Design of antenna-diversity transceivers for wireless consumer products

210 Pages·2017·9.4 MB·English

Design of antenna-diversity transceivers for wireless
consumer products
Citation for published version (APA):
Leijten, L. (2001). Design of antenna-diversity transceivers for wireless consumer products. [Phd Thesis 1
(Research TU/e / Graduation TU/e), Frits Philips Inst. Quality Management]. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
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Published: 01/01/2001
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Design of Antenna-Diversity
Transceivers
for Wireless Consumer Products
LukasLeijten

Design of Antenna-Diversity
Transceivers
for Wireless Consumer Products
PROEFSCHRIFT
terverkrijgingvandegraadvandoctor
aandeTechnischeUniversiteitEindhoven
opgezagvandeRectorMagnificus,prof.dr.R.A.vanSanten,
vooreencommissieaangewezendoorhetCollegevoorPromoties,
inhetopenbaarteverdedigen
opdonderdag6september2001om16.00uur
door
Lukas Leijten
geborenteWoudenberg
Ditproefschriftisgoedgekeurddoordepromotoren:
prof.dr.ir.G.Brussaard
en
prof.dr.ir.W.M.G.vanBokhoven
Copromotor:
dr.ir. M.H.A.J.Herben
Theworkdescribedinthisthesishasbeencarriedout
atthePHILIPSRESEARCHLABORATORIESEindhoven,
theNetherlands,aspartofthePhilipsResearchProgramme.
CIP-gegevensKoninklijkeBibliotheek,DenHaag
Leijten,L.
DesignofAntenna-DiversityTransceivers
forWirelessConsumerProducts
ProefschriftTechnischeUniversiteitEindhoven,-Metlit. opg.,
-MetsamenvattinginhetNederlands.
ISBN90-74445-53-5
Trefwoorden:antennadiversity,draadlozecommunicatie,DECT,radiokanaal,metingen,
modellen,consumentenproducten
Subjectheadings: antennadiversity,wirelesscommunications,DECT,radiochannel,
measurements,models,consumerproducts
cKoninklijkePhilipsElectronicsN.V.2001
(cid:13)
Allrightsarereserved.
Reproductioninwholeorinpartisprohibited
withoutthewrittenconsentofthecopyrightowner.
Autnunquamtentesautperfice
∗
Ovidius,Arsamatoria1,389:Completewhateveryoustartordonotstartatall.
∗

Summary
Antenna-diversityimplementationsconsistoftwoormoreantennasandacircuittocom-
bine the antenna signals in an optimum way. The performance of an antenna-diversity
transceiver is better than a standard transceiver with a single-antenna. This improve-
mentcannoteasilyandinexpensivelybeobtainedbyothertechniques.Antennadiversity
is thereforean importantprinciple that can be implementedin manywireless consumer
products,likemobilephonesandwirelessnetworks.
In this Ph.D. thesis a procedure for the design of antenna-diversity transceivers for
wireless consumer products is presented. This procedure leads to an antenna-diversity
implementationthatisasbestaspossiblewithrespecttothecomplexityofthetotalcir-
cuit,thepowerdissipation,size,cost,andotherrelevantissues.Thefirststepistoanalyse
antenna-diversityprincipleswithsimulationswithrespectto,e.g.,efficiency,sizeandra-
diationpattern. Thenextstepistoanalysetheseconceptsforamulti-pathenvironmentto
obtainquantities,likesignal-to-noiseratioandbit-errorrate. Finally,aprototypeisbuilt
andfieldtestsareconductedtoobtainitsperformance.
A simulation tool is selected and a measurement set-up is devised for this proce-
dure. The simulationtool isbased on the Finite DifferenceTime Domain method. The
frequency-domainresponse ofthe radio channelincludingthe antennacharacteristicsis
obtainedwith the measurement set-up. Moreover,antenna-diversitytransceiverscan be
inserted into this set-up to measure their performance and to compare them with each
otherinaquantitativeway.
Signals are spread in time when travelling through the radio channel. Usually an
estimate of the spreading is obtained from wideband measurements or simulations. In
thisPh.D.thesisamethodispresentedtoobtainthisestimatefromnarrowbandmeasure-
mentsorsimulations. Thespreadingobtainedinthiswayisamorerealisticmeasurefor
the performance of an antenna-diversityreceiver. The method is applied to analyse the
relationbetweenthebandwidthofthetransmittedsignalsandtheperformanceofantenna-
diversitytechniques. Thisanalysisshowsthattheperformanceofalltechniquesreduces
ifthebandwidthisincreased.
Withthepresentedprocedureastate-of-the-artantenna-diversitytransceiverhasbeen
designedfor implementation in a portableconsumerproduct. This transceiverhas been
built and tested. It consists of a two-antenna space-diversity technique with a discrete
equal-gaincircuittocombinethesignals,thiscircuitisimplementedinitsbasebandpart.
Theantenna-diversitytransceiverhastheabilitytoimprovethesignal-to-noiseratiowith
afactorof5relativetoastandardsingle-antennatransceiver.
i
ii
Contents
Summary i
Symbolsandabbreviations vii
Listofsymbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Listofsubscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Antenna-diversityinhandsets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Goalandapproach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Backgroundandachievements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Theindoorradiochannel 9
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 DigitalEuropeanCordlessTelecommunicationssystem . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Characterisationoffadingmulti-pathchannels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 Classificationofsmall-scalefading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 WSSUSlineartime-variantchannel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.3 ClassificationoftheindoorDECTradio-channel . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 The´veninrepresentationofantenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5 TimedomainanalysisusingaGaussianmodulatedsinesource . . . . . . 17
2.5.1 Gaussianmodulatedsinesource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6 Lowpassrepresentationoftransmittedandreceivedbandpasssignals . . . 20
2.7 Delayspread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.7.1 Definitionofdelayspread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.8 Powerdelayprofileanddelayspreadobtainedwithwidebandpulses . . . 25
2.9 Powerdelayprofileanddelayspreadobtainedwithnarrowbandpulses . . 26
2.10 Practicalcalculationofthedelayspread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.10.1 Powerdelayprofileduration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.10.2 Delayspreadcalculationbasedonreceivedsignal . . . . . . . . . 33
2.10.3 Meandelayspreadobtainedfromthelocaldelayspread . . . . . 34
2.11 Bit-errorrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11.1 Bit-errorrateasafunctionofradiochannelparameters . . . . . . 37
iii