Table Of ContentDIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES OF
NATIONS IN
THE GLOBAL SOUTH
The Search for Leadership
Edited by
Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner
Diplomatic Strategies of Nations in the Global
South
Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner
Editor
Diplomatic Strategies
of Nations in the
Global South
The Search for Leadership
Editor
Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner
Political Science Department
The City College of New York
New York, USA
ISBN 978-1-137-45225-2 ISBN 978-1-137-45226-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-45226-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955734
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P
REFACE
This volume represents the product of several years of conversations and
presentations at academic workshops and conferences by the individual
authors as well as the editor. However, it refl ects above all the efforts of
the members of the Global South Caucus of the International Studies
Association, founded by the editor in 2012, to fulfi ll one of its goals:
that is, to disseminate to a wide audience the scholarship of persons from
the global south, in particular persons either living in the south or liv-
ing elsewhere but continuing to work in close collaboration with institu-
tions, research centers, and governments in the south. In this sense, it is
a follow-up to an earlier work of the author, Foreign Policies of the Global
South (Lynne Rienner Publishers 2003). It is often lamented that such
work remains distant from northern audiences, either because of language
diffi culties or because of resource limitations. Moreover, scholars in the
south may be quite content to publish in their own regional journals and
presses. While these are welcome channels, the editor and her colleagues
in the caucus have felt strongly that in an increasingly multipolar world,
it is not only desirable but also quite necessary that works of scholarship
from the south reach an audience across regions as well as in the north. In
that sense, publishing a book with Palgrave Macmillan, a publishing house
with a broad outreach, fulfi lls this ambition.
This book also refl ects another caucus goal, which is to establish a net-
work where younger and older scholars can work together and learn from
each other in useful and productive ways. Indeed, most of the scholars
who have contributed to this book are in the younger category: most
are in the early stages of their academic careers, and two are still doctoral
v
vi PREFACE
candidates at the time of writing. The combination should, it is hoped,
produce a melding of new ideas with experienced theorizing and writing.
Finally, the book fi lls a gap in research on foreign policy by combin-
ing the highly theoretical approach of foreign policy analysis with some
of the policy focus desired by those who practice diplomacy. While there
is a separation of these two in the academic world, in the world of praxis,
there is an emphasis on strategy that, however, can benefi t from academic
insights. In this book, authors have been left free to combine both as they
see fi t. The result is, we hope, a book that will be useful to all who special-
ize in international relations.
I wish to thank the International Studies Association for supporting the
work of the Global South Caucus by providing an avenue for debate on
global south international relations. The ideas contained here were nota-
bly formulated at the fi rst and second Global South International Studies
Conferences held in Menton (France, 2012) and in Singapore (2015),
respectively. Thanks also go to Chris Robinson and Anne Schultz, our
editors at Palgrave Macmillan for their patience and knowledgeable
advice. Of course, I thank all the contributors for their cooperation and
willingness to forge through revisions to ensure a coherent, integrated
text. Working with contributors from around the world can be a daunting
task, but it was made easier by the energy and good cheer of the chapter
authors who really embraced the spirit of the enterprise.
January 2016
New York, NY
C
ONTENTS
1 Introduction: Rise of Which Global South States? 1
Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner
Part I Seeking Global Leadership 2 5
2 Brazil’s International Rise in the Twenty-F irst Century:
Ambitions and Diffi culties 2 7
Mariana Kalil and Jacqueline Braveboy-Wagner
3 Aspiring to Be a Global Power: China’s Activism in
the Global South 5 9
James Char
4 From Reluctance to Readiness: India’s Foreign Policy
and Diplomatic Strategies in the Twenty-First Century 93
Monika Chansoria
5 South Africa in Africa and the World: The Diplomatic
Strategies of a Global–Regional Power 125
Karen Smith
vii
viii CONTENTS
Part II Regional-Subregional Leaders 153
6 Egypt as a Leading Nation: Regional Imperatives and
Domestic Constraints 1 55
Riham Bahi
7 Iran’s Permanent Quest for Regional Power Status 1 81
Luciano Zaccara
8 Nigeria’s Diplomacy: The Challenges of Regional Power
and Leadership in a Globalizing World 213
Paul G. Adogamhe
9 Uganda: A Mix of Strategies for Soft Power Goals 2 39
Lucy Shule
10 The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela: The Limits
of Ideological Diplomacy and Regional Leadership 2 63
Andrés Serbín and Andrei Serbin Pont
Part III Seeking Subregional Leaderships 291
11 Incapacity, Endowment, and Ambivalence: Deciphering
Azerbaijan’s Regional Leadership Strategy 293
Jason E. Strakes
12 Cuba: Still Punching Above Its Weight 3 19
Elsada Diana Cassells
13 Qatar’s Global Activism: Pursuing Ambition in the Midst
of Domestic and Regional Transitions 3 45
Imad Mansour
CONTENTS ix
14 Senegal: A New West African Leader in a
Globalized World? 3 71
Charles K. Amegan and Dêlidji Eric Degila
15 The Diplomacy of Singapore: Rationality and Pitfalls 393
Alan Chong
16 Conclusion: Lessons Learned 4 25
Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner
Index 4 39
N C
OTES ON ONTRIBUTORS
Paul G. Adogamhe is Professor of Political Science in the Department of Political
Science at the University of Wisconsin, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA. He holds M.
Phil. /Ph.D. degrees in International Relations from the Graduate Center of the
City University of New York, New York. He also received his M.A. degree in
International Political Economy and Development from Fordham University,
New York. The foci of his research interest include pan-Africanism, Nigeria’s for-
eign relations, issues of poverty and economic development in Africa and UN
reforms. Aside from the contributions to edited volumes, his scholarly articles have
been published in Nigerian Journal of International Affairs (NJIA), African
Integration Review, Poverty and Public Policy, African Integration Review and
Journal of Energy and Development , among others.
Charles K . A megan is an independent researcher, consultant, and Assistant
Professor of International Relations. He holds Masters’ degrees from Kiev
University, Ukraine, and from the Institute of Political Studies of Paris—Sciences
Po, France. He has taught courses on European integration, and African politics
and economic development, at Sciences Po, Paris, France; at the Croft Institute of
International Studies, University of Mississippi, USA; and in various American
university programs in Paris, including Columbia University, New York University,
Middlebury College, and Wesleyan University. His areas of research and teaching
include political life in France, European Union studies, French–African relations,
and economic and political development in Africa.
Riham Bahi holds a PhD from Northeastern University and is Assistant Professor
of International Relations in the Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo
University. She is also a visiting professor at the American University in Cairo. She
has also worked as the academic coordinator for Amideast Education Abroad
Program in Cairo. Her recent journal publications include “Iran Nuclear Deal: A
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