Table Of ContentDermatoscopy A–Z
Dermatoscopy A–Z
Aimilios Lallas, MD, MSc, PhD
First Department of Dermatology
Aristotle University
Thessaloniki, Greece
Zoe Apalla, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Dermatology & Venereology
Aristotle University
Head, State Dermatology Department
Hippokratio General Hospital
Thessaloniki, Greece
Elizabeth Lazaridou, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Dermatology & Venereology
Head, Second Department of Dermatology
Aristotle University Medical School
Papageorgiou General Hospital
Thessaloniki, Greece
Dimitrios Ioannides, MD, PhD
Professor of Dermatology and Venereology
Head, 1st Department of Dermatology
Aristotle University
Hospital of Skin and Venereal Diseases
Thessaloniki, Greece
Co-authors
Theodosia Gkentsidi
Christina Fotiadou
Theocharis-Nektarios Kirtsios
Eirini Kyrmanidou
Konstantinos Lallas
Chryssoula Papageorgiou
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lallas, Aimilios, author. | Apalla, Zoe, author. | Lazaridou, Elizabeth, author. | Ioannides,
Dimitrios, author.
Title: Dermatoscopy A-Z / Aimilios Lallas, Zoe Apalla, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Dimitrios Ioannides.
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2019034433 (print) | LCCN 2019034434 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367197810
(paperback ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9780367197841 (hardback ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9780429243240
(ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Skin Diseases--diagnosis | Dermoscopy--methods | Skin Pigmentation
Classification: LCC RL105 (print) | LCC RL105 (ebook) | NLM WR 141 | DDC 616.5/075--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019034433
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019034434
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To the teachers who inspire us and the pupils who teach us
To the wonderful dermatoscopy family worldwide
Contents
Preface .......................................................................................................................................xi
1 Introduction to Dermatoscopy .........................................................................................1
1.1 Device .......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Basic Parameters .......................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Colors ...........................................................................................................1
1.2.2 Basic Structures ............................................................................................5
1.3 Light Modes .............................................................................................................13
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................15
2 Nevi ....................................................................................................................................17
2.1 Common Nevi ..........................................................................................................19
2.1.1 Nevi of Trunk and Extremities ....................................................................19
2.1.2 Scalp Nevi ..................................................................................................24
2.1.3 Facial Nevi .................................................................................................24
2.1.4 Acral Nevi ..................................................................................................24
2.1.5 Subungual Nevi ..........................................................................................28
2.1.6 Mucosal Nevi .............................................................................................28
2.2 Spitz and Reed Nevi ................................................................................................29
2.2.1 Vessels and White Network (Nonpigmented Spitz Nevus) ........................29
2.2.2 Globules and White Network (Pigmented Spitz Nevus) ............................30
2.2.3 Starburst Pattern (Reed Nevus) ..................................................................30
2.3 Blue Nevi .................................................................................................................32
2.4 Special Nevus Types ................................................................................................33
2.4.1 Traumatized Nevus (Targetoid Hemosiderotic Nevus) ...............................33
2.4.2 Eczematous Nevus (Meyerson Nevus) ........................................................33
2.4.3 Halo Nevus (Sutton Nevus) .........................................................................33
2.4.4 Balloon Cell Nevus .....................................................................................35
2.4.5 Sclerosing Nevus (with Pseudomelanoma Features) ..................................36
2.4.6 Recurrent Nevus .........................................................................................36
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................36
3 Melanoma.........................................................................................................................39
3.1 Conventional Melanoma .........................................................................................40
3.1.1 Melanoma of the Trunk and the Extremities .............................................40
3.1.2 Facial Melanoma ........................................................................................48
3.1.3 Acral Melanoma ..........................................................................................52
3.1.4 Subungual Melanoma .................................................................................56
3.1.5 Mucosal Melanoma ....................................................................................60
3.2 Nodular Melanoma .................................................................................................63
3.3 Amelanotic Melanoma ............................................................................................66
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................70
vii
viii Contents
4 Benign Nonmelanocytic Skin Tumors ............................................................................75
4.1 Epithelial Skin Tumors ............................................................................................75
4.1.1 Solar Lentigo ...............................................................................................75
4.1.2 Ink-Spot Lentigo ..........................................................................................75
4.1.3 Seborrheic Keratosis...................................................................................77
4.1.4 Lichen Planus–Like Keratosis ....................................................................80
4.2 Vascular Tumors .....................................................................................................80
4.2.1 Cherry Angioma .........................................................................................80
4.2.2 Angiokeratoma ............................................................................................81
4.2.3 Pyogenic Granuloma ...................................................................................81
4.2.4 Subcorneal and Subungual Hemorrhage .....................................................81
4.3 Tumors of the Fibrous Tissue ..................................................................................82
4.3.1 Dermatofibroma .........................................................................................82
4.4 Common Adnexal Tumors ......................................................................................84
4.4.1 Sebaceous Hyperplasia ...............................................................................84
4.4.2 Eccrine Poroma ..........................................................................................84
4.5 Clear Cell Acanthoma .............................................................................................86
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................86
5 Malignant Nonmelanocytic Tumors ..............................................................................89
5.1 Basal Cell Carcinoma .............................................................................................89
5.1.1 Dermatoscopy and Histopathologic Subtype .............................................90
5.1.2 Dermatoscopy and Response to Treatment ................................................94
5.2 Keratinocyte Skin Cancer .......................................................................................96
5.2.1 Actinic Keratosis ........................................................................................96
5.2.2 Intraepidermal Carcinoma or Bowen’s Disease .........................................99
5.2.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma .......................................................................100
5.2.4 Dermatoscopic Model of the Progression from Actinic Keratosis
into Squamous Cell Carcinoma .................................................................104
5.3 Basosquamous Carcinoma .....................................................................................105
5.4 Merkel Cell Carcinoma ..........................................................................................106
5.5 Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma ............................107
5.6 Malignant Vascular Tumors ...................................................................................107
5.6.1 Kaposi Sarcoma ........................................................................................107
5.6.2 Angiosarcoma ...........................................................................................108
Bibliography .....................................................................................................................108
6 Inflammatory Skin Diseases .........................................................................................111
6.1 Psoriasis .................................................................................................................111
6.2 Dermatitis ..............................................................................................................113
6.3 Lichen Planus .........................................................................................................113
6.4 Pityriasis Rosea ......................................................................................................115
6.5 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ...............................................................................116
6.6 Lichen Sclerosus and Morphea ..............................................................................117
6.7 Granulomatous Skin Diseases ...............................................................................117
6.7.1 Sarcoidosis and Lupus Vulgaris ................................................................118
6.7.2 Necrobiosis Lipoidica and Granuloma Annulare ......................................118
6.8 Rosacea ..................................................................................................................119
Contents ix
6.9 Porokeratosis ..........................................................................................................121
6.10 Urticaria and Urticarial Vasculitis .........................................................................121
6.11 Mastocytosis ..........................................................................................................122
6.12 Pigmented Purpuric Dermatoses ...........................................................................122
6.13 Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris ..........................................................................................122
6.14 Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta .......................................................123
6.15 Prurigo Nodularis ..................................................................................................123
6.16 Acquired Perforating Dermatoses ........................................................................124
6.17 Grover’s Disease and Darier Disease ....................................................................124
6.18 Mycosis Fungoides .................................................................................................125
6.19 Lymphomatoid Papulosis .......................................................................................126
Bibliography .....................................................................................................................126
7 Infectious Skin Diseases ................................................................................................131
7.1 Parasitoses ..............................................................................................................131
7.1.1 Scabies .......................................................................................................131
7.1.2 Pediculosis .................................................................................................131
7.2 Viral Infections ......................................................................................................134
7.2.1 Molluscum Contagiosum ..........................................................................134
7.2.2 Human Papillomavirus Infections .............................................................136
7.3 Other Infections .....................................................................................................139
7.3.1 Tick Bites ...................................................................................................139
7.3.2 Demodicosis ..............................................................................................139
7.3.3 Leishmaniasis ............................................................................................140
7.3.4 Tinea Corporis...........................................................................................141
Bibliography .....................................................................................................................141
8 Trichoscopy .....................................................................................................................143
8.1 Noncicatricial Alopecias ........................................................................................144
8.1.1 Androgenetic Alopecia (Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss) .................144
8.1.2 Alopecia Areata.........................................................................................147
8.1.3 Trichotillomania ........................................................................................151
8.1.4 Tinea Capitis .............................................................................................153
8.2 Primary Cicatricial Alopecias ...............................................................................154
8.2.1 Lichen Planopilaris ....................................................................................154
8.2.2 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ...................................................................156
8.2.3 Folliculitis Decalvans ................................................................................158
8.2.4 Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp ..............................................................159
8.3 Trichoscopy in Children ........................................................................................159
8.3.1 Temporal Triangular Alopecia ..................................................................159
8.3.2 Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome ..................................................................160
8.3.3 Aplasia Cutis .............................................................................................160
8.4 Hair Shaft Deformities ...........................................................................................161
8.4.1 Monilethrix ...............................................................................................161
8.4.2 Pseudomonilethrix or Pohl-Pinkus Constrictions .....................................161
8.4.3 Trichorrhexis Nodosa ................................................................................161
8.4.4 Trichorrhexis Invaginata ...........................................................................162
8.4.5 Trichoptilosis .............................................................................................163
