Crash-Safe Energy Storage Systems - ARPA-E

13 Pages·2012·1.08 MB·English

by  Nicole Lousteau

Crash-Safe Energy Storage Systems
ARPA-E Workshop
Phil Black
Eos Energy Storage
November 2012
Executive Summary
• Eos has developed a safe, reliable, non-toxic, non-combustible, low cost zinc
energy storage system for the electric grid that can be sold for $160/kWh,
rechargeable over 10,000 cycles (30 years)
• Eos is scaling up battery prototypes in 2012/3 in preparation for manufacturing
and delivery of MW grid-scale systems to grid customers in 2014
• Eos’ low-cost zinc battery technology could enable an EV with 350+ km range
that can be produced at the same cost as a gasoline powered vehicle
• While Eos will emphasize grid-storage with its Aurora product, Eos would like to
partner with OEMs and battery suppliers to develop:
1. Eos zinc-air range extender (near-term)
2. Eos refuelable and rechargeable zinc-air battery/fuel-cell (long-term)
• One full cycle includes full charge, discharge and additional
frequency regulation over the course of one full day. 2
Eos Aurora 1000│6000
Targeted applications define technology characteristics required for profitability
Technology Attributes 10 modules per side
Low-Cost $1,000/kW or $160/kWh (4) 250 kW
inverters
Long Life 10,000 cycles (30 years)
Ample
1 MW for 6 hours = 6MWh in a
Storage 40’ ISO shipping container
Efficient 75% round-trip efficiency
Non-toxic, non-combustible,
100% Safe Balance of
no risk of catastrophic failure
plant system
confidential 3
Why Zinc-Air Batteries?
1 2
• Increased amount of anode material in the Zinc-air cell enables
greater capacity and energy density at lower cost
• Zinc-air batteries use ambient air as the active cathode material—
eliminating material that would normally be carried within the battery
Vs

Non-metal Air Batteries Zinc-Air Battery

Energizer, Zinc Air Prismatic Handbook confidential 4
Eos Competitive Advantages
Low Cost Long Life
5000
s
e 4000
lc
y
C
d
e 3000
t
a
r
t
s
n 2000
o
m
e
D 1000
0
2009 2010 2011 2012
High Energy Density Safe
Li-ion
vs.
*Non-Eos data source: EPRI, Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options, 2010. Natural gas fuel cost range: $6.5 -8/MMBtu.
Levelized cost of energy includes cap. fix, and var. costs. Gas peaking cost estimate from Lazard, 2009, midpoint of est. range;
assumes: 150MW facility, Capital cost $1,125/MW, Heat rate 10.5 MMBtu/MWh, Cap. factor 10%, Facility Life 35 years, confidential 5
Construction time 25 months. Eos: 2MW plant, 25% cap. factor (6hrs of energy production), Roundtrip efficiency of 75%, Cap. cost
for entire system with Eos battery $1.7/watt, O&M costs: $20,000/year for a 2MW/12MWh operating costs, Facility Life 30 years.
Eos Aurora Milestones
x50 x5 x12
20 W
60 kW
1 kW 5 kW
Quad Cell
Sub-Module
Quad Stack Module
Q1 2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4 2012 Q1 2013 Q2 2013 Q3 2013 Q4 2013 Q1 2014
1 2 A 3
Eos 1kW
Quad Stack
Sub-Module Pilot Line Multi-MW
completed
Complete Facility Manufacturing
ahead of
March 2013 Sept 2013 Jan 2014
schedule
1 kW Battery Complete
Aug 2012
6
Electric Vehicle Challenges
• Today’s EV battery
• 40-190 mile range today
costs $500/kWh Cost? Range?
• Goal of 350 miles
• Goal of $250/kWh
Fueling
• 7 hrs to charge 24 kWh • Instability of Li-ion results
Safety?
Time?
Nissan Leaf in catastrophic incidents
BCG, Batteries for Electric Cars, 2010.
7
http://www.nissanusa.com/leaf-electric-car/faq/list/charging#/leaf-electric-car/faq/list/charging
Eos EV Development Roadmap
Current Focus Near Term (2014) Long Term (2015-16)
Eos Aurora: Grid-Scale 1. EV Range Extender 2. Refuelable Battery
• 30 kWh – 10 kW range • 72 kW pulse / 35 kW
extender continuous
• Paired with lithium ion • 70 kWh for 350 km

range
• Full system range of
250 km • 3 min mechanical refuel
• < $3,500 • < $10,000
Adaptation of zinc-air Innovative battery design
Eos internal resources
technology optimized for requires advanced
dedicated to first generation
power, weight, and mobile engineering to enable
grid product launch
application requirements mechanical refueling
8
EOS EV Battery Metrics
USABC USABC
Eos EV Near- Eos EV Med- Average
Minimum Long Term
term goal term goal Lithium Ion
Goals Goals
System Level
91 145 350 300 400
W/kg EOS densities are
system level including
System Level
balance of plant
120 180 100 150 200
Wh/kg
System Level
208 530 350 460 600 A dual EOS and power
W/l
battery can add kW
with small weight and
System Level
273 620 100 230 300 cost penalty
Wh/l
Cost Eos excels at system
100 <100 500 <150 100
USD/kWhr
level costs per Kwh
Li Ion avg incl A123, Ener1, LG Chem, Altairnano & Dow Kokum: specs from web site,
white papers, reports and extrapolation
9
EV Development Focus
Automotive Needs Eos Development Approach
• Sloshing of electrolyte • Viscosify electrolyte
• Electrolyte formulation, viscosifier with
• Low Temperature
antifreeze characteristics
• Electrolyte management system and self-
• High Temperature
filling/healing system design
• Semi-Sealed Construction • Alter electrode reactions, engineer case
• Optimize power by enhancing chemistry;
• Sustained high power
match w/ Li-ion, lead-acid, or capacitor
24 months of joint development could solve engineering—not fundamental
science—challenges to create a low cost, long range vehicle battery
10