Depth Map and 3D Imaging Applications: Algorithms and Technologies

648 Pages·2011·21.09 MB·English

by  Aamir Saeed Malik

Depth Map and 3D
Imaging Applications:
Algorithms and Technologies
Aamir Saeed Malik
Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Tae-Sun Choi
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Humaira Nisar
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
Managing Director: Lindsay Johnston
Book Production Manager: Sean Woznicki
Development Manager: Joel Gamon
Development Editor: Michael Killian
Acquisitions Editor: Erika Carter
Typesetters: Mackenzie Snader
Print Coordinator: Jamie Snavely
Cover Design: Nick Newcomer
Published in the United States of America by
Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)
701 E. Chocolate Avenue
Hershey PA 17033
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.igi-global.com
Copyright © 2012 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.
Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or
companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Depth map and 3D imaging applications: algorithms and technologies / Aamir
Saeed Malik, Tae Sun Choi, and Humaira Nisar, editors.
p. cm.
Summary: “This book present various 3D algorithms developed in the recent
years to investigate the application of 3D methods in various domains,
including 3D imaging algorithms, 3D shape recovery, stereoscopic vision and
autostereoscopic vision, 3D vision for robotic applications, and 3D imaging
applications”-- Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61350-326-3 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-61350-327-0 (ebook) -- ISBN
978-1-61350-328-7 (print & perpetual access) 1. Algorithms. 2. Three-
dimensional imaging. I. Malik, Aamir Saeed, 1969- II. Choi, Tae Sun, 1952-
III. Nisar, Humaira, 1970- IV. Title: Depth map and three-D imaging
applications.
QA9.58.D47 2012
621.36’7015181--dc23
2011031955
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the
authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Editorial Advisory Board
Fabrice Meriaudeau, University of Bourgogne, France
Naeem Azeemi, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan
Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Martin Reczko, Synaptic Ltd., Greece
Iftikhar Ahmad, Nokia, Finland
Nidal Kamel, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, University of Cambridge, UK
Asifullah Khan, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan
List of Reviewers
Aamir Saeed Malik, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Abdul Majid, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan
Andreas F. Koschan, University of Tennessee, USA
Antonios Gasteratos, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Asifullah Khan, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan
Aurelian Ovidius Trufasu, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania
Fabrice Meriaudeau, University of Bourgogne, France
Fakhreddine Ababsa, University of Evry Val d’Essonne, France
Hiroki Takada, University of Fukui, Japan
Humaira Nisar, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak, Malaysia
Ibrahima Faye, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Iftikhar Ahmad, Nokia, Finland
Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Mannan Saeed, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea
Martin Reczko, Synaptic Ltd., Greece
Mercedes Farjas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Muzaffar Dajalov, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea
Naeem Azeemi, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan
Nidal Kamel, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Song Zhang, Iowa State University, USA
Tae-Seong Kim, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
Tae-Sun Choi, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea
Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, University of Cambridge, UK
Table of Contents
Foreword ...............................................................................................................................................ix
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgment .................................................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1
Introduction to 3D Imaging ....................................................................................................................1
Aamir Saeed Malik, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Humaira Nisar, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Section 1
3D Imaging Methods
Chapter 2
Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction Technique ......................................................................................10
Peng Song, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Xiaojun Wu, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, China
Chapter 3
Forward Projection for Use with Iterative Reconstruction ...................................................................27
Raja Guedouar, Higher School of Health Sciences and Technics of Monastir, Tunisia
Boubaker Zarrad, Higher School of Health Sciences and Technics of Monastir, Tunisia
Chapter 4
Algorithms for 3D Map Segment Registration .....................................................................................56
Hao Men, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Chapter 5
3D Shape Compression Using Holoimage ...........................................................................................87
Nikolaus Karpinsky, Iowa State University, USA
Song Zhang, Iowa State University, USA
Chapter 6
Restoration and Enhancement of Digitally Reconstructed Holographic Images ................................105
Rajeev Srivastava, Banaras Hindu University, India
Chapter 7
High-Speed, High-Resolution 3D Imaging Using Projector Defocusing ...........................................121
Song Zhang, Iowa State University, USA
Yuanzheng Gong, Iowa State University, USA
Section 2
Shape From X: Algorithms & Techniques
Chapter 8
Three-Dimensional Scene Reconstruction: A Review of Approaches ................................................142
Dimitrios Chrysostomou, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Antonios Gasteratos, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Chapter 9
Comparison of Focus Measures under the Influence of Various Factors Effecting their Performance ......163
Aamir Saeed Malik, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
Chapter 10
Image Focus Measure Based on Energy of High Frequency Components in S-Transform ...............189
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood, Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea
Tae-Sun Choi, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Chapter 11
Combining Focus Measures for Three Dimensional Shape Estimation
Using Genetic Programming ...............................................................................................................209
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood, Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea
Tae-Sun Choi, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Chapter 12
“Scanning from Heating” and “Shape from Fluorescence”: Two Non-Conventional
Imaging Systems for 3D Digitization of Transparent Objects ............................................................229
Fabrice Mériaudeau, Université de Bourgogne, France
R. Rantoson, Université de Bourgogne, France
G. Eren, Université de Bourgogne, France
L. Sanchez-Sécades, Université de Bourgogne, France
O. Aubreton, Université de Bourgogne, France
A. Bajard, Université de Bourgogne, France
D. Fofi, Université de Bourgogne, France
I. Mohammed, Université de Bourgogne, France
O. Morel, Université de Bourgogne, France
C. Stolz, Université de Bourgogne, France
F. Truchetet, Université de Bourgogne, France
Section 3
Stereoscopy & Autostereoscopy
Chapter 13
Modular Stereo Vision: Model and Implementation...........................................................................245
Ng Oon-Ee, Monash University Sunway Campus, Malaysia
Velappa Ganapathy, University of Malaya, Malaysia
S.G. Ponnambalam, Monash University Sunway Campus, Malaysia
Chapter 14
Stereoscopic Vision for Off-Road Intelligent Vehicles .......................................................................268
Francisco Rovira-Más, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
Chapter 15
Effectiveness of New Technology to Compose Stereoscopic Movies ................................................286
Hiroki Takada, University of Fukui, Japan
Yasuyuki Matsuura, Nagoya University, Japan
Masaru Miyao, Nagoya University, Japan
Chapter 16
Low-Complexity Stereo Matching and Viewpoint Interpolation in Embedded
Consumer Applications .......................................................................................................................307
Lu Zhang, IMEC, Belgium
Ke Zhang, IMEC, Belgium
Jiangbo Lu, Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore
Tian-Sheuan Chang, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan
Gauthier Lafruit, IMEC, Belgium
Chapter 17
The Use of Watermarking in Stereo Imaging .....................................................................................331
Dinu Coltuc, Valahia University Targoviste, Romania
Chapter 18
Introduction to Autostereoscopic Displays .........................................................................................346
Armin Grasnick, Sunny Ocean Studios Pte. Ltd., Singapore
Chapter 19
Multi-View Autostereoscopic Visualization using Bandwidth-Limited Channels .............................363
Svitlana Zinger, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Yannick Morvan, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands
Daniel Ruijters, Philips Healthcare, The Netherlands
Luat Do, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Peter H. N. de With, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands &
Cyclomedia Technology B.V., The Netherlands
Section 4
Robotic Vision
Chapter 20
3D Scene Capture and Analysis for Intelligent Robotics ....................................................................380
Ray Jarvis, Monash University, Australia
Chapter 21
Stereo Vision Depth Estimation Methods for Robotic Applications ..................................................397
Lazaros Nalpantidis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden
Antonios Gasteratos, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Chapter 22
Stereo-Vision-Based Fire Detection and Suppression Robot for Buildings .......................................418
Chao-Ching Ho, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Section 5
3D Imaging Applications
Chapter 23
3D DMB Player and Its Reliable 3D Services in T-DMB Systems ....................................................434
Cheolkon Jung, Xidian University, China
Licheng Jiao, Xidian University, China
Chapter 24
3D Scanner, State of the Art ................................................................................................................451
Francesco Bellocchio, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Stefano Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Chapter 25
3D Imaging for Mapping and Inspection Applications in Outdoor Environments .............................471
Sreenivas R. Sukumar, The University of Tennessee, USA
Andreas F. Koschan, The University of Tennessee, USA
Mongi A. Abidi, The University of Tennessee, USA
Chapter 26
3D Laser Scanner Techniques: A Novel Application for the Morphological
Study of Meteorite Impact Rocks .......................................................................................................500
Mercedes Farjas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Jesús Martinez-Frias, NASA Astrobiology Institute, Spain
Jose María Hierro, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Chapter 27
3D Camera Tracking for Mixed Reality using Multi-Sensors Technology ........................................528
Fakhreddine Ababsa, University of Evry Val d’Essonne, France
Iman Maissa Zendjebil, University of Evry Val d’Essonne, France
Jean-Yves Didier, University of Evry Val d’Essonne, France
Chapter 28
Recovering 3-D Human Body Postures from Depth Maps and Its Application
in Human Activity Recognition ..........................................................................................................540
Nguyen Duc Thang, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Md. Zia Uddin, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Young-Koo Lee, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Sungyoung Lee, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Tae-Seong Kim, Kyung Hee University, Korea
Chapter 29
3D Face Recognition using an Adaptive Non-Uniform Face Mesh ...................................................562
Wei Jen Chew, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Kah Phooi Seng, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Li-Minn Ang, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Chapter 30
Subject Independent Facial Expression Recognition from 3D Face Models
using Deformation Modeling ..............................................................................................................574
Ruchir Srivastava, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Shuicheng Yan, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Terence Sim, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Surendra Ranganath, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
Chapter 31
3D Thumbnails for 3D Videos with Depth .........................................................................................596
Yeliz Yigit, Bilkent University, Turkey
S. Fatih Isler, Bilkent University, Turkey
Tolga Capin, Bilkent University, Turkey
About the Contributors ....................................................................................................................609
Index ...................................................................................................................................................625
ix
Foreword
Imaging is as old as human intelligence. Indeed, anthropologists identify the point of departure between
animal and human at the point where the creature felt the need to create an image. The creation of im-
ages in prehistoric times was a means of teaching hunting techniques, recording important events, and
communicating (Figure1). It is from those elementary images that hieroglyphs evolved and eventually
alphabets. Imaging has always been part of human culture. Its decorative nature was perhaps less im-
portant than its role in recording significant events, mainly for impressing the masses for the importance
and glory of its rich and powerful patrons. In the last 200 years or so, technology-based imaging started
to co-exist in parallel with manual imaging, restricting the role of the latter mainly to art. Technology
based imaging is nowadays very much a major part of our everyday life, through its medical applica-
tions, routine surveillance, or entertainment. However, imaging has always been haunted by the need to
depict a 3D world on a 2D medium. This has been a problem that pertains to paintings throughout the
millennia: from the ancient Egyptians, who were painting full eyes even when seen sideways, to Pi-
Figure 1.