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CURRENT ISSUES IN COSMOLOGY
WhatarethecurrentideasdescribingthelargescalestructureoftheUniverse?How
dotheyrelatetotheobservedfacts?Thisbooklooksatboththestrengthsandweak-
nessesofthecurrentbig-bangmodelinexplainingcertainpuzzlingdata.Itarises
fromaninternationalconferencethatbroughttogethermanyoftheworld’sleading
players in cosmology. In addition to presenting individual talks, the proceedings
oftheresultingdiscussionsarealsorecorded.Givingacomprehensivecoverageof
the expanding field of cosmology, this text will be valuable for graduate students
andresearchersincosmologyandtheoreticalastrophysics.
Jean-Claude Pecker hashadalongandsuccessfulcareerofresearchinthe
theory of stellar atmospheres, and later, cosmology. After studying at the E´cole
Normale Supe´rieure and gaining his doctorate from Institut d’Astrophysique de
Parisin1950,heheldresearchpositionsattheCNRS,theUniversityofClermont-
Ferrand,andtheParisObservatoryinMeudon.HewasDirectoroftheNiceObser-
vatory(1962–69),GeneralSecretaryoftheIAU(1964–67),DirectoroftheInstitut
d’AstrophysiquedeParis(1972–79),andProfesseurattheColle`gedeFrancefrom
1963 to his retirement in 1988. He has devoted much of his time to UNESCO
activities, to the defence of human rights, to the promotion of a rationalist view
oftheworld,andtothepopularizationofscience.Hehaswrittennearly30books
on astronomy and solar astrophysics, many of which have been translated and
distributedthroughouttheworld.
Professor Pecker is Commandeur of the Le´gion d’Honneur, Grand’Croix of the
Ordre National du Me´rite, and Commandeur of the Palmes Acade´miques. He has
received several international prizes and is a fellow of several academies, notably
the Acade´mie Royale de Belgique, the International Academy of Humanism, and
the Academia Europaea. He is an Associate of the Royal Astronomical Society,
London.
Jayant V. Narlikar is a well-known cosmologist, noted for his opposition
totheparadigmofthebigbangandhisworkonalternativecosmologies.Hisearly
educationwasattheBanarasHinduUniversity,India,followedbyhigherdegrees
at the University of Cambridge (B.A. 1960, Ph.D. 1963, Sc.D. 1976). He was a
fellowatKing’sCollege,Cambridge(1963–72)andafounderstaffmemberofthe
InstituteofTheoreticalAstronomyattheUniversityofCambridge(1966–72).He
thenreturnedtoIndiatotakeupaprofessorshipattheTataInstituteofFundamental
Research,whereheledtheTheoreticalAstrophysicsGroupuntil1989.In1988he
wasinvitedtosetuptheInter-UniversityCentreforAstronomyandAstrophysics,
ofwhichhewastheFoundingDirectoruntilhisretirementin2003.Inadditiontohis
researchandtravel,hehasplayedaroleasapopularizerofscience,andBrahmand,
hisserialonastronomyinHindi,enjoyedpopularacclaimonIndiantelevision.He
has written many books, including Introduction to Cosmology (1993, 2002), The
LighterSideofGravity(1996),andSevenWondersoftheCosmos(1999).
Professor Narlikar has received several awards including the S.S. Bhatnagar
AwardforthePhysicalSciences,TheJanssenMedaloftheSocie´te´ Astronomique
de France, and UNESCO’s Kalinga Award for science popularization. He is an
AssociateoftheRoyalAstronomicalSociety,London,FellowoftheThirdWorld
Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the three national academies of science in
India.
CURRENT ISSUES IN COSMOLOGY
Editedby
JEAN-CLAUDE PECKER
FormerlyattheColle`gedeFrance,Paris
and
JAYANT NARLIKAR
FormerlyattheInter-UniversityCentreforAstronomyandAstrophysics,Pune,India
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521858984
© Cambridge University Press 2006
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2006
isbn-13 978-0-511-22005-0 eBook (EBL)
isbn-10 0-511-22005-7
eBook (EBL)
isbn-13 978-0-521-85898-4 hardback
isbn-10 0-521-85898-4 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Listofcontributors page vii
Preface ix
PartI Observationalfactsrelatingtodiscretesources 1
1 Thestateofcosmology 3
G.Burbidge
2 The redshifts of galaxies and QSOs 17
E.M.BurbidgeandG.Burbidge
3 Accretiondiscsinquasars? 37
J.Sulentic
PartII Observationalfactsrelatingtobackgroundradiation 47
4 CMBobservationsandconsequences 49
F.Bouchet
5 Abundancesoflightnuclei 69
K.Olive
6 EvidenceforanacceleratingUniverseorlackof? 76
A.Blanchard
PartIII Standardcosmology 85
7 Cosmology,anoverviewofthestandardmodel 87
F.Bernardeau
8 WhatarethebuildingblocksofourUniverse? 101
K.C.Wali
PartIV Large-scalestructure 109
9 Observationsoflarge-scalestructure 111
V.deLapparent
10 Reconstructionoflarge-scalepeculiarvelocityfields 123
R.Mohayaee,B.TullyandU.Frisch
v
vi Contents
PartV Alternativecosmologies 137
11 Thequasi-steady-statecosmology 139
J.V.Narlikar
12 EvidenceforironwhiskersintheUniverse 152
N.C.Wickramasinghe
13 Alternativestodarkmatter:MOND+Mach 164
D.Roscoe
14 Anthropicprincipleincosmology 173
B.Carter
PartVI Evidenceforanomalousredshifts 181
15 Anomalousredshifts 183
H.C.Arp
16 RedshiftsofgalaxiesandQSOs:Theproblemofredshift
periodicities 197
G.Burbidge
17 Statisticsofredshiftperiodicities 207
W.Napier
18 Localabnormalredshifts 217
J.-C.Pecker
19 Gravitationallensingandanomalousredshifts 223
J.Surdej,J.-F.ClaeskensandD.Sluse
PartVII Paneldiscussion 235
20 Paneldiscussion 237
G.Burbidge,A.Blanchard,M.Disney,F.Bertola
21 Generaldiscussion 248
22 Concludingremarks 261
J.V.Narlikar
Index 264
Contributors
HaltonARP,MPI,Garching,Germany
FrancisBERNARDEAU,CEA/Saclay,France
FrancescoBERTOLA,UniversityofPadova,Italy
ChristianBIZOUARD,ObservatoiredeParis,France
AlainBLANCHARD,ObservatoireMidi-Pyre´ne´es,Toulouse,France
Franc¸oisBOUCHET,IAP,Paris,France
HenrikBROBERG,Stockholm,Sweden
GeorgesBUCHNER,Paris,France
GeoffreyBURBIDGE,UCSD,LaJolla,California,USA
MargaretBURBIDGE,UCSD,LaJolla,California,USA
BrandonCARTER,ObservatoiredeParis-Meudon,France
MichelCASSE´,CEA/Saclay,France
MichelDECOMBAS,Paris,France
MichaelJ.DISNEY,UniversityofWales,Cardiff,UK
FlorenceDURRET,IAP,Paris,France
He´diELAGREBI,Paris,France
RogerFERLET,IAP,Paris,France
MarcelFROISSART,Colle`gedeFrance,Paris,France
PasqualeGALIANI,Italy
FranciscoGOMEZ-MONT,MexicoCity,Mexico
GeorgesGONZALES,SAF,Paris,France
BrunoGUIDERDONI,IAP,Paris,France
CarlosGUTTERIEZ,IAC,Tenerife,CanaryIslands,Spain
HaykHARUTYUNIAN,BjurakanObservatory,Armenia
GeorgesHOYNANT,SAF,Paris,France
RoyC.KEYS,APEIRON,Montre´al,Canada
RalphKRIKORIAN,IAP&Colle`gedeFrance,Paris,France
Vale´riedeLAPPARENT-GURRIET,IAP,Paris,France
vii
viii Listofconributors
BernardLEMPEL,SAF,Paris,France
ChristianMARCHAL,ONERA,Paris,France
PascalMASSE´,Paris,France
RoyaMOHAYAEE,OCA,Nice,France
MarianoMOLES,InstitutodeAstrofisiladeAndaluc´ıa,Granada,Spain
JacquesMORET-BAILLY,Universite´ deBourgogne,Dijon,France
WilliamNAPIER,ArmaghObservatory,NorthernIreland,UK
JayantV.NARLIKAR,Colle`gedeFrance,Paris,France,&IUCAA,Pune,India
X.NEDJAR,Paris,France
KeithOLIVE,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,USA
GeorgesPATUREL,ObservatoiredeLyon,Saint-Genis-Laval,France
Jean-ClaudePECKER,Colle`gedeFrance,Paris,France
HuguetteQUINTIN,Paris,France
ClaudePICARD,SAF,Boulogne-Billancourt,France
RolandQUERRY,SAF,Paris,France
DavidROSCOE,SheffieldObservatory,UK
FrancisSANCHEZ,Universite´ ParisXI,France
ClaudeSAROCHI,Paris,France
ManuelSMIL,Paris,France
JackSULENTIC,UniversityofAlabama,Tuscaloosa,USA
JacquesSUPERNANT,Paris,France
JeanSURDEJ,Universite´ deLie`ge,Belgique
ElizabethVANGIONI-FLAM,IAP,Paris,France
KameshwarC.WALI,SyracuseUniversity,NY,USA
N.ChandraWICKRAMASINGHE,CardiffCentreofAstrobiology,Wales,UK
HeinerWIZEMANN,Paris,France
