat ile kaplanm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Anten boyutu-
nun k(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)lt(cid:252)lmesi amac(cid:25)yla, metalik ‡erit b(cid:252)k(cid:252)lm(cid:252)‡ ve metalik ‡erit ile toprak
d(cid:252)zlemi aras(cid:25)nda k(cid:25)salt(cid:25)c(cid:25) pin kullan(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Ayr(cid:25)ca, ak(cid:25)m ak(cid:25)‡ yolunu uzatmak
amac(cid:25)yla katmanl(cid:25) yama yap(cid:25)s(cid:25) kullan(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Implant antenin say(cid:25)sal analizleri
piyasada mevcut olan ve Sonlu Eleman Y(cid:246)ntemine (FEM) dayal(cid:25) (cid:231)(cid:246)z(cid:252)m yapan
Y(cid:252)ksek Frekansl(cid:25) Yap(cid:25) Simulatoru (HFSS) program(cid:25) ile y(cid:252)r(cid:252)t(cid:252)lm(cid:252)‡t(cid:252)r. Doku
modeli olarak frekansa ba§l(cid:25) elektriksel (cid:246)zellikleri de§i‡en genel deri modeli kul-
lan(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. (cid:157)ki adet anten tasar(cid:25)m(cid:25) sunulmu‡tur: MICS bantta (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡an (cid:246)n anten
tasar(cid:25)m(cid:25) ve (cid:231)ift bantta (MICS ve ISM) (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡an k(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)lt(cid:252)lm(cid:252)‡ anten tasar(cid:25)m(cid:25). (cid:157)ki
anten i(cid:231)in de, parametrize edilmi‡ anten modeli sunulmu‡ ve her bir tasar(cid:25)m
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ad(cid:25)m(cid:25) a(cid:231)(cid:25)klanm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Deneysel (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡malar i(cid:231)in, MICS ve ISM bantta, dokunun
elektriksel (cid:246)zelliklerini taklit eden fantomlar geli‡tirilmi‡tir. (cid:214)nerilen anten (cid:252)re-
tilmi‡ ve bu fantomlar i(cid:231)erisinde test edilmi‡tir. Giri‡ geri d(cid:246)n(cid:252)‡ kayb(cid:25)n(cid:25)n 403.5
MHz’de -23 dB oldu§u ve 10-dB deki 56 MHz’lik bant geni‡li§i ile MICS ban-
d(cid:25)n(cid:25) kapsad(cid:25)§(cid:25) g(cid:246)sterilmi‡tir. Ayr(cid:25)ca, antenin 2.45 GHz de -22 dB’lik giri‡ geri
d(cid:246)n(cid:252)‡ kayb(cid:25)na sahip oldu§u ve 10-db’deki 200 MHz’lik bant geni‡li§i ile ISM
band(cid:25)n(cid:25) kapsad(cid:25)§(cid:25) g(cid:246)sterilmi‡tir. Antenin en y(cid:252)ksek kazan(cid:231) de§eri benzetimlerde
-33 dBi olarak bulunmu‡tur. Antenin i‡leyi‡ini kontrol etmek amac(cid:25)yla ticari
olarak bulunan Microsemi- Medikal Telemetri i(cid:231)in Zarlink Uygulama Geli‡tirme
kiti(ZLE70102)kullan(cid:25)larak,haberle‡mehatt(cid:25)(cid:246)l(cid:231)(cid:252)mleriger(cid:231)ekle‡tirilmi‡tir.Ta-
sarlanan anten MICS bantta (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡an fantom i(cid:231)erisine yerle‡tirilmi‡, 4 metrelik
bir mesafede baz istasyonu (cid:252)nitesi ISM bantta uyand(cid:25)r(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡ ve MICS bantta veri
g(cid:246)nderimi sa§lanm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Ayr(cid:25)ca; hasta g(cid:252)venli§i, farkl(cid:25) fantom modellerine g(cid:246)re
radyasyon performanslar(cid:25)n(cid:25)n kar‡(cid:25)la‡t(cid:25)r(cid:25)lmas(cid:25), e‡ eksenli kablonun etkisi, imp-
lant antenin uzak alan (cid:246)zellikleri ve elektriksel olarak k(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)k antenlerin kazan(cid:231)
(cid:246)l(cid:231)(cid:252)mleri tart(cid:25)‡(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Implant edilebilir Medikal Cihazlar, Implant Anten, Elekt-
rikselK(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)kAnten,Y(cid:252)zeyselDevrilmi‡F-Anten,˙iftBantMedikalHaberle‡me
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To my beloved mother...
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Nevzat G. Gen(cid:231)er.
I want to express my gratitude to him due to the entire support and assistance
he gave me throughout my thesis study. In addition, I would like to thank my
co-supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan. I want to present my appreciation
to her for spending her valuable time to my thesis study. I cannot achieve the
desired results without her guidance and encouragement. Therefore, I present
my endless appreciation to her.
Especially, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. G(cid:252)lbin Dural (cid:220)nver for initiating
me antenna design when I was an undergraduate student. Due to her positive
motivation and encouragement, I found the courage to start the graduate study.
I would also like to acknowledge the members of my thesis jury for having
accepted to examine this work and for their valuable comments and insights.
I would moreover thank Fikret K(cid:252)(cid:231)(cid:252)kdeveci and my friends from Kardiosis for
their precious support during my graduate study.
I would like to express my gratitude to the members of Brain Research Labo-
ratory; Dr. Reyhan Zengin, Balkar Erdo§an, Ekrem Bayraktar, and (cid:220)mit (cid:157)rgin
for motivating me in my hard times. I would also like to thank to my friends
from the Antenna Laboratory; Sava‡ Karada§, Yusuf Sevin(cid:231) and Feza Mutlu
for creating a lovely laboratory environment. I am grateful to Adem Ate‡ and
Erdin(cid:231) Yurdakul for their help in fabrication processes and measurement se-
tups. Without the talent of Erdin(cid:231), it would not be possible to overcome any
technological problem while prototyping.
I would like to thank my friends for all the great time we spent together: Mursel
Karada‡, for his support and friendship. I could never be able to become a
research assistant without his help. It is a privilege to work with such a clever
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