Control problems and devices in manufacturing technology 1980 : proceedings of the 3rd IFAC/IFIP Symposium, Budapest, Hungary, 22-25 October 1980 (Manufacont '80)

353 Pages·1981·27.259 MB·English

by  T M R Ellis, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia. Számitástechnikai és Automatizálási Kutatóintézet., International Federation of Automatic Control. Technical Committee on Manufacturing Technology., International Federation for Information Processing. Working Group 5.3

OthTeirt ilnte hsIe F ACPr oceesdS iennges
ATHERTON:M ultivariTaebclhen oloaglSi ycstems
BANKS & PRITCHARD:C ontrooflD istribuPtaerda metSeyrs tems
CICHOCKI& STRASZAK:S ysteAmnsa lysAipsp licattiooC nosm plePxr ograms
CRONHJORT:R ealT imeP rogrammi1n9g7 8
CUENOD:C omputeAri dedD esigonf C ontrSoyls tems
De GIORGO & ROVEDA:C riteforira S electAipnpgr opriTaetceh nologuinedse Dri ffereCnutl tural.
Technicaanld S ociCaoln ditions
DUBUISSONI:n formatioann dS ystems
GHONAIMY:S ysteAmpsp roacfohr Developme(n1t9 77)
HAIMES & KINDLER:W atera ndR elateLda ndR esourScyes tems
HARRISON:D istribuCtoemdp uteCro ntrSoyls tems
HASEGAWA & INOUE:U rbanR,e gionaanld N ationPalla nning-EnvironAmsepnetcatls
HAASE:R ealT imeP rogrammi1n9g8 0
HERBST:A utomatCiocn trionlP owerG eneratiDoins tribuatnidoP nr otection
ISERMANN:I dentificaatnidoS ny stePma rametEesrt imation
ISERMANN& KALT NECKER:D igitCaolm puteArp plicattiooP nrso ceCsso ntrol
JANSSENP,A U & STRASZAK:D ynamiMco dellianngd C ontrooflN ationEaclo nomies
LAUBER:S afeotfyC omputeCro ntrSoyls tems
LEONHARD:C ontrionlP owerE lectroannidcE sl ectriDcrailv es
LESKIEWIC&Z ZAREMBA:P neumataincd H ydraulCiocm ponenatnsd I nstrumeinntA su tomatic
Control
MUNDAY: AutomatCiocn trionlS pace
NAJIM& ABDEL-FATTAH:S ysteAmpsp roacfohr Developme1n9t8 0
NIEMI:A LinkB etweeSnc ienacned A pplicatoifoA nust omatCiocn trol
NOV AK:S oftwaforre C omputeCro ntrol
O'SHEA& POLISA:u tomatiionnM iningM,i neraaln dM etaPlr ocessing
OSHIMA:I nformatioCno ntrPorlo bleimnsM anufacturTiencgh nolo(gy1 977)
RAUCH:C ontrAoplp licatoifoN nosn lineParro gramming
REMBOLD:I nformatioCno ntrPorlo bleimnsM anufacturTiencgh nolo(g1y9 79)
RIJNSDORPC:a seS tudiiensA utomatiroenl atteodH umanizatoifoW no rk
SAWARAGI & AKASHI:E nvironmenStyaslt ePmlsa nninDge,s igann dC ontrol
SINGH& TITLIC:o ntraonld M anagemenotfI ntegraItneddu strCioamlp lexes
TITLI& SINGH:L argSec alSey stemTsh:e orayn dA pplications
SMEDEMA:R ealT imeP rogrammi1n9g7 7
SUBRAMANYAM: ComputeArp plicatiinoL nasr gSec alPeo werS ystems
NOTICTEO READERS
DearR eader
Ify ourl ibrairsny o ta lreaad syt anding/contionrudaetcriu osnt omteort hisse riemsa,yw e recommend
thayto up lacae s tanding/contionrudaettrio ro enc eiivmem ediatueployn p ublicatailonlne wv olumes.
Shoulydo uf intdh atth esveo lumenso l ongesre rvyeo urn eedsy,o uro rdecra nb ec ancelaltea dn yt ime
withonuott ice.
ROBERT MAXWELL
PubliasthP eerr gamPorne ss
CONTROL PROBLEMSA ND
DEVICESI N MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGY 1980
Proceedinogfts h e3 rdI FACIIFSIyPm posz"um
BudapesHtu,n gary, Octobe1r9 80
22-2.5
(MANUFACONT' 80)
Editebdy
T.M . R.E LLIS
Universz"tyo fS heffiEengllda,n d
Publishedt he
for
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL
by
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD NEW YORK TORONTO SYDNEY PARIS FRANKFURT
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Copyright1©9 81I FAC
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reproduscteodri,en ad r etriseyvaslto ertm r ansmiint ted
anyf ormo rb ya nym eanse:l ect-reolneicct,r ostatic,
magnettiacp em,e chanipchaolt,o copryeicnogr,do irn g
otherwwiisteh,o puetr missiino wnr iting tfhreo m
copyrighhto lders.
Firsetd itni 1o981
BritLiisbhr aCrayt alogiuniP nugb licaDtaitoan
Contrporlo bleamnsd d eviceisn m anufacturing
technol1o9g8y0 .
1.C ontrtohle or-yC ongresses
I.E ll,iT s.M.R.I I.I nternatioFneadle ration
ofA utomatCiocn trol
629.8 QA402.3
ISBN0 -08-026720-3
LibraorfCy o ngesrsC atalCoagr ndo :8 1-81337
Thesper oceewdeirnrege sp rodbuycm eeda nosft he
photo-porffosceusetis nstg h mea nuscrsiupptpslb iyte hde
authoofrt shd e1 efrfe npta perTsh.em anuschraivpet s
beetny puseidn dgif ferent taynpdte ywpreiftaTechreess .
lay-ofuitg,u arnedts a bolefss o mpeap erdsi ndo atg ree
complewtiettlhhys e t andraerqdu iremceonntsse;q uently
three produdcotenisoo dtnis plcaoym pluemtofer mity.
Toe nsurraepp iudb lictahtdiiissoc nr epcaonucnlyodb t e
changneodcr;o utlhdEe n glbisehc hecckoemdp letely.
Theretfhorere ea,d aerraess kteoed x cusaend ye ft'ciencies
oft hpisu blicwahtiimcoahny b ed uet ot haeb omveen ­
tionreeda sons.
ThEed itor
Printeid nO reaBtnt· aibny WheatoCno .L tdEx.e,t er
A. fl
THIRD IFAC/IFISPY MPOSIUM ON CONTROL PROBLEMS
AND DEVICESI N MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Organbisye d
TheC omputearn dA utomation Inosftt ihteHu utneg ariAacna dmey ofS ciences
Sponsboyr ed
TheI nternatiFoendaelr atoifoA nu tomatCiocn tr(oIlF ACt)h rough
TechnicCaolm mittoeneM anufacturTiencgh nology
TechnicCaolm mittoeneT heory
Co-sponsored by
TheI nternatiFoendaelr atfoiro Inn formatiPorno cess(iInFgI P) through
WorkinGgr oup (DiscrMeatneu facturing)
5.3.
InternatPrioognraalm Cmoem mittee NatioOnragla nizCingo mmittee
J.H atvanHyu,n gar(yC hairman) J.S oml6 (Chairman)
J.L .N evinsU,. S.A(.V ice-Chairman) J.H atvan(yV ice-Chairman)
T.M . R.E lliUs.,K .( Editor) G.H enese(yS ecretary)
Dr.C halupCaz,e choslovakia J.B ali
M. HorvathH,u ngary M. Bathor
D.K ochanG,. D.R. Sz.C zente
M. E.M erchanUt.,S .A. F.E rdelyi
NemesH,u ngary Gy.H ajos
L.
D.E .O khotsimsUk.yS,. S.R. Gy.H ermann
Y.O shimaJ,a pan M. Horvath
D.M cPhersoUn .,K . M. Jakab
0.I .S emenkoUv.,S .S.R. J.K ocsis
J.S oml6H,u ngary I.K ovacs
G.S purF,. R.G. J.M arton
H.T akeyamJaa,p an Nemes
L.
K.T oginJoa,p an P.R anky
R.T omoviYcu,g oslavia E.S zentai
V.D .T svetkUo.vS,. S.R. A.S zmejkal
H-JW.a rneckeF,. R.G. A.T ari
INTRODUCTION
Copyrihgt©IFCAoCn tPrroolb laemsn d
Drnces
BudapesHtu,n ryg,a
1980
THE MANUFACONT SYMPOSUIM
'80
T.M .R .
Ellis
TheMANU FACONT s1y8mos0pi umw hihc wash eld fololwintgh es esns tihoeau thorwesr e
inB udeatsp on2 n2d-25Otcohtbe r19 8,0w as invtide tos uppwlriyt etnan swers. The
thet hidr IAFC/IsFmyIpPo sioumnc notrol cloleicnot ancdl olaitngo ft hseequ estinos
problaendmd se vcieisn m anfuacturing anda nsrwsewa sc arreido utw itgrhe at
technoogyl,a ndf ollwoede alriesrym posia efficeincbyy m ebmerosf t hesym posium
whihc wereh elidnT okyo(1 977)a nd seectrraait.W hat ppaeairnst hese
Stugtatr(t9 179)T.he s ymposiwaums prociegnesdi san editevder sni oof these
attendd bey1 5p8a tricainspt frmo writn tcmmeoenst e-deitda s rf aast he
16
cuonter,si whoh eard5 plaeryn paperasn d prsenetatino isc oncernande dn o,tt ot he
35s umbitted paeprs;an otherp apresw hihc besto ft hEdei otr'knso wle,di gner espeocft
6
shouhladvb ee ne prseetneadr ei nlcudde in theitre hcncialc notetn.I nt hesreep o,rt s
thesper ocieneg.ds howevre,a llc uortesyan d prosfseoinal
ttileasn dd egerseh avbee eonim ttaesd
Thep aperwse rsee lteecdby an Itnrnae tinoal tmied id npoet rmitth ierv erifaiticno,an d
ProramgmeC ommittcenoes itsnig tohfe theiarb sencwea s fteobl eta lesseervl i
foolwling: thant hierm is-ues.
J.H avtany, Hunga(ryhC airman) Theo peng isnesns oifot hes ymposiwumas
J.L .N evinUsS,A ( ViCchaeirm-an) precebdyea mde ssageo fw elcmoe from
T. M.E lliR,s. U niteKdigd nom Edtiro Mr.A ndrGaasb oDre,p uMtiyns ietro f
( )
Chala,u Cpzheoscolvaak i Metlaulrgya ndM achinIedn ustry, whow as
Dr.
M.H orvath,Hu ngary unvaoiabdlpyre veendtf rmo opegn tihne
Kohcan,G DR symopsiiumn p erns.o hIinms es sgea
D.
M.E .M ehracnt, Mr. G�obrm enitnoedd evleopmtesn tihne
USA
Nemes,H unaryg tpoicosft hes ymposiwumhi hc werteak ign
L.
E.O khostmisky,U SSR palcei nH uganry, nadp oitendo utt hat
D.
Y.Os hai,mJ apan thiwass t hef ifthm ajorIA FCc noferceen
MchPerons,U nietdK igdnom ors ympositumoh avbee ehne dl inH ungary,
D.
O.I .S emkeonvU,S SR and remintdheepda r ticinpats thatt he
J.S mol,o Hungary 9tIhA FCW orlCdnogr essw oulbdeh edl in
G.S purF,R G Budeatsp in Welcmoign addsrseesw ere
1894.
Taekamya, Japna alsog ivenb yD r.T ibVo�ro san d Prosfseor
H.
K.T ogoi,nJ apan YasurjoOi shai;mt htex ets oft heasree
R.T moov,i Ycugsoalvai incdleudi nt hepsreo ceges.d in
V. TsvkeotvU,S SR
D.
H-J.W arneckeF RG Att herq euesotf t heIn etrnatinoal
1
ProgamrmeC mmoitteteh epsreo ciegnesda lso
Thew idneat ionals rpeado fb tohau thorasnd cnotains ipxa presw hihc hbaed eanc ctedep
partciinptasi se videnicfe ev,ei ndcweer e fotrh esym posibumu tw hihc,d uet ot he
nedeed,o ft hei moptranceo ft hsi sujbecitn unavoiabdlea bsencoeft heiaru thor,sw eer
allp artso ft hew orlads t he2 otche tnury not inp rfseaetcnetd Th.e y willb e found
apprahocesit esn .d Thei ncrienaugs se of aftetrh er epto rotfh edi sucssino itnh e
robso itnb oht mianchianndg asesmlbyw as sessinosi nw hihc thye weret oh aveb een
shownn oto nyl byt hen umbero f apepsr on prseetned.
thes bujte,cb uta lsob ya filsme sns,i o
duriwnhighc sevaelfr ilmwse rseho wn of Inc nocliunos thEed iotrw issh teot ankh all
itnleleingtr obso itna citno inv arious thowsheo seeff ortsa ssitesdan d sipmliiefd
reserachl baoatroiresTh.e nexstym posium hiwso kr,e psecliyla Dr. Nemewhso so
L.
int hiss eireiss s chueleddf orOc otber ablyc rarieoudtt heEd iotr'dsu itebsef oer
1892i nGa ithresbu,rMa grylanidn t hUe. S.A, thesym posianumd oganrisetdh ep roduicnot
andi tw illb ee xtrleymi etneersitngt os ee oft hes ymposipumre -prtsi.n
whadtev eolpmesnh tavoecc urrdeudr itnhge
inetrveinngt woy ea.r s
T.M .R .E llis.
Ino drer tor efletchtte uren aturoef t he
symopisum,w hilaev oiindga ny unencsesary
delayi nt hep roduicnot oft hep rociegnes,d
ther eptoigrn oft hed iscsusni poeroids
folwliontgh ep rseenattino oft hep apers
wasm adteh er espnosibliiyt oft hEed itor.
Everyp artciipanwtho a skeanyd uqestino aws
reqsuteetdoa lsos umbiti ti nw rtiingan,d
Devices
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Budapest, 1H9u8n0g ary,
WELCOMING ADDRESS
DrT.i borV amos
FirstV ice-Pre.sz'odfIe FnAtC
Ih avteh pel aesu,r ewalesl a st hdeu tayn d Ita sth ok eept arcakn adc cmoodeai tstlef
privgietl,oe w leocmey ohue eri nt rhee toi tnearntoianlp rosg,srs eantdaradnsd
capcatii;eo snb eahloff I FA-Co ur coinitdno.s Soh eeri sw elmceeo vryebody
InetnraitnoaFlde erianoto fA utoimcCa otrnot,l whhoa asg oowdli la,g ooided aa,g ood
onb ehfao lft hHeun gianarA cadoefm y buisnseso rs miplayb enoelvtef nca.e It
Sicnecse,a nads o noef t hpea tiricptansw ho iso peannd w elmcseoo pepnep ol.e
isp eoransllyi tnreseetdi nt htepo iocf t he
cnoefreen.Fc irosfta l l,may saya f ew WeH uanrgnisaa rper ooufdha ivgne xpeodr t
I
wordsb ehofano l fI F.A C manyt laenstt ot hwero lds,ow ed not'f eel
ind ebitnt hietn renaitoniatnlel letcaul
IFAC miusil t-afaec do rgatniinos, a excnhgaeW.h aitss epclih aree,a nidn
comipisrndgfi fetrp eoenlpef ro4m0d ifrfeent cotuirnelsie ko urwshi hca rpera itcaiitpgn
courneitsw ith dvieefrrftyei ntnersest, int hietn rneaitnoamla isnt eram,i st aht
cmoignf rorme srecaahn dde lvoepm,e nt wed not'w anttoc arbcoponyt he big
eudctianoaanld i dnursitlao rgsaanitinos, pinoere.s Wear el oionkagf etro usr pieacl
makreitgn nade nigneerTihneagyr. le o koing rolient hweo rcko -oapitneo rd-elvoeipgn
att eho,rya plpitcoianm etdh,sop raicactl sepcisaelsdisy tmesf otrh sep elcu isa.e r
epxeerniec,p aiructalre ocnmocie valiunoa t It hkit nhtat howsheco o mfer otmh e
orn taoinwieds syetmpsl naninIgno. n e pinoeergic nourneitsca nf idnt heiitnerr set
rsepetchytea rael clo mmoinnu nrdseatnndgi too.T hecyna s tuadyn i mpanotrs tecrot fo
thneee df oirtn earnitnolac o-opineoi rnat thweo r-ltdh eistneerm edieas tmaller
scniceaen tdce hno,li onugy nrdseantdnigt aht cotuirneswi,t thh eoiwrnn e e,dm sarsk,et
ohtepre ophlaev ionhtgec ri crumsatcnse, andc harearsciittcasp parcosh.eT hecyan
cnosatirtnse,ud ctiano nadt ardtiinoh avteo havaeno pptournittopy rl ofireaett heir
bel iknso fa c hna,ia c hawihinhc eelvtaes neawc ehvietmse,an ntdo f erltiizae
thneae rf uutr-et haeg oef au toimnoa tnad suestpcibleen virofnmoetrnh te nierw
largseac les syetm.s uWdnee rasnttdh tat hisp ruotcds.
chaiisrn e ayl itlnrneaitnoalylw ovterhno ugh
countbroyer rd,si edolioegasn anyd ohter Outrpo ci,o ufra viotudrei critenoo f
humanb arrires,Ab aeuiftudle nmsortaitoonf tehcnol,oi gysc omepru-tdaeiddse ignan d
thsiun dresatdninigst htear evlilgno fo ur comeprua-tidmeandua cfutirn.g Iti s
meiegnts.L aswtee kw eh aadc oenrfenocn e baeuituf,l Iti sm ostc ahllgeinntgot he
ComepruP trcosesC ornotiln Du sesldorf midna sa r ev9ilnoaurytn efwr oinetirn
(eFedarlR ebpiluco fG rmeany);t hiwsee ko n engeirnieanrg,tb uitt i so ufra vrotiue
manucftraunigt cehonlohgye reB uidenats p; mostylb eucsawee a rceo nnvecidt ahtt his
nexmto notnhS syetmE nngeiegri inn tnedeyn icsg iognt ot anrsfortmh ceo pmltee
deveilnocgop urneitsi nR ab(aMto cr)oo.cW e porceosfmsa naucftruintgot hsema ee xetnt
holadm iumnum oft ne sucmhe iegntse vrye ase gnisnd eiddu ritnhg1et 9hc neutry. It
non-rceosynesgra a rountdh wero ldan,dw e tarnsfoprrumocsdit no,w okrincgo ntdoiins
arper paerinfgoo ru nrxe tW orClodrn segsi n ansdo iclas rtcuutrse,a ncdr teeanse w
thcemo inyge airnKy oot (aJpan). psosbiliiitefso r ma(nfiki itwn ildlb e
celveern outghos urvi)v.We el ooka t
No,wc moignt oH uanryg, wIuo lldki et o comeprua-tiddesedi gnan dc omeprua-tided
diussctsh sep ceifaiscp seo cftt himsei entg.m aunfaucirtgna sa n epwso sbiiliftoyr
Tihsi sa atrhren arrboawns dy omspi,umm ore nocno-onrmfsitl ief,ti alor�aidnedd iuv­ail
ofa r eogniaclhr acaet,rw hihc isa slo pahsper uocditnoo fg ooudssgi e nvemno re
inlcuddi ent hmeu tl-ifaecdp iholspohoyf effcieinmte htosdt ahnt hunei frmoignm ass
IAF.C Iti sh elidna t ycplaii tneermdtiea tcehonloogyf t hsic etnu.ry Altlh enseeed
couryn,tr feleicgna tlilt fset uarse n-ot mucthla e,ne tfofr,ta nidtn rena?ntail
pineoeriansfg o,ir sn atcnei sJ aapni nt hsi co-opineor,ia fwt ea rsep adru enitlt hta
feil,db unto utdn erdoepdve;ev leryo pen tmie. Gooldu ck!
toi edaasn cdo mmercrileaailtno s,h aving
abo8u0to% f it sr leaetdi dnusyt irnw ork
inf roiengt ardse.
2
Copyr©iIgFhACtCo ntPrroolb laenmDdse vices
BudapHesutn,g ary,
1980
WELCOMING ADDRESS
ProesfsorY asujOisrhoi ma
Chairomfta hnIe F CA TechnCiocmamli otntM eaenfa uctuTreingc hlongyo
Iti sa g raeth onofuormr e t og ivae Tihss ypmosmid ueawlistt hhr eeoitacl
wlecomaed dsrsae tt hi3srI dF AC/IFIP aspsea cntdde cveicso enrcnimnaigc nhe
symspioumo nc ornotplr oblaendmdes cv eiisn cont,rm oaeltirlah anidgnl,a utoimca t
maunfaucirtntge hconlgyo. FoIrF ,At Che mesauretma enidnn scpitneo.T eha ppcltaiino
TcehcnaiClmmo iteteo nM aunafcrtiung ofc omeprutsto t haeu toimnoao tf
Tcehnolaontdgyh Tece hcnaiClmmo itteoen mancutfruainpgrc oeshsaerssse luteidn
Tehorya rsep ornisgnto hsi ymsopsi.um The greparto sg.sr eIno dretro c opweti ht he
IFATCce hcnaiClmmo iteteo nM afncautruing flcuutaitnoo fp orudcitno,d ue tthoe
Tcehnowlaoegyss btilahseidn 1 795a ntdh e demafnodvr a eritieosfp rodsua cnatd
1stI FAsCy mspuiomo ni fnoarmtoinc ornlot deecarsient hlefi ey-ccslo efp rodsu,c t
prboelmisn m aunfaucrtitncegho nlowgyas thfeel xliebm aunfaucrtisnyges mth as
helidnO cobte1r7 97i nT oky.o Th2en d reectnylb eenc hwaewtdi tkhe eintne rse.t
symspioumwi tthh seam es bujtew cahsle d Int hsif lxeilbema nautcfuirgns yesmtt he
inO cobte1r79 9i nS utttgaratn wdas numercilalcyo rnotllmeadcn heio-otlasn d
co-sproebndys I oFIPTh.e r easfootnr h is robsop tlatyh eiimrp aonrrtto sle.Th e
watsah tt hnece eistsfyo crol se idnutsrailr obsoa trneo bw8 iunsget do
co-opineob reattwIeFeAanCn IdF IiPno drer realseteh weo rkferroosmp r eaitnosu nder
tod elvpoet hifsei lwda ssrt nogly bade nviernoatlnmc ontdinios,a nfdr om
rceognsiedT.h uwseh avteh 3er d repieittevw or,ak ntdo s ceurteh esiartf ye.
symspumio he.r e
Int hnee afru turroebs ow tilblew ildye
Thsebu jteo cft ihss ypmoisumi sa l itet l usefdoa ru toimcaat sesmb,lw yhilteh e
dfifetrf ernotmh teow fosrymomeispra , asmsbelyp roscssee arfeor zeantp rseetn
butth iisst hceo inntuianoto f tpahset andr eylu pomna nuoaprlea itnod uteo t he
syomispa.I ,a sch aiarmno ft hIeF AC humans'e xecllte antptrne rceogntiino
TehcncilaC mmoiteteo nM ancutfruaing aibliatnyid t dset exri.t Fyoaru tatoimc
Tcehonlo,gyw uolldi ekt oe xpsrse herayt assbeyl imtnelgleinrto bsow titvhsi uaolr
my
weclomteoa ltleh rpitacainstp,an adl os tacitels ensaorrbese gid nelvpoee.d Tehse
toe xpsrse snicegrreia ttduet oP rosfoser adnvcaetdceh nisqw ulielb ed eawlitta ht
my
Tbiovrm o,sF irVsitcP ers-eiedtno fI FAC af utusrypemo sispumno srodeb yo ur
:
ancdh amiaronf Htuhnerg inaaI FACCmmo itt,e eTcehcnlaiC ommiet.et Inc noculisno,I h ope
toD r. ozJesfHa tanyv,c hrmaaino ft he fotrh ger esacutc eosfts h issyo mspmi.u
InetrnianoatlP roamgmreC omtmti,et eo
Dr. anJoSso om,lc hrmaaino ft hNea iotnal
OrgsaningiC ommiet,eta ntdo a ltlh e
mebmerosft hNea itonOarlng siaignC mmoittee
fotrh eeifrfo srt top rpearfeo trh si
sypmoisum.
3
CONTROLS YSTEMASN DD EVICES
FORM ANUFACTURINTGE CHNOLOGY
Copyrig©hItFACCo ntPrroolb laemsn Dde vices PLENARY PAPER
BudapHesutn,g ary,
1980
NEW TRENDS IN THE CONTROL OF MACHINES
IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
L.N emes
CompuatneAdru t moatiIonsntt uitHeu,n graianA cadeymo fS icences,
Kendeu. J J7-,H1 -15B0u2ad,p eHsutn,g ary
ABSTRACATl:ms ota llin dusatlirezidn atinosh aved rawnu pn atilo pr.laanst o
esabtlihsihhg lyp roducmtaniufvaecu rtinsygst emsi nm ecanhicaeln geirenin.g
Newm achirnqeeusir en we conrtol funcitonosr c opmutitnceghn iquest ot ake
full advantaogfte h en ewf etaureesmb odiiendt hem.
After cnotthrelo reqrueimnethsa vbee ne expoundtehden ewc ontrfounclt oins,
liekm onitroinge,rr or corrceitosn,e tacr ed icsusesd.Th ec notorls ystmes
inclnuedwes turcteusran d usen we computticenhgn isq.u e
Int hec ontlr eonvironmmane-nmctahi,n ec ommunicatoinh asa paramorunolte
inf utufraec rtieos.
Nowadraeyovsult ionarnye w ideiansrt oaderudeci ntmoec hancials ecrtsoo f
ofm anufactubruitin tgi ss itlanl oepnqu estni hoowt eh appliiendf or­
matoinc ontlr soystceanmm eetth eg roiwndge man.d Thes ytsme desgn i
methloodigoeasr ec opmarefdr otmh ep oti n ovfi eowf h owt heyc an beu sed
forl ragec notrlo systdevemel ompent.
KEYWORDS: Manfuacurtinsgy setmsm,a na-cmhicnoemm unictaoin, tcehnolgoical
enviro,nc mnoetnrlto functiso.n
1 INTRODUCTION Conrtol engeirens,h owevhearv,re ea lized
•
thebsaec okglsan dm anyl argseac lper joects
Almsota llin dusatlirzdie natiohnasvd er awn have recenltyb eelnuna chetdo
[5115]
upn atoir.apll antso e sabtlihsighh ly devleonpe wi nformiaotnc notroslyt sems
producmtaniuvfea ctusrytismnesgi nm ecan­h whicwho ulhda vteh ec aapbilitioefs
iacle nigneernig.N ewm ahcinerseq uinreew handlicnogpm lxe manufacurtinsgys tmesi n
cotnrolf unctionso rc ompuitngt cenhiuqest o turlyf lexiblwea y.s
takfeu ll advantaogfte h en ew features
embdoide int hem. PRINCIPLIESN CONECPI'S OFS MALL
2. THE NEW
BATCPHRD OUTICON
To otbaitnh eb esrte sultthsem a terial
procensgsa indt hec onrtolm emberosft he Befoanrael ysign the newi nc tornetnrdosl
new systebmesd evlmeouespdit n c lose philohsyoi pti se snsteailt ot akea colse
corretliaowni ht oannoet hre. vieowf t hmean ufacurtincgno cepttso b e
appliefdu tiunfra etc roies. Ino rdert o
Mosotfu skn owf ropmr acctewi hat covea brr oasdoc peb riefwleys ,ah ll
tremencdooenuqssun ecetshi sp roebmlc arers,i cmoparoen ltyw oo ft hehme ren,ame yl the
sot haitt i si mprtoantt oe xaminheow i t Japasneean d thNeo rwegieanx amlpewsh ich
can bien tperretewdit hitnh er elaitioefs can bec nosdieretdob es tiuaetda tt eh
mechancialen gnieerinagu tomatTiaokni.n g twoe xrtemse otfh es pectrum
a clovsiewe oft hee xsitinpgrj ocets wiht theim plicattahitoo tn[h 1es1rys2 tm1es3'1 4],
[1,1,23]4t hep reesntatioofnfsae rc elar reuqiremesn ctan bes atsifiebyda pplying
seapraotnib ewtene cmhainihnargd ware thein efrnecemsa dfer otmhe se.
tcehnlooigesono neh an,dan d thec notorl
( )
sysmt eont heo thehrand . Botmhod elhsa vteh es ameb asicpr niciepsl:
Highplryou dctveim anufcatruinsgy tsmesa re
Regdalreosfst hed iffeenecrsi n ceotpnsc, tob ee sbtlasiheadt c opmetivetp iriecs,
all thec ietdp ublitciaos nintdruoec withhi hg relibaili.t Sytroenmpgh aswiilsl
revlotuionaryn ewi edasi nt hmee chancial bep lacoentd hejo sb taisftiaoconf t he
setcosr ofm anufactuanrdi qnutgi em odreaet pesronneland thes ysetmsh avteo ad aptv ery
porposfaolrcso ntlr pooliecsi. wellt ot heirres pevcets iocietsi.eN obody
willd entyh seep otsualtesbu,t d ifferent
5
6 L.N emse
systema rchitectwsi ll draw divergentc on­ is to be expected.Ev en projectss tarting
clusionsf rom them. 1.etu s considero ur two from the same pointo f departurew ill,i n
examples. the courseo f developmentd,r ifta partf rom
each otherb ecauseo f different motivations,
[1112]3
The Japanese experts believet hat backgroundasn d the resourcaevsa ilable.
insteado f graduallya daptingn ew resultso f
automatioinn existingt echnological Buildingo n our previouse xperiencien the
environmen(tw hat theyc all "spotty [co6mp],ut,7er c ontrolo f man"L-fe,cturisnygs tems
automatio)n"n ew factoriess houldb e built we have starteda n exploratory
on the basiso f futurep ossibilitiewsi th a projectt o investigatteh is reasoning.O ur
minimum of human assistancei n their main criterioni s not to rely on ar1;yo f the
[]4
operation,Th e Norwegian researchers .suggestehda rdwarea lternatives,b ut to
encourages mallm anufacturingc ellsd otted extracta s much frotmh e principles
all over theirc ountry, to bringt he job to enunciateads we can.
the countrysidew herep eoplel ike to live.
3.
This will resulti n a highlyd istributed NEW CONTROLF UNCTIONS
material-processisntgr ucture.A ccordingt o
the Japanesep lan thdei fferents ections Studyingt he lowestl evelo f control
(machining,a ssembly,i nspectio)nw ill be functions,r egardlesosf whethert hey are
integrateidn to a complexs tructurean,d appliedi n cellso r capsules,m any features
many of theses o-called capsuwlielsl form are commono r similar. Certaint opics,l ike
largerp roductiounni ts. The Norwegians path calculations,e quencec ontrol,s ervo
believet hat one cell will contain( for system,e tc.,h ave receiveda lot of
exampl)eo nly chipr emovingm achinesan d attentions incet he earlya ge of numerical
only one, or at most a few, cellsw ill be control,s o here we need just remarkt hat
locateda t the same place. (Fig. 1.) therei s a continuedn eed for development
accordingt o the state-of-the-arQtu.i te
The Japanese conceiveo f the capsule as a few itemsc ouldb e addedt o the following
beingc omposedo f modularun its in ordert o list of furtherf unctions, whichw ill even
be able to reconfigurteh e mechanical then certainlyn ot be complete.
structured uringt he production process
31..
when required.T his is calledt he Machinem onitoring
metamorphismo f machines,a featurew hich The statesa nd conditionso f the
has yet to be developed. machines( robots,a uxiliarye quipmen)t
shouldb e checkedc ontinuously.I n ordert o
The Norwegiansa ssertt hat standard obtaina clearv iew of the most important
equipment availaobnl et he market( machines, functionalf actors,t ransducerssh ouldb e
robot)s s houldb e used as elementso f the placeda t the vitalp artso f the machinery
cell. and the collectedd ata shouldb e processed,
[5 )]
eithero n the spot ("smarts ensors" or
In the Japanese factory the machiningi s to at a higherl evel,w hich requiress ome kind
be completeliys olatedan d peoplew ill be of centralizationTh.i s informatioins
switchedo ver to produce" intellectlu agoods" vitalf or the diagnosis and faultl ocation
in the new job opportunitieso f the whichw ill be discussedl ater.
"informatiosno ciety."
32..
Checkingf or in-procesasb normalities
In the Norwegian cell therea re human Even if therei s no defectivem achine
preparatoranyd supplementarfyun ctions part in the system,t he processm ay have
besidet he automaticm anufacturingp rocess, irregularitiesw hichs houldb e detectedb y
and human supervisioni n the metalworking sensorsp lacedc loset o the placeo f origin
area is also needed. of the technologicapla rameters. When it is
impossiblteo measured irectly,w hich is
It is not our aim to expoundt hesep lansi n often the case, then quciotmep licated
detail,t he referencesse rve thipsu rpose. transformationsa re necessary to warn the
Nor do we want to make a full comparisoonr supervisoryp rogram( or staff)i n time when
appraisal.T he objecti s just to show what somethingi s goingw rong (or preferablwyh en
[16].
diverser equirementtsh e controls ystem it is aboutt o go wrong)
designer may have to complyw ith.
3,3,
Partsc hecking
It is evidentlya hopelesst ask to design Althought he machineso perateun der
appropriatceo ntrols ystemsf or each numericalc ontrol,t he exactg eometryo f the
different applicatdieosnc ribedb y any finishedp artss houldb e measured,s ince
arbitrarys et of the considerations wrongt echnologicald ata,e xcessivet ool
outlineda bove. A differenta pproachw ould wear,e tc. may resulti n dimensionosu t of
be to establisha n intensivem ethodologyan d tolerance.I n a carefullyd esigned phase,
to startr esearchb asedo n it []5·Th is automaticp art checkingp roceduressh ouldb e
[1]7.
does not mean that from this pointo n both initiateda utomatically (Fig. 2.)
ends of the spectrum will followt he same
path (or a parallelr oute)t o work out 3,4,C orrectioonf errors
identical solutions. Protbhaeb rleyv erse The errorsm entionedi n the previous
New Trendsi n theC ontroolf Machines 7
sectisohnosu bledc orrecbtyfe ede dboafc k Reconfiguration
4,3 .
thesvea luteost hem achiningO nat rheea . Asw em entioenaerdl itehri,is d eias
othehran da llm achihnaevse geometricaa bla siecl emeinntt h eJ apanemsoed elI.t
inaccurwahciiccehos u lbdec ompensfaotre d isn otq uitcel eahro wt hiqsu estciaonbn e
on-liinfte h ed eviathiaovnbese en tacklreedg ardtihnepg a rptr ogr"apmr oduct
(
previomuesalsyu anrde tdh esnt oreIdt.i s progradme"composoirtt hiedo ynna mic
)
anticipattheapdta rtwsi tthi ghtto lerancerse configuorfpa rtoicoencs osn trsoolf tware.
can bep roduicnet dh iwsa yw ithoruetq uir­
inge xtra-premcaicshiionunnii ntgs1 6. 5,N EWC OMPUTTIENCGHN IQUES
[ ]
(iFg.3 .)
Recednetv elopimnec notmsp uttiencgh niques
35,,R emovoaffl a ulty parts arel eaditnoig n novastyisvteae rmc hi­
Botthh ec elanld thec apsumlaen ufac­tecturTehsei. n tensuisveoe fm odular
turisnygs teamlsl ofwo ru nlimimtiexdi ng multi-microaprrcohcietsescowtriu lrle s
ofd ifferbeanttc heDse.f ectpiavretan sd enabulset ob uilsdy stewmisti hn ternal
matersihaolu bledd etecatnedrd e moved errodri agnosdiusr ipnrgo greaxme cution,
(
withohuumta ni ntervenAtdidoint.i onal run-t.i mTheee rrodri agnosriess ulctasn
)
measuranidn rge cognitpiroonc edaurree s beu setdo p revemnatl functibountms o,r e
therefore neFciegs.s ary. sophistiscyastteeadmr sea lsboe ing
( 4.)
prepatroet do leraa cteer taaimno unotf
36..M achivnies ianodn p atterrne cognitionh ardwearrreo rE.a cdhi agnoseerdr oirs
Thea pplicaotfti hoenst eo piicnst he usetdo t rigger lheivgeshlye srt em
fielodfr obotaincdas s semhbalsby e en componteonr tess tructthuesr yes tbeym
wideelmyp hasiinst ehdel itera[t81u9r1e shifttihnefg un ctioonfas f aulbtlyo ctko
Nowm anyo ft hee arleyx perimaernet s properly fuonncetsai,no dtn hiseny gs tem
10].
beincgo nverttohe adr dwanadr seo ftware iss hudto wonn liyn c asoef n oncorrectable
devicoepse ratoinfn agc tofrlyo orM.o st errors.
(Fgi. 7.)
systesmofs a rh avbee ecnu steonmg ineered
fors peciafpipcl icatbiuotgn esn,e ral Usualloyn,eo ft hea lreaedxyi sting
purpovsies isoyns tefmosrc ertacilna sses computeilnegm eonftt sh es ystiesm
oft askhsa vbee eenm erging. dedicattoee rdr odri agnosiAs m.a ster­
(Fgi. 5.)
supervisor-aprrroancgeesmsieosnr t
4,C ONTRSOYLS TEMS generaulsletydo c hectkh ei ndividual
blocokfsa contrsoyls tebmu;tt heraer e
Considear cienloglr a capsualsae t otal alsoot hesro lutiwohnesrm,eu ltiple
unitn,e wp roblheamvste o b es olveWde. procesasroeur sse fdo rt hes amtea sakn d
shalalg,a icne,r tainnoltly i satl lo f three sulatrsec heckbeyvd o tinExgt.e rnal
themt;h ea imi sr athteors hotwh en ature equipmceann atl sboe u sefdo rd iagnosis,
oft hed ifficuwlets ihlealsh avteo f ace. butm ainfloyrm aintenance purposes.
Anothienrt eresting diestv heeul soep ment
41. .Man ufactuprrioncgec sosn trloanlgu age ofs o-callloecdaa lr enae tworwkhsi,c h
Todawye,u sed ifferleanntg uafgoers ares ome�hbeertew eceonm pubtuesrea sn d
eacdhi fferpeunrtp oasses;e mbalnedr s lonrgan gen etworSkusc.sh y stecmasnb e
interpr.eftoNerCrs sy stpermo gramming, usetdo r ealiczoem plmeuxl ti-workstation
Boolefaunnc tiofnosrs equenmtaicahli nes,c ontrsoyls tems.
teachpirnogc edfuorrre osb otest,c, . allo f
thebme inhga rdware-orIifne onwtaeddaa. y s Ont hes oftwsairdeoe f t hec ontrsoyls tems
complseyxs tceanm s omehboepw u ti nto theraer ea lssoo mnee wt echquneis,Th e
operateivoenr,y bsoedeyma ssh appays useo fm icro-progirsna omtmr ieriac,ln leyw ,
thouhgehh adb uilatnEm pire SBtuaitled ingb utu semri croprog-rianmo mniecn ags feo r
-inB abelTh.e n eefdo ra widealcyc eptedr eal-tpiumrep o-sheassb eeenn hancbeyd
procecsosn trloaln guagei so bvious, newt oolwsi tthh ea ppearoanfcm ei c­ro
[5]
especiwahlelinyn spectaisosne,m belticn.g programbmiatb-lselm iiccer oprocessor
arec ombiwnietdmh a terfioarlm ing. elemenItnsh .i ghleerv eslo ftwatrhee,
relatiroentarli eovfia nlf ormation from
42,,P armta nufactduerfiinngi tion datbaa seisst hem ajodre velopwmheincth
Thiiss o neo ft hem ospto pulraers earcihs h avitnhgeb iggeisntf lueonncc oen trol
topics. Mathanedm taetcihcnioalnosg istssy stems.
aref ightbiintgt beart tlteods e velboept ter
andm orceo mplpeaxrp tr ogrammsiynsgt ems, 6.F ACTOROYP ERATCIOONNT ROL
buti ndussttriylu ls e1s5 -year-moeltdh ods.
Nonoef t hec urrecnotn tentdreytr oss olve Her,e tooq,u itae f ewu niversally valid
thep robloefbm r eakdionwgan c omplpeaxr t aspecctosu lbdef ounfdo rb otkhi ndosf
progriamn tsoe gmenstusi tafbolrte h e factoarlyt,h ocuegrht adiinf ferewniclels
elemeonftt sh ec elolr c apsulIent. h e nod oubbtee xperienAc feedwa. m ontgh e
lattcears teh eriesa neefdo ra manifold moriem porttanotp iacrse :
"prodpurcotg rwahmi"ci hn cluadlelts h e Taskan d formlaatn gguefa ort op-level
operatiinocnlsu idnem da chinbiuntng o, management;
comprehepnrsoipvohesa asbl e eannn ouncesdo Producatnidro ens ousrcchee duling;
far. Meansa ndm ethofdosrt rainpienrgs onnel,
(Fgi. 6.)
CPOM-TB