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V
Brief contents
PART 1 THE ABC OF ARTS EDUCATION
Chapter 1 Putting you in the picture - the rationale and context
for arts education .............................................................. 02
Chapter 2 The features of authentic arts education ........................ 29
Chapter 3 Being an effective teacher in The Arts ............................. 62
Chapter 4 Children at the centre ....................................................... 92
Chapter 5 Planning. pedagogy and assessment for authentic
arts learning ...................................................................... 126
PART 2 TEACHING IN THE ARTS
Chapter 6 Dance ................................................................................ 160
Chapter 7 Drama ................................................................................ 199
Chapter 8 Media arts ......................................................................... 242
Chapter 9 Music ................................................................................. 285
Chapter 10 Visual arts .......................................................................... 327
PART 3 UNITS OF INQUIRY ..................................................... 373
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Contents
Guide to the text A varied picture of classroom
•• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••X 11
Guide to the online resources ........................... xvii practices ............................................................1 9
Introduction .......................................................... xix Your role in creating a meaningful
Is this book for you? ............................................. xx Arts program ................................................... 20
How this text is organised .................................. xx Online resources: Arts in education
Pedagogical tools ............................................... xxi research and advocacy ................................... 22
Terminology ......................................................... xxi Summary ............................................................... 22
References .......................................................... xxii Go fu~~ ............................................................. ~
About the author ............................................... xxiii Learning activities ................................................ 24
Acknowledgements ........................................... xxiii Further reading .................................................... 25
References ............................................................ 25
Chapter 2 The features of authentic
PART 1 THE ABC OF ARTS
arts education 29
EDUCATION
The nature of authentic arts education ............. 30
Arts education's threshold concepts ................ 31
Chapter 1 Putting you in the picture -
The Arts are meaning-making
the rationale and context
experiences. ..................................................... 31
for arts education 2
Arts learning is praxis~based ......................... 32
The arts are integral to human existence ........... 3
Developing arts literacies facilitates
The evolution of arts education as societal
expression and communication in
needs and values shift.. ......................................... 3
The Arts ............................................................ 34
Reasons for arts education in the past. .......... 4
Creativity is at the heart of arts
Introduction of the Australian Curriculum
education ......................................................... 36
as part of a reform agenda .............................. S
Arts education is situated in culture ............. 39
Research and policy behind recent
Classroom snapshot: Authentic engagement
developments ......................................................... 7
with .Aboriginal artistic heritage .............................. 41
International research and policy
directions ........................................................... 8 Arts education involves developing
aesthetic sensibilities. ..................................... 42
Australian research and policy
Framing the arts education experience. ........... 42
perspective ....................................................... 11
Attending to arts education for all
Evolving understandings about
vis.a.vis the artistically talented .................... 43
thearts .............................................................. 11
Addressing 'Making' and 'Responding'
Developing children's capabilities for
the new era through The Arts ............................. 13 in the Australian Curriculum .......................... 44
Visual and multimodal communication Setting open.ended challenges ................... 44
skills ................................................................... 13 At a glance: Characteristics of
open.ended approaches ............................... 4$
Navigational approaches to learning ............ 13
Integrating creative thinking and design
Flexible thinking and problem solving ..........1 4
processes ......................................................... 45
Negotiating learning relationships .............. 0414
Classroom snapshot: Stimulating
Collaboration and teamwork .......................... 15
. h. k.
creative t 1n 1ng .............................................. 48
Cultural competency ....................................... 15
Developing craftsmanship, techniques,
Developing dispositions for thinking
skills and process ............................................ 49
and acting sustainably ..................................... 15
Establishing cultural context: linking the
Instrumental and intrinsic benefits
'inside' world to the 'outside' world ............. 50
or the arts ......................................................... 16
Incorporating reflection and review ............. 50
At a glance: Ten things you should know
Programming for arts learning ............................ 51
about the value of the arts in children's
Units or inquiry .................................................5 1
education ..........................................................1 9
Navigating the expectations for arts Classroom snapshot: Developing a unit
education in the school context .........................1 9 of inquiry on bushfires. ................................... 52
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Contenls vii
Arts learning in an integrated curriculum .... 52 Physical safety. ................................................. 78
Classroom snapshot: English as a second The functional classroom ............................... 79
language (ESL} taught through The Arts ..... 54 An inviting physical environment .................. 84
Practices best avoided ........................................ 55
Why you should be confident about
Cookie-cutler approaches ............................. 55 teaching in the arts .............................................. 86
Busy work ......................................................... 56 Online resources: Arts community
Handmaiden approach. .................................. 56 partnership opportunities. ............................. 86
Summary ............................................................... 88
Smorgasbord ................................................... 56
At a glance: What makes me a good
Free-for-all ........................................................ 57
teacher in The Arts? ........................................ 88
Classroom snapshot: Rehabilitating
Go further ............................................................. 89
the free-for-all .................................................. 57
L . .. . 89
earning act1v1t1es ............................................... .
Showcase approach ........................................ 58
Further reading .................................................... 90
Online resources: Learning more
References ............................................................ 90
about arts education ...................................... 58
Summary ............................................................... 59 Chapter 4 Children at the centre 92
At a glance: The features of authentic Children's capabilities ......................................... 93
arts learning ..................................................... 59 What children bring to their
Go further ............................................................. 60 arts learning ..................................................... 93
L . .. . 60
earning act1v1t1es ............................................... . Children's developmental growth
Further reading .................................................... 60 through The Arts .................................................. 94
References .............................................................6 1 Physical growth ............................................... 94
Cognitive growth ............................................ 95
Chapter 3 Being an effective teacher
Self-regulatory behaviours ............................. 96
in The Arts 62
Expression and communication .................... 96
Developing your professional capabilities
in arts education .................................................. 63 Social and cultural growth ............................. 97
Examining your capabilities Wellbeing, emotional and psychological
(and baggage) ................................................. 63 growth .............................................................. 97
Building on your abilities and Identity formation ........................................... 98
strengths .......................................................... 65 Valuing individuality and diversity in
Classroom snapshot: Stepping up and the learning community ...................................... 98
having a go ...................................................... 66 Cultural diversity in the arts
classroom ......................................................... 99
Your learning journey as an arts
educator ........................................................... 67 At a glance: Exploring and validating
Working smart to be effective ........................... 67 children's cultural backgrounds .................. 101
Working smart with digital resources ........... 67 Diversity of ability, giftedness and
disability ......................................................... 101
Classroom snapshot: Integrating digital
technology in a unit of inquiry ....................... 69 Classroom snapshot: Unlocking a
child's potential ............................................. 102
Working smart with colleagues ..................... 69
Diversity of learning styles ........................... 103
Working smart with community
resources and partnerships ........................... 70 Inclusive and exclusive language ................ 105
The nature of children's arts learning .............. 106
Working smart through lifelong
learning ............................................................. 73 At a glance: Your role in developing
Creating the learning context: an ethical, children's aesthetic sensibilities .................. 107
stimulating and happy place to be. ................... .74 Children learn through commitment
The ethical arts classroom ............................. .74 and effort ....................................................... 108
The emotionally secure classroom. ................ 76 At a glance: Ways of improving levels of
Building relationships of trust ........................ .76 accomplishment ............................................ 109
At a glance: Creating a climate that fosters Children learn by telling their stories
rich arts learning ............................................. 77 through the arts ............................................. 111
The physical space: a safe, functional Children learn by reflecting on their
and inviting classroom ........................................ 78 own artmaking ................................................ 114
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viii Contents
Children learn by reviewing and Planning for cultural connection
responding to artworks of others ................ 116 through The Arts ................................................ 138
Learning enriched by framing Locating cultural references for
discussion ........................................................ 116 classroom use ................................................ 139
At a glance: Ways to incorporate the Pedagogical practices for arts learning .......... 140
world of arts in the program ......................... 117 Adapting pedagogical approaches
At a glance: Selecting artworks that to suit requirements ...................................... 140
engage children ............................................. 118 Stimulating imaginative and active
Classroom snapshot: Talking about a engagement .................................................. 140
painting ........................................................... 119 A demonstration is worth a thousand
v,ords ............................................................... 142
At a glance: Encouraging children's
artistic engagement -dos and don'ts ........ 121 Dialogues for learning ................................... 142
Online resources: Arts-related online At a glance: Constructive feedback ........... 146
resources for disability .................................. 121 Assessment principles and guidelines ............ 146
Sum=ry ............................................................. 122 Achievement standards in the Australian
Go further ............................................................ 123 Curriculum. ..................................................... 146
Learning activities ............................................... 123 Formative and summative
Further reading ................................................... 123 assessment. ..................................................... 147
References ........................................................... 124
Criteria-based learning and
assessment. ..................................................... 147
Chapter 5 Planning, pedagogy and
Indicators of learning ..................................... 147
assessment for authentic
Acknowledging children's learning
arts learning 126
processes ........................................................ 149
Planning a program of arts learning ................ 127
At a glance: Authentic arts assessment ..... 150
Developing programs using units of
The planning, teaching, assessing and
inquiry .............................................................. 127
reviewing cycle ................................................... 150
Preparing teaching packs for the unit
Online resources: Sites for locating arts
of inquiry ......................................................... 128
cultural references ........................................ 152
Beginning the planning process .................. 128
Online resources: Educational
Classroom snapshot: Adapting planning
resources in the arts ..................................... 153
to take advantage of local opportunities .. 129
Summary ............................................................. 155
Themes for units of inquiry .......................... 130
Go further ........................................................... 156
At a glance: Themes for units of inquiry .... 130
Learning activities .............................................. 156
Completing worked examples as
Further reading .................................................. 156
part of planning ............................................. 130
References .......................................................... 157
Using the six-pointed star template for
planning ........................................................... 131
Planning for the imaginative PART 2 TEACHING IN THE
development of ideas ....................................... 133
ARTS
Apply the Wallas model ............................... 133
At a glance: Working towards a
Chapter 6 Dance 160
unit of inquiry plan ........................................ 134
Guiding principles for dance
Brainstorming ................................................ 135
education ............................................................. 161
Aural and visual stimulation ......................... 135
Describing dance ........................................... 161
Chance. ........................................................... 135
Dance in school education .......................... 162
Planning for self-expression of
Engaging with dance ......................................... 164
ideas .................................................................... 136
Teacher participation .................................... 164
Open-ended challenges .............................. 136
Student participation .................................... 165
Planning for practical activity ............................ 137
Supporting diverse learners ........................ 168
The preparation and cleaning-up
Classroom snapshot: Inclusive dance
stages .............................................................. 137
education ........................................................ 169
Planning for reflection ....................................... 138
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Contents ix
Dance in the Australian Curriculum ..................1 70 Assessment in Orama ................................... 206
Classroom snapshot: Initiating dance Foundations of drama literacy: concepts,
knowledge and skills ......................................... 207
in the classroom ............................................. 171
Elements of drama ........................................ 207
Assessment in Dance .................................... 171
Principles of story ......................................... 209
Foundations of dance literacy: concepts,
knowledge and skills ..........................................1 72 Drama participation skills ............................. 210
Elements of dance .........................................1 72 Drama praxis: making ......................................... 212
The body as instrument ................................1 73
Initiating drama engagement .......................2 12
Exploring and performing with others. ....... 175 Dramatic play .................................................. 214
Dance praxis: making ......................................... 175
Process drama ................................................2 15
Developing a movement vocabulary ........... 176 Story drama ................................................... .215
Choreographing dances .............................. 180
Classroom snapshot: Drama using a
At a glance: Strategies for supporting text as a stimulus. .......................................... .216
children's creation of dances ........................1 81 Improvisation .................................................. 217
Learning social dances ................................. 183 Role-playing ................................................... .219
Performing dances ........................................ 183 Mantle of the expert. .................................... 221
Dance appreciation: responding ..................... 185 Mime ............................................................... 222
Viewing dance performances ...................... 185 Puppetry ......................................................... 224
Understanding dance context and Cyberdrama ................................................... 225
motivation ...................................................... 186
Vocally orientated drama ............................. 225
Leading guided dance appreciation .......... 188
At a glance: Presenting vocally orientated
Cultivating interest in dance ........................ 189 drama forms ................................................... 225
Linking dance to other subjects. ...................... 190
At a glance: Steps for developing stories
Drama ............................................................. 190
for storytelling ............................................... 228
Media arts ...................................................... 190
Playbuilding and devising theatre .............. 230
Music ............................................................... 190
Drama appreciation: responding. .................... 232
Visual arts ........................................................1 91
Viewing drama performances ..................... 233
Cross-curriculum ............................................1 91 Understanding drama contexts and
Safe dance practice and practicalities .............1 91 motivations .................................................... 234
Establishing sensible and safe Guided drama appreciation ........................ 234
behaviour ........................................................1 91 Linking drama to other subjects ...................... 235
Let's start dancing ......................................... 192 Dance. ............................................................. 235
Props and resources ..................................... 193 Media arts ...................................................... 235
Online resources: Dance education ............1 95 Music ............................................................... 235
Summary ..............................................................1 96 Visual arts ....................................................... 235
Go further ........................................................... 197
Cross-curriculum ........................................... 236
Learning activities .............................................. 197
Safe drama practice and practicalities. ........... 236
Further reading .................................................. 197
Safe practices ................................................ 236
References .......................................................... 198
Space to work ................................................ 236
Chapter 7 Drama 199 Working in groups ........................................ 236
Masks .............................................................. 237
Guiding principles for drama education ......... 200
Describing drama .......................................... 200 Costumes, props and play boxes. ............... 237
Drama in school education .......................... 201 Online resources: Drama education ........... 238
Engaging with drama ........................................ 202 Sum=ry ............................................................. 2~
Go further ........................................................... 240
Teacher participation .................................... 202
Student participation .................................... 203 Learning activities .............................................. 240
Further reading .................................................. 240
Supporting diverse learners ........................ 204
References ........................................................... 241
Drama in the Australian Curriculum ................ 205
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X Contents
Chapter 8 Media arts 242 Managing with limited equipment.. ............ 279
Guiding principles for media arts Storage ........................................................... 280
education ............................................................ 243
Online resources: Media arts education .... 280
Describing media arts .................................. 243 Sum= ry ............................................................. 31
Media arts in school education ................... 244 Go further ........................................................... 283
Engaging with media arts ................................. 245 Learning activities .............................................. 283
Teacher participation .................................... 245 Further reading .................................................. 283
Student participation .................................... 246 References .......................................................... 284
Supporting diverse learners ........................ 247
Chapter 9 Music 285
Media arts in the Australian Curriculum ......... 248
Guiding principles for music education .......... 286
Assessment in Media arts ............................ 249
Describing music ........................................... 286
Foundations of media arts literacy:
Music in school education ........................... 287
concepts, knowledge and skills ....................... 249
Engaging with music ......................................... 289
Key media arts concepts. ............................. 250
Teacher participation .................................... 289
Elements of media arts ................................ 253
Student participation .................................... 290
Story principles .............................................. 255
Supporting diverse learners ........................ 290
Genre .............................................................. 256
Classroom snapshot: Music
Media arts praxis: making ................................. 258
and communication ...................................... 291
Developing proficiency with digital
Music in the Australian Curriculum .................. 291
technology ..................................................... 258
Assessment in Music .................................... 292
Creating media stories ................................. 259
Foundations of music literacy: concepts,
Pictorial stories .............................................. 259
knowledge and skills ......................................... 293
Stories using audio media ............................ 262
Elements of music ......................................... 293
Classroom snapshot: Comic strips to
Music notation ............................................... 294
create visual narratives ................................. 264
Music praxis: making ......................................... 296
Stories in audio-visual formats .................... 265
Exploring sound and silence ....................... 296
At a glance: Guidelines for a claymation
Singing ............................................................ 297
(or video) project ........................................... 267
Percussion ...................................................... 301
At a glance: Storyboard terminology when
Classroom snapshot: Creating a rainstorm
filming a video ............................................... 270
using body percussion ................................. 302
Stories in graphic, print and web
Classroom snapshot: Percussive
media .............................................................. 271
accompaniment to Pachelbel's Canon ....... 304
At a glance: layout basics ........................... 272
Creating or composing music ..................... 305
Stories in multimedia, interactive and
At a glance: Composing a song .................. 307
convergent communication formats ........... 275
Sharing, recording and performing ............ 308
Media arts appreciation: responding ...............2 76
Music appreciation: responding ...................... 309
Reviewing media artworks ............................2 76
Listening to and viewing live
Understanding media arts context and
performances ................................................. 309
motivation .......................................................2 76
At a glance: Planning a successful public
Guided media arts appreciation ................. 277
performance .................................................. 310
linking media arts to other subjects. .............. 278
Understanding contexts and
Dance. ............................................................. 278
motivations .................................................... 310
Drama ............................................................. 278
Guided listening .............................................3 15
Music ............................................................... 278
Classroom snapshot: Guided listening:
Visual arts ....................................................... 278
The Mofdau (Die Moldau) by Smetana ........3 16
Cross-curriculum ........................................... 278
linking music to other subjects ........................3 18
Safe media arts practice and
Dance. ..............................................................3 18
practicalities ....................................................... 279
Drama ..............................................................3 18
Safe use of equipment ................................. 279
Media arts .......................................................3 18
Cyber citizenship ........................................... 279
Visual arts ........................................................3 18
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