Table Of ContentDesign of Steel Structures
U.K. Edition
This book is the first in a series of joint SCI-ECCS publications, a series we believe
will be extremely helpful in guiding UK designers through the changes that the
Eurocodes represent. It is a derivative of the general ECCS book “Design of Steel
Structures”, and includes complementary UK-specific information relating to the
National Annexes and common practice. The level of detail provided means this
UK edition will help designers, whatever their previous experience, apply Eurocode
3 easily and correctly in the United Kingdom.
The book details the fundamental concepts of Eurocode 3, Part 1-1: General
rules and rules for buildings and considers their practical application. Following
a discussion of the Eurocode basis of design, including the principles of reliability
management and the limit state approach, the steel material standards and their
use alongside Eurocode 3 are covered. Structural analysis and modelling are
presented in a chapter that will assist the designer in the early stages of that
process. This is followed by a major chapter that presents the various design
criteria and approaches that should be used for different types of structural U D
member. The format of presentation is uniquely designed to ensure that rules for . e
practical application are a true reflection of the Eurocode theory. The following K s
cohf aspteteerl ss etrxupcatunrde so.n T thhreo upgrihnocuiptl ethse a nbdo oakp, pmlicaantyio nd eosfi genla setxica manpdle sp laasreti cu dseesdi gtno . E ig
facilitate the understanding of the reader and thereby enable a smooth transition d n
from earlier national standards to the Eurocodes. i o
t
i f
o
S
n
t
e
Luís Simões da Silva is Professor of Steel Construction at the Civil Engineering Department e Design of Steel Structures
of the University of Coimbra, in Portugal, and Director of Institute for Sustainability and l
Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE). He is president of the Portuguese Steelwork S
Association (CMM) and member of the Executive Board of the ECCS. He has authored over U.K. Edition
t
500 scientific articles in this field. r
u
Rui A. D. Simões is Professor at the Civil Engineering Department of the University of c
Coimbra, in Portugal, where he got his BSc in 1990, his MSc in 1995 and his PhD in 2000. t Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures
He is heavily involved in experimental research work and teaching of steel related courses u
in the BSc, MSc, PhD and continuous education programmes. He is member of the ECCS r Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Technical Committee TC9 – Execution of Steel Structures and of the Portuguese Steelwork e
Association (CMM). s
Helena Gervásio is Assistant Professor at the Civil Engineering Department of the University
of Coimbra, in Portugal. She is the Director of the R&D department of CoolHaven S.A. an
engineering company specialized in steel construction. She is member of the ECCS Technical Luís Simões da Silva
Committee TC14 - Sustainability & Eco-Efficiency of Steel Construction.
Rui Simões
Graham Couchman is the CEO of the Steel Construction Institute (SCI). SCI is the leading Helena Gervásio
independent provider of technical expertise to the steel construction sector in the UK. He
received his MA from Cambridge University in 1985, and PhD from the Swiss Federal Institute Graham Couchman
GHRL
oisf CTehcahirnmoalong yo,f LCaEuNsa/TnCne2 5in0 /1S9C944 .C Hoem hpaoss aituet hCoornesdt rnuucmtioenro.us publications and papers, and raham Coucelena Gerváui Simõesuís Simões d
hmsio a S
ECCS Eurocode Design Manuals an ilv
a
ECCS Eurocode Design Manuals
[email protected]
www.steelconstruct.com
D S
ESIGN OF TEEL
S
TRUCTURES
U.K. EDITION
ECCS EUROCODE DESIGN MANUALS
ECCS EDITORIAL BOARD
Luís Simões da Silva (ECCS)
António Lamas (Portugal)
Jean-Pierre Jaspart (Belgium)
Reidar Bjorhovde (USA)
Ulrike Kuhlmann (Germany)
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
Luís Simões da Silva, Rui Simões and Helena Gervásio
FIRE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
Jean-Marc Franssen and Paulo Vila Real
DESIGN OF PLATED STRUCTURES
Darko Beg, Ulrike Kuhlmann, Laurence Davaine and Benjamin Braun
FATIGUE DESIGN OD STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Alain Nussbaumer, Luís Borges and Laurence Davaine
DESIGN OF COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURES
Dan Dubina, Viorel Ungureanu and Raffaele Landolfo
ECCS – SCI EUROCODE DESIGN MANUALS
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, U. K. EDITION
Luís Simões da Silva, Rui Simões, Helena Gervásio and Graham Couchman
AVAILABLE SOON
DESIGN OF JOINTS IN STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Jean-Pierre Jaspart, Klaus Weynand
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Markus Feldman and Benno Hoffmeister
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES FOR BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC AREAS
Raffaele Landolfo, Federico Mazzolani, Dan Dubina and Luís Simões da Silva
INFORMATION AND ORDERING DETAILS
For price, availability, and ordering visit our website www.steelconstruct.com.
For more information about books and journals visit http://www.steel-sci.org.
D S
ESIGN OF TEEL
S
TRUCTURES
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
Part 1-1 – General rules and rules for buildings
U.K. Edition
Luís Simões da Silva
Rui Simões
Helena Gervásio
Graham Couchman
Design of Steel Structures
U.K. Edition
2014
Published by:
ECCS – European Convention for Constructional Steelwork
[email protected]
www.steelconstruct.com
Sales:
Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften
GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin Sales:
All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright
owner.
ECCS assumes no liability with respect to the use for any application of the material
and information contained in this publication.
Copyright © 2014 ECCS – European Convention for Constructional Steelwork
ISBN (ECCS): 978-92-9147-123-2
ISBN (Ernst & Sohn): 978-3-433-0313-53
Legal dep.: Printed in Multicomp Lda, Mem Martins, Portugal
Photo cover credits: Image courtesy of BCSA and Tata Steel
TABLE OF CONTENTS
T C
ABLE OF ONTENTS
FOREWORD xiii
PREFACE xv
U.K. FOREWORD xvii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. General Observations 1
1.2. Codes of Practice and Normalization 3
1.2.1. Introduction 3
1.2.2. Eurocode 3 6
1.2.3. Other standards 7
1.3. Basis of Design 8
1.3.1. Basic concepts 8 _____
v
1.3.2. Reliability management 10
1.3.3. Basic variables 13
1.3.3.1. Introduction 13
1.3.3.2. Actions and environmental influences 14
1.3.3.3. Material properties 15
1.3.3.4. Geometrical data 15
1.3.4. Ultimate limit states 15
1.3.5. Serviceability limit states 16
1.3.6. Durability 19
1.3.7. Sustainability 20
1.4. Materials 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.4.1. Material specification 21
1.4.2. Mechanical properties 23
1.4.3. Toughness and through thickness properties 25
1.4.4. Fatigue properties 28
1.4.5. Corrosion resistance 28
1.5. Geometric Characteristics and Tolerances 28
Chapter 2
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 35
2.1. Introduction 35
2.2. Structural Modelling 36
2.2.1. Introduction 36
2.2.2. Choice of member axis 38
2.2.3. Influence of eccentricities and supports 40
2.2.4. Non-prismatic members and members with curved axis 41
2.2.5. Influence of joints 46
_____ 2.2.6. Combining beam elements together with two and
vi
three dimensional elements 53
2.2.7. Worked examples 54
2.3. Global Analysis of Steel Structures 77
2.3.1. Introduction 77
2.3.2. Structural stability of frames 79
2.3.2.1. Introduction 79
2.3.2.2. Elastic critical load 82
2.3.2.3. 2nd order analysis 88
2.3.3. Imperfections 89
2.3.4. Worked example 96
2.4. Classification of Cross Sections 110
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 3
DESIGN OF MEMBERS 117
3.1. Introduction 117
3.1.1. General 117
3.1.2. Resistance of cross sections 118
3.1.2.1. General criteria 118
3.1.2.2. Section properties 120
3.1.3. Buckling resistance of members 123
3.2. Tension 123
3.2.1. Behaviour in tension 123
3.2.2. Design for tensile force 125
3.2.3. Worked examples 128
3.3. Laterally Restrained Beams 136
3.3.1. Introduction 136
3.3.2. Design for bending 137
3.3.2.1. Elastic and plastic bending moment resistance 137 _____
vii
3.3.2.2. Uniaxial bending 138
3.3.2.3. Bi-axial bending 139
3.3.2.4. Net area in bending 140
3.3.3. Design for shear 140
3.3.4. Design for combined shear and bending 142
3.3.5. Worked examples 143
3.4. Torsion 154
3.4.1. Theoretical background 154
3.4.1.1. Introduction 154
3.4.1.2. Uniform torsion 156
3.4.1.3. Non-uniform torsion 158
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.4.1.4. Cross section resistance in torsion 162
3.4.2. Design for torsion 164
3.4.3. Worked examples 166
3.5. Compression 172
3.5.1. Theoretical background 172
3.5.1.1. Introduction 172
3.5.1.2. Elastic critical load 172
3.5.1.3. Effect of imperfections and plasticity 177
3.5.2. Design for compression 183
3.5.3. Worked examples 188
3.6. Laterally Unrestrained Beams 196
3.6.1. Introduction 196
3.6.2. Lateral-torsional buckling 197
3.6.2.1. Introduction 197
3.6.2.2. Elastic critical moment 197
3.6.2.3. Effect of imperfections and plasticity 209
_____ 3.6.3. Lateral-torsional buckling resistance 211
viii
3.6.4. Worked examples 215
3.7. Beam-Columns 224
3.7.1. Introduction 224
3.7.2. Cross section resistance 225
3.7.2.1. Theoretical background 225
3.7.2.2. Design resistance 227
3.7.3. Buckling resistance 231
3.7.3.1. Theoretical background 231
3.7.3.2. Design resistance 234
3.7.4. Worked examples 243
