CRATAEGUS TENUIOR (ROSACEAE)—AN INTRIGUING NEW SPECIES FROM THE OKANAGAN OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND WASHINGTON AND A NEW VARIETY OF C. OKANAGANENSIS

2013·10.3 MB·English

by  J B Phipps

NEW
AN
TENUIOR (ROSACEAE)— INTRIGUING SPECIES
CRATAEGUS
OKANAGAN AND WASHINGTON
COLUMBIA
FROM THE OF
BRITISH
NEW
AND A OF OKANAGANENSIS
VARIETY
C.
Phipps
J.B.
CANADA
N6A
London, Ontario, 5B7,
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION
revealed
dispersal
recent
my
prior to its
of accumulated duplicate collection
axmrnmyofPacificNorthwestCrnmcgusTteCrmaegmdescriWforthatregioncanbedmded™^^^^
fruitandlxttharerepresent^^^^^^^
ripe
on color of their fully
orpurple-toblackJruitedgroupsbased
ThispaperdescribesCrataegustennior,spnov.(reddruited).andC.oknnag<memrivarJ<mg.sp,nn™^
n
arra^
e
l*-fruitcd),ensuringthattheveryrichvariationencounteredbytheauthormttegenem
lun*ia01m„aganisLlyaccount«ifor,atleastasfarasdistinctiveandrq«atedlyoccnrr.nglortnstsc^^^^^
^“d™fof
wererevisedhyPhi^^^^^
Northwest
the Pacific
OhnaganheingintwLries.ser.Ro,„-nh/olineandser.M«r«m,.hne.The^^^^
MTMandCshcila-phippsiacandwasrevisedfmtherepo^^J^i'n
witn
^ Macracmtlm,
Senes
plane-sided and glandular petioles.
nutlets
P=Uoles,ishererepresenteLnlyhyC.-m.crncamhn.Crma,*»sch,,s«nrpaandC.marrncand.aarev^
^
Okanagan the
“ngingspecies to
occurring from the
mucracamhu
v
ry
ance,
The new and, at first g
local
species, C. tenuior, is
with white anthers,
mmmcanAa oocccciudefnetMaolims,
var.
Cmlaegus
ex Uud. Kruschke.
occUeulalis (Britt)
var.
Journal of the Botanical Research
Institute of
Texas
7(1)
is the most usual form of C. macracmtha west of the Rockies and is the only variety of the species so
far
record-
ed from British Columbia. Crataegus tenuior was collected by myself and O’Kennon BRIT
first of
R.J. in
Sep-
tember 1993 in the Shuswap area of British Columbia but, in spite of the similarities alluded to above,
several
differences from C. macracantha var. occidentalis soon became apparent. These included: often more
rounded
and
leaf apices, generally smaller less coriaceous leaves, small pink anthers, generally more slender
thorns, and
more
delicate plant habit Moreover,
(Figs. 10, 11, 12). C. tenuior, like C. chrysocarpa, but unlike C. macracantha,
has
the sides of the nutlets ± plane or, occasionally, only irregularly and shallowly pitted, as well as
glandular,
sometimes
strongly
so, petioles. In addition, C. tenuior shares with sympatric forms of both macracantha
C.
var.
occidentalis and C. chrysocarpa Ashe var. chrysocarpa, the most common form of the latter species, the of
trait
ripening fruit passing through an apricot to salmon or orange phase on the way to ripening to a bright red
(see
C. macracantha - Figs. 13a, 12b), different from most other forms both
of species, particularly those to the east
of the Rockies, the which
fruit of normally changes from
directly green However,
to red. in spite of sharing
important
charactenstics with
C. chrysocarpa, with
it is a slender form of C. macracantha (Fig. 12b), sympatric
with
C. tenuior, that C. tenuior most
is easily confused.
Crataegus
tenuior proves have
to a quite limited
distribution predominantly in the northern Okanaganof
southern
Bntish Columbia, mainly from somewhat
north Armstrong
of to the vicinity of Enderby in the north
Shuswap
central area where common. From
is locally
it this region extends thinly into the generally drier
it
Okanogan
Washington
of where
Crataegus as a whole peters out. Mainly collected in the mid 1990s and 2002,
C. tenuior remained undescribed now
until because
of the need
to assess C. macracantha throughout large
its
range, the greatest of any North American
Crataegus,
prior to deciding whether should be included in that
it
specms. Although
C. macracantha has proven be
to very much
variable through
of range, especially so in
its
Quebec
and
Montana,
has, except
it for a population
in northwest
Montana, a
strikingly eglandular petioles,
trait usually thought
of as
species-specific.
Consequently,
a morphometric Northwest
study
of relevant Pacific
was
material conducted
to investigate these
distinctions.
study.—
Fourteen OTUs
flowering
and 54 OTUs
fruiting (Table constituting all the
VWO
1),
ffomCT
(now
TRT)
specimens
of pmative
Crataegus
lenulor and macracaMha from Columbia
C. Brilish
Washington,
were
The
used.
flowering
specimens
were
scored lor seven characteristics mean length of
three
largest leaves,
petiole glanduUrity
(Figs. 9a, median
9c), thorn length, median thorn thickness, sepal
irargin
serration
(Figs. 9b, 9d), anther
color
(Fig. and
11), style number. The specimens used the same
fruiting
c
aracters except
that number
nutlet
replaced
number
style
is usually the same) and pitting
(it nutlet lateral
placed
anther coteMissing
data, in than 10%
if less of OTUs, was meansol
repUced by column
(character)
b^est
the OTUs
subset of Le
considered, u
pmteriuri,
unequivocally the taxL more than 10% missing
if
Podanfs
cluster analyses were performed using
^5YNN-TTAAXX ZMO*™!
2000. The
data were
sets ranged
before
The
analysis.
results are as
follows:
The
PoCA
ordtnattons
(Fig and MDS
3)
(Fig. of
4) the euclidean sepan
distance matrix siraibrly
Cru,ueg„s,e„„.mandC.macr«cu„,hucleatdy.Thefirstaxisoftheprin7p:if^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
““
62%
for of the variation f'"*
group alv
comprising le
s
m
-
4) small, the
( concordance
of very
different methods
emphasizes
tf
2 1
277
and'TCB'=l
Phipps,
RZila,'WP'=Wm
3 (6923), 4 (8370), 5 (8389), 6 (8400), 7 (8401 8 (6902), 9 (6903), 10 (6963), 1 1 (8304), 1
),
),
4 (701 5 (701 6 (7171), 7 (8265), 8 (8274), 9 (8451), 10 (8452), 1 1 (8453), 12 (8454),
1), 3),
18 (6792), 19 (8275), 20 (8473), 21 (6484), 22 (7103), 23 (7025), 24 (6783), 25 (8457),
J),
32 33 (6787), 34 (6793), 35 (81 76), 36 (6782), 37 (8275a), 38 (6976),
31 (6790), (6781),
4),
42 (TCB4041 43 (8463), 44 (8464), 45 (8478), 46 (6789), 47 (6867), 48 (6871 ), 49 (Z1 7891 ), 50 (Z1 7907), 5
),
,
54
52 7904), 53 (Z22423), (7265).
(Z20320),
(1
or 4 short
margins, 3 styles,
sepal
„Hr^tnflpnticulate
, , :.entxr
TheCrataegus OTUs had pink anthers,
tenuior all OTUs
occidentalis
wh _
mm)
(mean = 41.66
Jwms (mean = mm)
40.14 and short leaves 1
^
g
l>^whiteorivoryanthers,moredeeplyserratesepalmargms,2or3styles,shortto
Aoms
mm).
and (mean = 47.00
short to longer leaves
•^Fnutiiigii
::;emeisolani(OTl]22)inFigure5whichis
uch an extr
larger nght-hand There also
group. is
the
identifies
•^edOTU two larger
of and adds on fusion of the
all after groups
, „Jf"STUs two ffaaiirrllyy llaajr-ggee ei
in
clustering
^
‘blaster of OTUs
‘'P‘'“l*“nd“’’;::;u^dLoT.?s22andM.SL,alsono<shown,isvery^^^^
278
UPGMA
except
that its left-hand group also includes OTU 39 and group lacks several
the large right-hand
OTUs
which
are added only OTU
after the fusion of the two big groups. Here also 22 is added last, further
emphasizing
its isolated position. Finally, ISS (Fig. 6) divides all 54 OTUs into a left-hand group identical to
UPGMA
that in and
OTU
the remainder. OTU
In this, as in CL, 22 not
is as isolated as 54.
Summarizing
the cluster analyses, there is a consistently occurring group of OTUs 1-16 plus 19 and 26.
At
least the great majority of may
these be have a lovf
referred
to Crataegus tenuior as they lack, or occasionally
evd
of
nutlet pitting or
scarring. any-
Similarly, the remainder, comprising a right-hand group, outliers, if
large
to e left-hand group «-
t of C. tenuior, plus may part be
outliers, if any, to the combined main groups, in large
terrri,„C.macrac»«haasd.evWh-.H„^„.„,„„......
outliers™*
22 and 54. nouble
re
Ainong
the PCoA
ordinations,
(Fig. 7) yields a left-hand group of OTUs 1-16 plus 19 and 22 and a tag!
group
of
the remainder. Here 41%
of total picked up by MDS yields a top-r»i^‘
the first axis. (Fig. 8)
mT
“
In
remainder.
“P “ bottom-left group of the
s 6 and 54
are
peripheral. This strong OTU MDS UPGMA As
isolation of 22 situation.
in the
reflects
the duster ^lyses,
a oral
discrete
Crataegus
tenuior group may by a lack of,
be found characterized
that
is
And nutlets
^‘^^rri^g OTUs with four
as in the flowering analyses, the
all
in
lie the
putative
u
differe^
^’^cept for the OTUs two very
isolated 22 and the
54. Significantly,
ordination
methods
identify ‘thhee s&ame main those
patterns groups to
of and
variation very similar
also detect
the
w
cluster
analyses
^™‘^o’^istendesregardingOTUs22and26.Thefruitinganalysesarethussoin^
„
mumalfy
™ilar
of
than
the perceuug!
flowering
analyses, an lower
observation with the
in line
vanance
accountedforbyaxis
1 of the PCoA.
19.Inth^
OTUsd1--16 +
nilar core grouping of
^
tenuiorsp.
Crataegus
I
Phipps,
^
P"** -
wwtittnh
ssppeecciimmeennss "'1^,
contams. trhhoossee
analyses, the core tenuior group
glanduUrpeHotejl«m^w^^^^
ona
0-1
of
three-poin. scale),
InU^
cbtactercouldstillberelUblyinlerpreted.nfru«,a^s^^^^^^
Hl5;andOTUslO,16,
19,
13,0
OTUs
splits into three subgroups containing: 4, 5, 7, 9, ’ ’ ’
’
j the significance
tlir.iiah
seco«lsubgro„p.^^^^
LcUve
^ularily the
than
l^taaad
higher petiole
las. of
^
they
Figure 6 (ISS) ^
of found in
diisis not Similar subgroups are
clear.
^
»"3(Figs.7,8).,ti^ofcourse,afeatureofglandstba.d.eyn«y^^
“tat^aybeaumreconsuntcharacteratanthesiscanbelessajelWeE^^^^^^^
nntte^r
S®t^g»d,h
‘ht.thasa.mM.ng ^
the tauiorcore
fruitinganaly-
ofdK«m _
Cr<nnegnsmncrncan,ln.isrepresen.edbya
g
- macracanthagroup,plusOTU
m 18 70 54
OTUs
tte
^except OTU the 2^ ^
All
22, see below, interpretation.
8^
We
suox^ bc
^
nutlet sides significantly (score of 2) to )
^
UX
i. )
1.25,
’^hich have (respectively
middling nutlet side scores macracmtha
-t.in.esc.nster,oUwi.b.becote.em,iorgmuptbou^^^^^
Wit
Ponp
but group.
in the part closest to the tenuior comprises the smaUer-
^3
29,30,32,K^^^^^^
^-dchaster OTUs
containing 20,21,
17, 18,
tenumrThe^^^^
^v^specimens
more likeC.
with dimensions
thevanousanalyses,afactparticularlyseeninbolh
^^^^bly fimitingsam^^
the
that
A reason
major
CLdendrogram
not shown. no doubt due to the
that is andAe^^^
this
diverse,
^
l^gerthanthe one(540TUscompared to 14),
flowering
be collect
can .
specimens
longer which adequate
time-frame over
Journal of the Botanical Research
Institute of Texas
7(1)
Thef
mentioned above-
differences as
However
^ OTUs
ruiting more
variation
is present and two mutually groups do
exclusive
xr
*^'*‘^’^g^;Neverthele^,agroupofl-16
+
19isconsistentlyfoundwhichisCrataegusfenMiorInfruit,thebest
seems
interpretation
to be accept
to the presence
of
plane-sided
nutlets as and con-
decisive for this species to
oHowrnutlivemr'^'TT''1I'1^^^^^
'*
haps Vbt^d betw^n chTiX
was
L '"*r<tcanlha. However, not set
the sntdy
up minimal
test this and, wtl^ldr"
^'XHtM^XT*'
an
oddity, perhaps cuItivatedXm
the
Okanagan.
This macracant
clearly a C.
is
form
svith eglandular and
its petioles
pitted
nutlet.;
cnn,hnindividn*abintheXdy,as,.rt:Xh^‘:“““
parts, again
Some
quite of
unlike its
the others studied.
more
distinct features did nnt aet
f“n''«inore>
meXenXs
tog thornless, achieved
it thorns of
toaanahtyntotedistinctthantheatalysessLandXtaXr^
g
u-h!tn>mTonasket,Washmgton(Fig
Mhlhisindwidualappearsthentost
new
and a variety of okanaganensis
V. C.
m OTU
PcoA. the only
and peripheral It is
extreme UPGMA MDS, most extreme in ISS is
of in and second
all is
Unlike
C. tenuior,
and deeply pitted nutlet sides.
in the study combine highly glandular petioles,
to four nutlets,
tohaveadistmctively
68 studied
specimen of the
only
the
ithasessentiallyglandlessleaf-teethatxlO.Also,it is
a very rare
This, suspect, is
chrysocarpa. 1
C.
resemblances to
non-macracanthoid shape, one with clear
leaf
C
between chryso-
^ple an hybrid or clone thereof,
of
in the study perhaps unique in collections,
area,
‘^^^ndC.macracanthavar.occidentalis.
names
taxonomic consistent is
is
groups
to
and flowering
Confirmation of fruiung
that the calibration
being from the
and JBP 8401)
6814
(JBP
tenuior
by two flower™ sDecimens attributed to Crataegus
JBP 6903 (flowering)
C
occidentalis
macraeantlia var.
while
for
plants asJBP 7171 and JBP 8454 (fruiting)
comes
from
the same plant asJBP 6871 (fruiting).
282
m
Bus
2.5-4.0
es, multi-stemmed:
tall,
l-year old twigs
tan 3-5
to reddish brown, older gray-brown; thorns
cmlong
straight to slightly recurved,
thinnish, glossy
black-chestnutwhenyoungAeaves
deciduous; peti^^^^
cm
1.25 2.5 long, pubescent only
in
sulcus,
variably
cm
gland-dotted;
blades (2 5-)3-5(-7) long, broadly el-
liptic to ovate or rhombovate
in general
shape;
apices
subacute,
bases broad-cuneate, shallowly 4-5(-^) lobed
persidMobesacute
to obtuse;margins
serrate, teeth with
conspicuous
black marginal glands (except±entire
m
basal venation
third), craspedodromous
with
5(-6)
pairs
of im-
lateral veins, veins adaxially not strikingly
pressed
at maturity, adaxially densely
short-appressed
hairy, abaxially thinly pubescent on the veins, other-
wise
glabrous, texture autumnal
thin,
color bright
yellow.
Inflorescences branches tomen-
abt. 10-flowered;
mbranous,
gland-margined
15-17
bracteoles, glands Flowers
subsessile.
ns glandular-dentic-
±
mm);
styles
0.6
.^..lalKca.
, ,
±
broad-ellipsoid,
t-,
<
B
most easdy
distinguished
in dower C
(Figs. when sympairic
9, 11) diders from
it
mnrmrandinbyavpety
of
characters
asdisciissed
above.
In
fruit. however.Clenui^
tmguish from
smaller-leaved specimens ofC
macroconthfl
Without fh
dissect Th because the
'
petiolar glandularity character has some
overlap, the m
sepal margin cham^m'ayTrracnU d*
discern,
numllr™'^'
vithout and
dissection, the nutlet
l-f^eoueml'^f™!,'''
irequently
't found, no‘t''a At that stage,
is diagnostic.
autumnal
although
leaf color (yellowish
ii
new
and a
Crataegus tenuior sp. nov. variety of C. o
Phipps,
54fruitingspedinensofs
fit7.StandardizedPCoA of eudideandistance matrix of
group is C macmcantha; OTUs 22, 54 exduded. OTUs 22, 26 and 54 are starred.
—
wtth the
and texture J*
leaf
thorn,
i»y twig,
the smaller leaves, and greater delicacy of habit, m
chamctem
several
sharing
of
otC. mncracnntha. With regmd d,rysocarpa, in spite foUo™^^
to C.
The
nmcrosc^tcahy.
separated
easily
h«ior,seefcey,ithassttchadifferentfaciesthat is
it
C
mneracn«.l.ovar.
prizes C.
between
tenuior,
critical distinctions
oe
Wclirysocarpainthecontextofallthered-fmitedCratacgiofthcOkatiagan.
it is best to check several fruits for nutlet pitting.
Journal of the Botanical Research
Institute of
Texas
7(1)
macracantha
C.
C
''*™**' macraamlha»
to
mT'"
uch'more'norifei^r
1®’
overlap'^
“'“'ifT
‘i"™* n
smaller-leaved and
smaller
innorescence
tormsof
maeracmrt..
C.
"
suggested '’'TTf
origin for the sporadic "“"T*'' ®
C. lotnemimm (OuleT «Tr “““,f
,m-
’’
named
form u
Minnesota
in and
perhans a
th
&
Great
Plains (Phipps O’Kcnnon
2007). Tis nombkT!'l
Stffl '"“"'“'t
T'!^'!'r"‘‘^'^*7^“^”‘^^«reater01mnava„.^C
^
this
paper). This Okanagan en-
being
the
so, distinctive