Design of an Attitude Dynamics and Control Subsystem for a medium earth orbit satellite

208 Pages·2.9 MB·English

by  Busch, Danny K

NPS ARCHIVE
1997.12
BUSCH, D.
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
THESIS
DESIGN OF AN ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
SUBSYSTEM FOR A MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT
SATELLITE
by
Danny K. Busch
December, 1997
Thesis Advisor: Brij Agrawal
Thesis Co-Advisor: Gangbing Song
B893
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY
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December 1997 Master's Thesis
4. TITLEANDSUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
DESIGN OFANATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM FOR A
MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE
AUTHOR(S)
6.
Busch, DannyK.
PERFORMING
PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)ANDADDRESS(ES) 8.
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Monterey, CA 93943-5000
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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)
The Department ofDefense has a continuing need for satellite communications to satisfy the demand for
information exchange for strategic, operational, and tactical warfighters. There is currently a transition
planning effort to develop a satellite communications architecture for the 2007-2010 time frame. During this
time all three current communication satellite systems; UFO, DSCS, and MILSTAR, are expected to degrade
rapidly. As part ofthe transition planning effort, the U.S. Navy was tasked to form a Mobile Users Study to
establish a framework for completing the detailed requirements and engineering work needed to develop the
UHF/Mobile User transition plan. Then, as part ofthe Navy effort, the Naval Postgraduate School's
Astronautical Engineering class SE-61 under Professor Brij Agrawal's guidance designed a proposed medium
Earth orbit communications satellite. This thesis is a design ofthe Attitude Dynamics and Control Subsystem
MUS
for the subject medium Earth communications satellite. The thesis describes and explores the five major
steps in designing an Attitude, Dynamics and Control Subsystem and focuses on key ADCS related areas that
are peculiar to a MEO satellite as compared to a GEO satellite.
14. SUBJECTTERMS 15. NUMBEROF
Attitude Dynamicsand Control Subsystem, ADCS, Medium Earth Orbit, MEO, Satellite Design, Spacecraft PAGES
Design, Communications Satellite. 198
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
DESIGN OF AN ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM FOR A
MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE
Danny K. Busch
Lieutenant, United StatesNavy
B.S., Belmont University, 1989
Submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
fromthe
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
December 1997
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
DUDLEYKNOX
LIBRARY
ABSTRACT
The Department ofDefense has a continuing need for satellite communications to
satisfy the demand for information exchange for strategic, operational, and tactical
warfighters. There is currently a Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Space (DUSD
(Space)) transition planning effort to develop a satellite communications architecture for
the 2007-2010 time frame. During this time all three current satellite systems; UFO,
DSCS, and MILSTAR, are expected to degrade rapidly. As part ofthe DUSD - Space
effort the U.S. Navy was tasked to form a Mobile Users Study to establish a framework
for completing the detailed requirements and engineering work needed to develop the
UHF/Mobile User transition plan. Then, as part ofthe Navy effort the Naval Postgraduate
School's Astronautical Engineering class SE-61 under Professor Brij Agrawal's guidance
designed a proposed medium Earth orbit communications satellite. This thesis is a design
of the Attitude Dynamics and Control Subsystem for the subject medium Earth orbit
MUS communications satellite. The thesis describes and explores the five major steps in
designing an Attitude, Dynamics and Control Subsystem and focuses on key ADCS
MEO GEO
related areas that are peculiar to a satellite as compared to a satellite.
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
VI
...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. 1
BACKGROUND
A.
1
Mission Overview and Requirements
1 1
2. Management Responsibilities 4
3. Concept ofOperations 7
4. Spacecraft Description 9
ATTITUDE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
B.
SUBSYSTEM - CONCEPTS AND DESIGN PROCESS 16
DEFINE CONTROL MODES AND SYSTEM
II.
LEVEL REQUIREMENTS 23
A. DEFINE CONTROL MODES 23
1 Orbit Insertion Mode 23
2. Acquisition Mode 23
3. Sun Acquisition Mode / Sun Hold Mode 23
4. Earth Acquisition Mode 23
5. Normal, On-Station Mode 24
6. Slew Mode 24
7. Contingency / Safe Mode 24
8 Orbit Maintenance / Orbit Transition Mode 24
B. SYSTEM LEVEL REQUIREMENTS 24
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION AND TYPE OF SPACECRAFT
III.
CONTROL BY ATTITUDE CONTROL MODE 27
A. ADCS FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION AND
COMPONENT OVERVIEW 27
TT&C 29
1.
2. Reaction Wheels 29
vn
...
3. Magnetic Torque Rods 29
4. Star Sensor 29
5. Global Positioning System 30
6. Inertial Reference Unit 30
7. Three Axis Magnetometer 30
8. Central Processor 31
9. Sun Sensor 31
10. Earth Sensor 31
TYPE OF SPACECRAFT CONTROL BY
B.
ATTITUDE CONTROL MODE
31
1 Orbit Insertion Mode 31
2. Acquisition Mode 32
3. Sun Acquisition Mode / Sun Hold Mode 32
4. Earth Acquisition Mode 32
5. Normal. On-Station Mode 33
6. Slew Mode 33
7. Contingency / Safe Mode 33
8 Orbit Maintenance / Orbit Transition Mode 33
THE MOTION OF THE SATELLITE AND THE
C.
SOLAR ARRAYS 36
IV. QUANTIFY DISTURBANCE ENVIRONMENT 43
A. EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE TORQUES 43
1 Solar Pressure Torques 44
2. Gravity Gradient Torques 45
3. Aerodynamic Torques 46
4. Disturbance Torques Due to the
Geomagnetic Field 47
MATLAB SIMULATION OF EXTERNAL
B.
DISTURBANCE TORQUES 50
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