Table Of Content)
Rodríguésia61(3):421-429.2010
httpV/rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
Delimitation of the Alcantarea extensa complex
(Bromeliaceae) and a new species from
Espírito Santo, Brazil
DelimitaçãodocomplexoAlcantareaextensa IBromeliaceae
eumanovaespéciedoEspíritoSanto,Brasil
LeonardoM. Versieux' &MariadasGraçasLapa Wanderley2
Abstract
ThespeciescomplexrelatedtoAlcantareaextensaispresentedanddelimitedas:A.extensa,A. vinicolor,A.
burle-marxii, A. túrgida, A. distractila. A. lurida, A. simplicisticha,A. nigripetala, A. mucilaginosa, andA.
trepida.Alcantareatrepida, knownfrom EspíritoSantoState,southeastemBrazil, isdescribedasnew,and
illustrated.ItiscomparedtoA.extensa,A.simplicisticha,andA. vinicolorfromwhichitdiffersbytherobust,
erect, compoundinflorescencewithmorenumerous flowersandbythestraightandthickerrachilla.
Keywords:AtlanticRainforest,endemism,inselberg,speciescomplex,Tillandsioideae.
Resumo
OcomplexodeespéciesrelacionadasaAlcantareaextensaéapresentadoedelimitadocomo:A. extensa,A.
vinicolor,A.burle-marxii,A.túrgida,A.distractila,A.lurida,A.simplicisticha,A.nigripetala,A.mucilaginosa
eA. trepida.Alcantareatrepida,conhecidadoestadodoEspíritoSanto,édescritacomonovaeilustrada. É
comparadacomA.extensa,A.simplicistichaeA.vinicolor,dasquaisdiferepelainflorescênciaeretaerobusta
comfloresmaisnumerosasepelasráquilasretasemaisgrossas.
Palavras-chave: MataAtlântica, afloramentorochoso, endemismo,complexodeespécies,Tillandsioideae.
Introduction within the same species are the evolutionary
consequences of the fragmented distribution and
Alcantarea (E. Morren ex Mez) Harms,
Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae, with near 23 lowleveiofgeneticexchange(Barbaráetal. 2007).
Versieux&Wendt(2006)notedthatAlcantarea
rupicolous species is a genus endemic to eastern
extensashouldbetreatedascomplexofspecies,due
Brazil,occurringon inselbergswithintheAtlantic
Rainforest in the States of Bahia, Minas Gerais, tothewidevariationobservedintheherbariummaterial,
EspíritoSanto, RiodeJaneiroeSüo Pauloaswcll particularlyinrosetteandinflorescencesizeandcolors
as in open grassland outerops in campo rupestre ofbracts and floral parts. Thepresentpaperaimsto
vegetationatBahiaandMinasGerais(Versieux& discuss the taxonomic problems and to delimit the
complex of species related to A. extensa, and to
Wanderley2007a).
The importance of inselbergs as sites for describeoncnewtaxon.
rupicolousBromeliaceaepopulationsdifferentiation,
Results and Discussion
particularlyAlcantarea, has becn demonstratcd in
areccntseriesofpapers(Barbaráetal. 2007,2008, Forseveral decades, species now bclonging
2009). As inland islands, thesc rock outerops, to the genus Alcantarea, then classified under
isolatcd from cach other, may contribute to high Vrieseasubg.Alcantarea,wercpoorlyunderstood
genetic distance within populations of the same taxonomically.Thissituation,forthishorticultural
species. Spcciation or population partitioning andecologicallyimportantgenus,couldbepartially
'UniversidadeFederaldoRioOraralcdoNorte,Depto.Botânica.EcologiacZoologia,59072-970,Natal,RN.Bra/il.Aiilliorforcomspondcncc:[email protected]
'InstitutodeBotânica,C.P.3005.SâoPaulo.SP,01061-970,Brazil.
SciELO/JBRJ,
cm 13 14
422 Versieux. L.M. & Wãnderley. M.G.L.
explained by the lackofwell-collectedherbarium (E.Pereira&Reitz)J.R.Grant)fromVargemAlta,
specimens and also by a fragmentary knowledge Espírito Santo State as well. According to these
ofthe living plants in the field. Possibly the large authors V. vinicolorcould be differentiated from
dimensions ofleaves and inflorescences, together V. extensa by thenotgibbous floral bracts shorter
withtlicdifficultiesaccessingthehabitat,sometimes than the sepals and also by the stamens equaling
demanding rock climbing techniques, and the thelengthofthepetals.Pereira& Reitz(inPereira
blooming period concentrated during the rainy 1974) alsoemphasizes thatthe wine-red leavesof
season, explain why it remains so poorly V. vinicolorwereanotherdistinctfeature.Versieux
represented in the scientific collections. More &Wendt(2006)were thefirsttorecognizethatA.
recently, several new specieshavebeendescribed extensa should be treated as complex of species,
comingfromareasthatwerepoorlybotanizedand due to the high variation observed among the
also due to the bettercomprehension ofthe limits herbarium material, particularly in rosette and
ofpolyphyletic taxa. Observation ofliving plants inflorescence size, and colors ofbracts and floral
during field work followed by cultivation in parts.Versieux&Wãnderley(2007b)describedA.
greenhouse are now considered key points for túrgida Versieux & Wand., from Serra do Cipó,
betterdelimitingthespeciesandalsotounderstand MinasGerais,whichiscloselyrelatedtoAlcantarea
morphologicalfeaturesthataredifficulttoexamine extensa and A. vinicolor but differs by the pale
(e.g. floral characters) on dried specimens. yellow petals, inflorescence shape (tending to be
Employingsuchproceduresduringtherevisionof morebilaterallysymmetricandpyramidal),shorter
twhheigcehnuwsilwlebweercealalbeldetthoede“lAilmciatnatgarroeuapeoxftteanxsaa, ilneafvleosrewsictehnocuetbarnayntcrhaecse,ofbyepitchuetilcuusltarrouwsaxg,raenend
complex”thatisdescribedbelow. by the distinct habitat (campo rupestre) and far
inlanddistribution. Leme&Paula(2008)described
The Alcantarea extensa complex A. distractila Leme & Paula from Ouro Verde de
Vríeseaextensa(=Alcantareaextensa(L. B. Minas,eastemMinasGeraisState,asaveryclosely
Sm.) J. R. Grant) was described by Smith (1943), related taxon to A. extensa, but showing shorter
from a plant collected in fruit at Cachoeiro do leaves, longerbranches with more widely spaced
Itapemirim,picodeItabira,EspíritoSanto,andwas andlargerflowers.Thesameauthorsalsodescribed
characterized by its long inflorescence branches A. lurida Leme collected between Coronel
and floral bracts showing aprotuberance nearthe Fabriciano and Braúnas (Leme & Paula 2008),
apex (gibbous). In the original description, Smith central-eastemMinasGerais,anditwascompared
(1943) put under synonym Vríesea regina sensu to A. extensa, however presenting red peduncle
Wittmack (1891) and discussed that Wittmack’s and rachis, shorter branches and longer flowers
description was based on a plant from Serra do withpaleyeUowpetals.Lemeetal. (2008)described
Picú (presently known as Serra de Itatiaia), 1600 two other species ofAlcantarea that can also be
ms.m, on the border ofMinas Gerais and Rio de includedinthecomplex:A. simpUcistichaLeme&
JaneiroStates.Whilecheckingtheprotologueswe A. P. FontanafromÁguia Branca, EspíritoSanto,
noticedthatSmith(1943)probablymisunderstood withsimpleinflorescenceandA. nigripetalaLeme
Wittmack’sdescription,whichsaysthathisplants & L. Kollmann, fromNovaBelém, MinasGerais,
weregrownfromseedscollectedatRioDoce,and which supposedly has black petals. Leme (2009)
also mentions the presence of mucilage in the describedA.mucilaginosaLeme,fromacultivated
flowersandthatthepetalshaverawmeatcolorand plantcollectedatConceiçãodoCastelo,whichwas
presents illustrations and measures that clearly alsoconsideredtobecloselyrelatedtoA. extensa,
indicatethattheplanthehadinhandswas,infact, differingbasicallybyalargeramountofwaxover
very close to A. extensa. This information is the leaves and bracts and shorter flowering
importamtoclarifytheactualrangeofthespecies, branches,besides acopious mucilage production.
sinceA. extensa grows on the southem portion of AHtheabovemenüonedtaxa(A.extensa,A.vinicolor,
Espírito Santo, eastem MinasGerais, and there is A. túrgida,A.distractila,A.lurida,A.simplicisticha,
only one record for Northern Rio de Janeiro, but A. nigripetala, A. mucilaginosa, and A. trepida
tdhoePrieciús)nroegoiocnc.uArfrteenrctehafto.rPetrheeiIrtaa&tiaRieairtazn(gineP(eSreerirraa twohgiecthheorccwuirtshiAn.Nbourrtlhee-amsatrexmiiMi(nLaesmeG)erJa.isR,.cGar.a4n5t)0,,
1974) described Vríesea vinicolor (=4. vinicolor km far away from the core area ofAlcantarea
Rodríguéiia61(3):421-429.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
cm 13 14
..
0
423
Alcantarea extensa complex
extensa occurrence, can be considered part ofthe presumably collected at Panamá, Chiriquí, which
Alcantareaextensacomplex. As general features, bloomed undercultivation in Europe, without any
thesetaxapresentspreading,i.e. radiallydisposed recentcollectedspecimensdepositedinherbaria.
stamens at anthesis, have petal colors that fade According to our ongoing research on the
from a darker while in bud to a pale color when molecularphylogenyofthegenus (Versieuxetal.
petals are fully expanded, most species present unpub. data) the Alcantarea extensa and related
yellowwine-redspottedpetals,resemblingalmost taxa appear in a more recently divergent position
orange or sometimes wine-orange, and also there whencomparedtotheotherAlcantareaspecies. If
canbedifferencesbetweentheabaxial(darker)and weconsidcrthisgroupasarecentlydivergenttaxon
adaxial(paler)petalfaces.Thefloralbractstendto that has not had the necessary time toaccumulate
be more coriaceous and dilated along the central differences, reproduetive isolation, and fixed
portion and thinner and yellowish along the apomorphiesitwouldbeeasiertounderstandwhy
margins in sicco, petals tend to be more loosely species boundaries are so hard to define. An
arrangedduringanthesisandnotsospirallyrecoiled analysis employing 20 microsatellite loci data
as in other species of the genus, the compound (Versieuxetal. unpub. data) indicatesthatatleast
inflorescences frequcntly are asymmetrical, with two majorgroups ofA. extensa orA. aff. extensa
different sizes ofbranches, the primary bracts are withbiogeographiccorrelationexist:onecomprising
always shorter then the lateral peduncles and the populations ateastem side ofthe Mantiqueira
branchesaremorelaxlydistributed. range and Southern Espírito Santo State that are
It’s worthy mentioning that Vriesea alta closely related to A. vinicolor and to A. trepida.
(Baker)E.MorrenexMez,anoldnametypificdby And the second clearly distinct group connects
onc of Edouard Morrens’ watcrcolors housed at populations from Minas Gerais State, distributed
KVreiwese(Faisgu.bg1.),AalncdantthaartewaabsycSomnistihde&reDdotwonbsel(o19n7g7)t,o rrnaonsgtel,yaloonngthtehewReisoteDroncesirdieveorfbatshien.MaAnstaiqmuaetitrear
alsoshowssomeofthefeaturesattributedaboveto offactthepopulationsfromEspíritoSantotendto
theA.extensacomplex.Nevertheless,itisadoubtful show leaves usually bluish grecn, covered by a
taxon,excludedfromAlcantareabyGrant(1995)and thicklayerofepicuticularwax,acharacteralready
flgure 1 - Vrieseaalta (Baker) E. Morrencx. Mez-a. EdourardMorren’s IconhousedatKew, lectotypcsclcctcd
Smith&Downs(1977).b. flowerdetail.(Photos: LynnParker).
>y
Rodriguésiâ61(3):421-429.201
SciELO/JBRJ,
cm 13 14 15
1
424 Versieux, L.M. & Wanderiey, M.G.L.
mcntioned on the type material ofA. extensa. On infundibuliform, phytotelm developed. Leaves
theotherhand,plantsfromMinasGeraisareusually numerous,suberecttoerect,marcescent.Leafsheath
smallerinsizeandhaveshorterandlustrousleaves, 18—30x 12—20cm,ovatetooblong-elliptic,paleto
likeA.distractila.ThepopulationfromCarangola, darkcastaneous abaxially, palebrown adaxially in
showspetalswithslightlyconvolutepraefloration, sicco,whitishgreeninvivo,denselylepidoteonboth
a very distinct feature forthe genus. surfaces, coriaceous; margins membranaceous,
Neverthelessbetterdelimitationsforthetaxa wine-redtowine-redhyaline.Blades40-68x8-1
that are involved in this complex, whatever cm, ligulate, concolorous green, lustrous, with or
taxonomic status is attributed to them, is difficult withoutwine-redspotsabaxiallyoronlytowardthe
duetoagreathomogeneityinfloralcharactersand apex adaxially, subdensely lepidote abaxially,
an overall resemble that makes indistinguishable glabrous to sparsely lepidote toward the apex
sterile plants or incompletely prepared herbaria adaxially, straight to weakly arcuate, coriaceous,
material(i.e.lackingcompleteinflorescenceordata distinctly nerved, margins with a narrow (< 1 mm)
referringtothenumber,position,sizeandarrangement wine-rededge; bladeapex acute, acuminate,wine-
ofthe branches). The traditionally used character redorgreen,generallystraight,rarelycurved,twisted
ofsimpleversuscompoundinflorescencesisvariable orbentdownwards.Peduncle90-110x2-3cm,erect,
even withinthe same species as is illustrated here straight, stout, cylindrical to weakly sulcate,
byA. trepida, and acloser lookbeneath the distai concolorous green to green undemeath the bracts
peduncle bracts of an unbranched inflorescence and wine-red on the sun exposed areas, glabrous,
may show atrophied ramifications. Variations in distinctlynerved;intemodes3.5-7cmlong;bracts
inflorescencebranchnumber,amountofwaxalong ofthe peduncle: the proximalones: subfoliaceous
theleavesandbracts,leafandbractcolorvariation anderect;themiddleanddistaiones:4.5-10x3-7cm,
betweengreenandred-wine,andamountofmucilage triangularpassingtoovate,apexacute,attenuate(on
are just general trends to segregate populations. theproximalones)toacuminate(onthedistaiones),
These characters are highly influenced by greentototallypaleordarkwine-red,coveredbywhite
environmentalcondilions,especiallyifundercultivation, epicuticularwaxonbothsurfaces,sparsely-lepidoteat
andtheirutilitytoseparateordescribenewspecies thebasetodenselylepidotetowardtheapexabaxially,
is questionable. Thus we suggest more profound denselytosparselylepidotetowardtheapexadaxially,
analysesfortheAlcantareaextensacomplex,using suberect-patenttocurved, inflatedandholdingwater
additionaltoolsasmoleculardata,leafanatomy,and atthebase,distinctlynerved,coriaceous;marginswine-
pollen morphology and that new species in this red. Inflorescence 0.6-0.9 x 0.3-0.5 m, compound,
toanxoanpoompiuclaaltliyoncoamppplriocaacthe,dagnrdounpotshroeullydinbgesboalseeldy plaonnigc,lecao.fs1p1ikcesm,rwairedleys(peixkccl,.itnhtehipsectaaslse)u,potvooi1.d1 tmo
onasingleextremeandvariantcultivatedindividual. ellipsoidal,erect,rachisintemodes2—7cmlong;primary
Alcantareatrepida Versieux &Wand. sp. nov. barcaucmtin(a2te),5i8ncxon4s-p6iccumo,usolvyatmeuctorobnraotaedlfyorovcaate3,ampme,x
Tiynspeel:beBrRgAeSmIpLa.sEtaSgPeÍmR,I1T9°O29S’A26N.T8’O':SF4Bi0ag°si.5x0o2’Ga3-u71a,.n43d"auW-,,i pwcaailstethactnaheseotuassnaemaoetustchoienloscrieacntctoi,eornglaaasnbdrtehbescoperenddteuarnbecadxliebaylblryay,cetldsle,oadwsaierslhyk
592m,27.1.2007,fl.,L.M. Versieux&A.Al. Calvente lepidote at the base adaxially, involute, suberect,
396(holotypus: SP; isotypus: RB). shorter than the base of the lateral peduncle,
SpeciesnovaAlcantareaeextensae(L.B.Sm.) distinctly nerved, coriaceous, with membranaceous
JF.oRn.tGarnaantet,AAllccaannttaarreeaaeevsiinmipcloilcoriist(iEc.hPaeerLeiermae&&ReAi.tPz.) bdarrakncchaessta(nle-o)u4s-m9a,r(g1i1n-s)(1c8a-.516m(-m70w)idfel)o.wIenrfeldo.reerseccetncteo
J,R.Gnmtfloríbusluteo-vinosisetstaminibuspolystichis suberect at anthesis and remaining so after
aufsfqiunies1se1d0rcammilsoinngfilsorvej.scaedntuisarquumel7on0gciomrilbounsgi(sa),d cfryulcitnidfriiccaatlioonr;lnaetaerrlalypseod,ugnrcelecnst(o9-r)ed1d3i-s1h6gxre1e-n1.a2tctmh,e
erectis, rhachillis crassioribus et rectis (vs. exposed portions, glabrous; sterile bracts 3 or 4,
rhachilRluipsifcloelxououssi,sfvlelowgeerniicnugla(t1is.)5—d)if2f—e4rt.m high, ournbciicnautlea,r t3o.8b—ro4.a4d(l—y5)clxlip3t.i2c,—4a.p1ecxmo,btwuisnee,-rweedadkilsyh
propagating by basal shoots, stem developed, castaneous, waxy. glabrous abaxially, subdensely
sometimessprawling.Rosette0.7-0.9x0.6-1.4m. lepidoteadaxially,suberect,overlappingeachother
Rodríguèsia61(31:421-429.2010
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18
425
Alcantarea extensa complex
1
EE 1 ; i 1 1
[
\
fF,ifnl0irraei2br-aAcltc;agn.tsaerpeala;thr.eppictdaal-;ai..phiasbtiilt;ajt.aonvtahrcys;isk;.bs.thiagbmiat;aIt.fsrcuccdt.if(iac,atci-ojn;Vecr..ldcea,fa;d3.9p6c;dub,nc1lVeebrrsaicetu;xc.39p4r)i.marybract;
RcxJriguésia61(3).'421-429.2010
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
426 Versieux. L.M. & Weuiderley, M.G.L.
Figure3a-1-a-..Alcantareatrepida-a.habitatatBaixoGuandu;b-d.variationininflorescencesize;e.deadindividualwith
openedcapsulesandupnghtbranches;f.seedsgeiminatinginsidethecapsule;g.populationatNovaVenécia- h ílowering
individuaiswithbothcompoundandsimpleinflorescences;i.detailoffloweratanthesis.}.AlcantareaextensaatCachoeirado
Itapemirirn,picodeItabira(typelocality),showingpatentíloweringbranches.k.Alcantareaunicolorundercultivation,showing
arcuatebranches.1.Alcantareasimplicisticha,detailofthebaseofanoldfniitingspikewheretheflexuousrachillaandtheerect
caunldtisvhaotretdpaetdtuhnecJlaerbdriamctBsoctaânnibceosdeoenRi(oardreowJ)a.ne(iar-og.VPehrostioesu:xL3.94M..3V9e5r.si39e(u5x;eh-xicFeprtagf:aA.19C2a0l.vjenVteersaineduxg-3i8,0h,Ck.VNe.rFsriaeguax).384 I
Rodriguèsiã61(3):421-429.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15
.
427
Alcantarea extensa complex
at least close to the apex, distinctly nerved, the remaining upright through fnictification. Also, A.
central portion thicker and rugose, ecarinate but trepida presents the largest number of flowcrs per
sometimes with a protuberance near the apex, brancheverreportedforthegenus,withupto70,and
coriaceous; margins membranaceous, yellowish- itsfloweringindividuaistendtobetaller.Theclosest
hyaline in sicco; rachilla {13—)40—70(—110) cm, relativesofthisnewspeciesprobablyareA. extensa,
straight,rarelyweaklygeniculatetowardthedistai A. simplicistichaandA. vinicolorall relatedtoeach
portion,green, glabrous; internodes(1.3-)2.5-5 otherandbelongingtoaveryhomogenousgroupof
(_6)x 1-1,3(—1.6)cm,almostquadrangularincross speciesdesignatcdhereastheA.extensacomplex, for
section;floralbract3.8—4.8x3.8—5.5cm,orbicular whichmanymorphologicalfeaturesoverlap(Table 1),
to broadly ovate, apex obtuse, weakly uncinate, what may indicate a recent radiation forthese taxa.
greenborderedbywine-redtocompletelybrownish However its densely arranged and long flowering
wine-red orpale brown at the central portion and branches thatremain in uprightpositioneven after
bordered by a yellowish hyaline stripe (ca. 7 mm theanthesisdistinguishthisnewspeciesfromallits
wide)invivo,glabrousabaxialiy,subdenselybrown congeners. Also, the rachillas are straight and
lepidoteadaxially,completelyenfoldingthecalyx, relalively thick. In A. extensa and A. vinicolor
suberect topatent, distinctly rugoseon thecentral inflorescences present patent to arcuate branches
portion,finelynervedalongthemargins,coriaceous, (Fig.3j-k)thataremorelaxlydisposedalongtheaxis,
ecarinate;marginsmembranaceous,withanarrow inA.simplicisticha(Fig.31)theinflorescenceisalways
(in<1simccmo.wiFdleo)wweirnse-nroetdlfirnaegrinanvti,vo,diysetlilcohwoiussh;-hsyeaplainles tsoimgpelnei,cusluabtcerercatch-ialrlcausa.tTeh,eanpdreaslleonfcethofemdehvaevleopfeledxsutoeums
ca.4x2.3cm,broadlyelliptictooboelliptic,apex isanotherdistinctfeatureofthenewtaxon.Thisstem
obtuse,symmetric,equalingorcxceedingthefloral canbeerectandhiddenbytheoldmarcescentleaves
bracts byca. 5 mm.green toyellowishgreen with orbesprawlingandlonger(Fig.3h).Otherdifferences
wine-redapex,glabroustosparselylepidotetoward amongthesetaxaaresummarizedintheTable 1
theapexabaxialiy.denselybrown-lepidoteadaxially, Within thetypelocalityregion,A. trepida is
chartaceous, ecarinate; margins membranaceous, sympatricwithA. roberto-kautskyi,averydistinct
yellowish-hyalineinsicco;petals8.T-9.7x1cm,ligulate, species but also presenting erect flowering
apexobtuse,constrictedbythesepals,yellowadaxially, branches, developed stems, floral bracts and buds
yatelalnotwhdeostitsedawnidthwwiilntei-nrgedfarbaoxmialtihye,smtarornggilnysrectuorvlchde dweanxsyellyeadviesspoasneddbartactthse.aApegxooofdthhyepobtrhacnscihsestoanbed
centerwithoutspiraling;petalappendagesca.32x testedinabroadpopulationgencticanalysisincluding
2mm,2,ligulate,longitudinallyadnatetothepetal both species is to check if in the past A. trepida
forca.25 mm,apexobtuse;stamenspolystichous; receivcd any geneticcontribution fromA. roberto-
filament70-95 x 1.5 mm, weakly flattencd at the kautskyitroughhybridizationprocesses.Lowleveis
basetocylindrical,white;anthcrlinear,ca. 15x 1 mm, ofinterspecificgeneflowforsympatricAlcantarea
yellow,dorsifixednearthebase;style80-90x2mm, specieshavebcen reported forA. imperialisandA.
cylindricaltoweakly angular, white;stigma lobes geniculata based on population genctic analysis
c(as.up3erxio1rmpmor,tisounb)erxe5ctmtmo,pantaerntr,owwlhyitoev;atoev,arwyhictai.s9h u20s0i9n)g.mIilcwroousaltdeblleidteesimraarbklcertshat(sBuacrhbakriándetofala.na2ly0s0i7s;,
green to white, hypanthium ca. 9 mm; ovules withanextendedsamplingoftheA.extensacomplex,
numerous,ca.0.6mm.Capsule4-5x1cm,narrowly- couldbecarriedout,providinginterestingnewdata
elliptic, apex acute, brown; secd ca. 5 x 1 mm, on the genctic cohesiveness of these taxa and
fusiform,brown;basalcomaca.6mm,ferruginous; populalions.Neverthcless,lhetwospeciestrcatcdhere
apicalcomaca. 14mm,ferruginous. areverydivergent,A.roberto-kautskyihasmanymore
The new species described here can be leaves more densely arranged, white petals, the
separated from its congeners by acombination of inflorescenccisfastigiatcdwiththelateralpedunclcs
characters such as the distai peduncle bract size perpendiculartotherachis,anditwasnotobserved
and shape, lcngth and position ofthe inflorcsccnce any other species of Alcantarea along the type
branches, which have a thick almost quadrangular locality that could be the second parental lincage.
sidedandcompletelystraightrachis. All individuais PopulalionsofA. trepida are well established with
showing compound inflorescencc present their thousandsofindividuaisnotonlyatBaixoGuandu,
floweringbranches uprightandclose toeachothcr. butalso 120kmnorthatNovaVenécia.
Rodríguésià61(3):421-429.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15
7 6 6
428 Versieux, LM. & Wanderley, M.G.L
Table 1 -MorphologicalcomparisonofAlcantareatrepidaanditsclosestrelatives.
Feature Alcantarea extensa Alcantarea simplicisticha Alcantarea trepida Alcantarea vinicolor
Plant height (m) Up to 3 Up to 2.4 Up to 4 Up to 2.1
Stem Short Short Developed. sometimes Short'
sprawling
Leafblade 5-12 6-7 9-11 6-10
(width in cm)
Leaf texture Coriaceous Chartaceous Coriaceous Coriaceous
Peduncle bracts 3.5-5 x 3-4 cm 5 x 3 cm 4.5-10 x 3-6 cm 5-7 x 2.5-4 cm
size (middle and
distai ones)
Peduncle bracts Suberect to arcuate Erect Suberect Suberect-patent
position (middle
and distai ones)
Bbarsaectof(spheadpuen)cle Iwnaftlearted and impounding Nimoptoiunnfdliatnegdwaantdernot Iinmfploautenddianngdwater Iinmfploautenddianngdwater
P(eddiuanmcelteer in cm) 1.8-3 1-1.3 2.5-3 1.5-2.5
Inflorescence Compound, rarely Simple Compound, rarely Compound
simple
simple
Ibnrfalnocrheesscence Laxly arranged Single branch (spike) Subdensely arranged Laxly arranged
arrangement
Ibnrfalnocrehsecsenpcoesition suberect or patent suberect and arcuate erect arcuate
Rachilla Geniculate Flexous to geniculate Straitght, ifgeniculate Geniculate
only at the terminal
portions of branches
R(adcihaimleltaerinitnercnmod)es 0.6-0. 0.4-0. 1-1.6 0.4-0.
Number of flowers 12-26 30-40 8-70 8-16
per branch
Fsliozreal(bmrma)cts 36-42 x 38-46 40-46 x 32-40 38-48 x 38-55 20-32 x 22-35
Pinasrealtbyepregse:mBRpaAsStIaLg.emE,S1P9Í°R2I9'T2O6.S8A”NST4O0°:50B’a3i7x.o4G"uWa,n5d9u,2 growingonhardlyaccessibleplaces,asisthecase
ms.m.,27.1.2007,fr„fl.,LM. Versieux&A.M. Calvente in the type locality (Fig. 3a). Bees frequently eat
394, 395(SP); NovaVenécia, APA PedradoElefante, petals and stamens and nests of Hemiptera
18.11.2008, fl., R. C. Forzza etai 5072 (RB); Ibidem, sometimes can be seen undemeath the primary
APAPedradoElefante,SerradeBaixo,PedradoElefante, bracts. Sears caused by these insects can also be
19.11.2008, fl., C. N. Fraga et al. 1920 (RB); Ibidem, seen as brownish protuberances along the lateral
beiradarodoviaNovaVenécia-SãoGabrieldaPalha, peduncles. If these injuries are caused by the
pFroonptraineadaedteal.do52S4r1. (VRaBl)d.emar, 9.V.2008, fl., fr„ A. P. Htoembeipitneversatipghaytteod.phAatgtyheortybpyegsaplleicnigmaecntipvoiptuyliastsitiolnl
Distribution,ecologyandconservation:Alcantarea several capsules were bearing germinated seeds
mtrse.pmi.daoinsastheeelpiorpohcyktye,woaclclusrainngdbaeltsoweoenni3n0s0el-b9e0r0g Pinhseindoel(oFgigy.;3fB)lcohoarmaicntgerifzrionmgaDceacseemobfevrivitpoarMiatyy..
plateausatthemunicipalitiesofBaixoGuandu, in Immature fruitcollected inMay, and oldcapsules
ts1hp2ee0cciekenmstraifslurwnteohtsetrtehrnrnoerratethgeinioenndEasbnpydíreaixlttsoionSactatnNitooonvaSbteVacteaen.uéscTeihaei,t fwEritityghhmtos,eleosdcgsayrg:eedFr.mrioTnmhaetLianstpgieni.cniTsfiridecepiecdpoailstl,heecatt,etudrmienpmJieadnaaunawsrayis.n
oocfcPuerdsrawidtohEilneftahneteE.nAvdidriotnimoenanltlayl,pPorpoutleacttiioonnsAtreenad cbrhaonscehnehseorfeatshemeintfalpohroersiccenicnesitnhuaattrieonmationthuepreirgehctt
to present high densities of individuais (Fig. 3g) evenafterfructification, ina“scared”position."
Rodriguésia61(3):421-429.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
429
Alcantarea extensa complex
Acknowledgements ‘inselbergs’: Alcantareaglaziouana,A. regina,A.
WethankDr.RafaelaForzza.curatorofRBfor goefnBicoutlaantyaa1n03d:A.65i-m7p7e.rialis(Bromeliaceae).Annals
donatingduplicatecollectionstoSP.CláudioNicoletti Grant.J.R. 1995.TheresurrectionofAlcantarea.Tropische
Fragaprovidedphotographsandinformationabout undsubtropischePflanzenwelt91: 7-15.
the Nova Venécia population. Natascha Wagner Leme,E.M.C.&Paula,C.C.2008.TwonewAlcantarea
translatedGerrnan textsandAliceCalventehelped speciesfromMinasGerais.JournaloftheBromeliad
duringfieldworkandallowedtheuseofonepicture. Society58: 5-11.
Lynn Parker, from Kew, provided the pictures of Leme,E.M.C.;Fraga,C.N.;Kollmann,L.J.C.&Fontana,
Morren’sIcon.ThisworkispartofthePh.D.thesis A.P. 2008. Three new Alcantarea species from
of the first author conducted in the University of EspíritoSantoandMinasGerais,Brazil.Journalof
São Paulo. Financial support was provided by theBromeliadSociety58:205-216.
FAPESPtothefirstauthorandbyCNPqtothesênior Leme, E.M.C. 2009. Alcantarea mucilaginosa a new
species from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Journal ofthe
author.WearealsogratefultoDr.TarcisoFilgueiras BromeliadSociety59: 12-15.
fMoarrckhePcauklinfgortlhiengLuaitsitnicdaidavginocseiasn,dDteortewkoBauntocnhyermoaunsd Pereir-aV,IE..B1r97a4d.eaSp1e:c3i8e3s-N38o7m.einBrasíliaBromeliacearum
refereesfortheirconstructivecomnients. Smith. L.B. 1943. Bromeliáceasnovasou interessantes
do Brasil- II. Arquivos de Botânicado Estadode
Literaturecited SãoPaulo 1: 102-122,tab. 101-134.
Barbará, T.; Martinelli, G.; Fay, M.F.; Mayo, S.J. & Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. 1977. Tillandsioideae
Lexer, C. 2007. Population differentiation and (Bromeliaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14:
species cohesion in two closely related plants 663-1492.
adapted to neotropical high-altitude ‘inselbergs , Versieux,L.M.&Wanderlcy,M.G.L.2007a.Alcantarea
Alcantarea imperialis and Alcantarea geniculata (E. Morrenex Mez)Harms. In: Wanderley, M. G.
(Bromeliaceae).MolecularEcology 16: 1981-1992. L.; Shepherd, G. J.; Melhem, T. S. & Giulietti, A.
Barbará, T.; Lexer, C.; Martinelli, G.; Mayo, S.J.; Fay, M.(eds).FlorafanerogâmicadoestadodeSãoPaulo.
M.F.&Heuertz,M.2008.Within-populationspatial InstitutodeBotânica,SãoPaulo.Vol.5. Pp.59-62.
geneticstructureinfournaturallyfragmentedspecies Versieux, L. M. & Wanderley, M. G. L. 2007b. Two
of a neotropical inselbergs radiation, Alcantarea new species of Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae,
imperialis,A.geniculata,A.glaziouanaandA.regina Tillandsioideae)fromBrazil.Brittonia59:57-64.
(Bromeliaceae).Heredity 101:285-296. Versieux, L. M. & Wendt, T. 2006. Checklist of
Barbará,T.;Martinelli,G.;Palma-Silva,C.;Fay,M.F.; Bromeliaceae ofMinas Gerais, Brazil, with notes
Mayo, S. & Lexer, C. 2009. Genetic relationships ontaxonomyandendemism.Selbyana27: 107-146
and variation in reproduetive strategies in four Wittmack,L. 1891. VriescareginaBecr.Gartenflora40:
closely related bromeliads adapted to neotropical 160-163.
Artigo recebidoem 17/08/2009. Aceitopara publicaçãoem 12/07/2010.
Rodríguésiá61(3):421-429.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14
