Table Of ContentContributions to
Circumpolar Anthropology 4
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
2003
Arctic
C^enter
(Constructing (Cultures
^hen
and
!\]ow
(Celebrating f^ranz £)oa5 and the Jesup
North faclhc Expedition
Smithsonian
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Institution
X^^ir^ Libraries
Gift of
IGOR KRUPNIK
ARCTIC STUDIES CENTER
Constructing Cultures Then and Now
Celebrating Franz Boas and the
Jesup North Pacific Expedition
VancouverInternationalAirport in Vancouver, B.C., greets passengers with two "Welcome Figures"created by
SalishartistSusanPoint (1996). PhotographcourtesyBillMcLennan.
(Constructing (^.ultures
and
~]~hen i\jow
Celebrating Tranz 5oas and the
Jesup j\Jorth pacific Expedition
LAUREL KENDALL AND IGOR KRUPNIK, EDITORS
^.-Tw^^ Publishedbythe
/^^^^k
Arctic Studies Center
B^^'^B National Museum of Natural History
I
\jm^j^W Smithsonian Institution
—
Washington, D.C.
©2003 by the Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C.
All rights reserved
6f\l
Printed in the United States ofAmerica
5
ISBN 0-9673429-4-5 (,3
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
'^0 3 y
Constructing culturesthen and now celebrating Franz Boas andthe
:
Jesup North PacificExpedition/Laurel Kendalland IgorKrupnik,
editors.
—
p. cm. (Contributions tocircumpolaranthropology ; 4)
Revisions ofpapers originally presented atthe conference
"Constructing CulturesThen and Now: Celebrating Franz Boas andthe
Jesup North PacificExpedition" held attheAmerican Museum ofNatural
History, NewYork City, in 1997.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-9673429-4-5 (pbk. alk. paper)
:
1. JesupNorth PacificExpedition (1897-1902). 2. Ethnological
expeditions—Russia(Federation)—Siberia—History. 3. Ethnological
expeditions—Northwest Coast ofNorthAmerica—History. 4. Boas, Franz,
I858-1942.5. Ethnology—Russia(Federation)—Siberia.6. Indians of
North America—Northwest Coast ofNorth America—Social life and
customs. 7. Siberia(Russia)—Social lifeand customs. 8. Northwest
CoastofNorthAmerica—Social lifeand customs. I. Kendall, Laurel.
II Krupnik, Igor. III.ArcticStudies Center(National Museum of
Natural History). IV. Series.
GN635.S5C65 2003
305.8'00957—dc22
200301 5439
°°ThG paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements ofthe American National Standard
for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Technical editor: Kathryn A. Malm
Cover and series design: Anya Vinokour
Production editors: Iris Hahn and Elisabeth Ward
Printed by United Book Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD
This publication is Volume 4 in the Arctic Studies Center series, Contributions to Circumpolar Anthropology, produced by
the Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
THIS SERIES IS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART BY THE JAMES W. VANSTONE (1925-2001) ENDOWMENT
Front cover; Franz Boas posing for exhibit group displaying Canadian Eskimo clothing and harpoon (AMNH 3220)
Back cover.' An elderly Chukchi lady and her granddaughter in front ofthe traditional Chukchi skin tent erected for the
local festival in the town ofTavaivaam, Chukotka, Russia. Photographer, Igor Krupnik, 1996
/
\
NOV 2 4
( j
CO
1
Contributors vii
List ofTables x
List of Figures xi
Abbreviations xiv
Note on Cyrillic Transliteration xv
FOREWORD
XVll
INTRODUCTION: A CENTENARY AND A CELEBRATION
Laurel Kendall and Igor Krupnik
1
One
part 00 Years ofJesup: The Intellectual Legacy ofthejesup Expedition
1
"THEAIM OFTHE EXPEDITION HAS IN THE MAIN BEEN ACCOMPLISHED":
. . ,
WORDS, DEEDS, AND LEGACIES OF THEJESUP NORTH PACIFIC EXPEDITION
Igor Krupnik and Nikolai Vakhtin 1 5
THE SO-CALLED "ESKIMO WEDGE": A CENTURY AFTERJESUP
Don E. Dumond 33
FAILING AT BERING STRAIT?JESUP NORTH PACIFIC EXPEDITION AND
THE STUDY OF CULTURE CONTACT
Peter P. Schweitzer 49
DIFFUSION AND COLONIAL ANTHROPOLOGY: THEORIES OF CHANGE IN
THE CONTEXT OF JESUP
1
Molly Lee and Nelson H. H. Graburn 79
THEJESUP EXPEDITION AND ITS ANALOGUES: A COMPARISON
Stanley A. Freed, Ruth S. Freed, and Laila Williamson 89
part ~]~wo Anthropologies and Histories: Jesup Participants Then and Now
FRANZ BOAS AND THE MUSIC OF THE NORTHWEST COAST INDIANS
Ira Jacknis 1 5
BEYOND BOAS? RE-ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF "INFORMANT"
AND "RESEARCH ASSISTANT": JAMES A. TEIT
Wendy Wickwire 123
FRANZ BOAS AND AN "UNFINISHEDJESUP" ON SAKHALIN ISLAND:
SHEDDING NEW LIGHT ON BERTHOLD L^UFER AND BRONISLAW PILSUDSKI
Koichi Inoue 35
1
LOUIS SHOTRIDCE AND INDIGENOUS TLINCIT ETHNOGRAPHY:
THEN AND NOW
Nora Marks Dauenhauer and Richard Dauenhauer 165
BILINGUAL/BICULTURAL INFORMANTS AND INTERPRETERS OF THE JESUP
EXPEDITION ERA
Sergei Kan 185
ree People, Animals, and Land: A Jesup Theme Revisited
THEJESUP EXPEDITION AND THE MODERNIZATION OF NORTH PACIFIC NATURAL
HISTORY
Robert S. Hoffmann 201
THE LANGUAGES OF THE NORTH PACIFIC RIM, 1897-1997, AND THE
JESUP EXPEDITION
Michael E. Krauss 211
GENETIC PREHISTORY OF PALEOASIATIC SPEAKING POPULATIONS OF
NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO NATIVE AMERICANS
Theodore G. Schurr and Douglas C. Wallace 239
THE POST-JESUP CENTURY OF RESEARCH INTO THE PREHISTORY OF
NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA
Sergei A. Arutiunov 259
LIFE IN LOST VILLAGES: HOME, LAND, MEMORY AND THE SENSES OF LOSS
IN POST-JESUP KAMCHATKA
David Koester 269
fartTour Curators, Collectors, and Consumers
HERITAGE ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE "JESUP-2" ERA: EXPLORING NORTH
PACIFIC CULTURES THROUGH COOPERATIVE RESEARCH
William W. Fitzhugh 287
ALEUT ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE LEGACY OF THE
JESUP NORTH PACIFIC EXPEDITION
Stephen Loring and Douglas W. Veltre 307
IN MEMORY OF VLADIMIR IVANOV-UNAROV, 1937-2000
Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer 334
THE REVITALIZATION OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF NORTHEAST
SIBERIAN PEOPLES: THE ROLE OF THE JESUP EXPEDITION
Vladimir Kh. Ivanov-Unarov and Zinaida I. Ivanova-Unarova 336
THE INVENTION AND PERPETUATION OF CULTURE: THE BOASIAN LEGACY
AND TWO 20"' CENTURY WOMAN TOTEM POLE CARVERS
AldonaJonaitis 349
CONSUMERS, THEN AND NOW
Gloria CranmerWebster 361
vi
contributors
Sergei A. ArMt/wMovworks at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in Moscow as Chair ofthe Depart-
mentofthe Peoples ofthe Northern Caucasus. He is aleading Russian expert in ethnologyofthe Russian North and
Far East, as well as a specialist onJapan and South Asia, the archaeology ofthe Bering Sea region, and Eskimo art.
During the 1980s, he was the Russian team leaderforthe CrossroadsofContinentsexhibit project.
Nora l\/larks Dauenhauer was born in Juneau, Alaska. She is internationally recognized for her fieldwork,
translation and explication ofTlingit oral literature. From 1983 to 1997, she was Principal Researcher in Language
and Cultural Studies at Sealaska Heritage Foundation inJuneau. She is married to Richard Dauenhauer, with whom
she has co-authored several volumes ofTlingit language and folklore material.
Richard Dauenhauer, born and raised in Syracuse, NY, has lived in Juneau, Alaska since 1969. Much of his
professional work has focused on applied folklore and linguistics in the study, materials development, and teacher
training in Alaska Native languages and oral literature. From 1983 to 1997, he was Director of Language and
Cultural Studies at Sealaska Heritage Foundation,Juneau.
Don E. Dumondis Professor Emeritus ofAnthropologyand Director Emeritus ofthe Museum of Natural History
at the University of Oregon, Eugene. For more than forty years he has focused on archaeological fieldwork in
southwestern Alaska. He has written widely on the prehistory ofAlaska.
William W. Fitzhugh is Director ofthe Arctic Studies Center and Curator at the Department ofAnthropology,
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. His interests include circumpolar
prehistory and archaeology, maritime adaptations, and culture contacts. He has organized several special exhibit
projects suchas Inua; CrossroadsofContinents;Ainu;and Vil<ings.
Ruth S. Freed\s a Research Associate in the Division ofAnthropology at the AMNH in New York. With Stanley
A. Freed, she has co-authored papers on the Washoe, Mohave, and Navajo as well as on thejesup Expedition (also
with LailaWilliamson). She has taught at NewYork University and Seton Hall University.
StanleyA. Freed'\s Curator Emeritus inthe Division ofAnthropologyattheAMNH in NewYork. A staffmember
at the AMNH since 1960, he was in charge of North American ethnology. He has helped to create or renovate a
number ofpermanent and temporary exhibitions dealing with the Northwest Coast, the Arctic, the Plains, and the
Eastern Woodlands.
Nelson H.H. Graburnis ProfessorofAnthropologyatthe UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeleyand CuratorofNorth
America at the Phoebe Hearst Museum. He has published extensively on art and culture in the North, on the
anthropology oftourism, and the anthropology of Canada and ofJapan.
Robert S. Hoffmann is Curator Emeritus at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in
Washington, DC, and specializes in adaptation and evolutionary biology of northern land mammals. Formerly the
vii
Director of NMNH and Provost ofthe Smithsonian, he has worked closelywith North American, Russian, Mongolian,
and Chinese colleagues in the circumpolar and North Pacific regions.
Koichi Inoue is Professor of Ethnology at the Slavic Research Center of Hokkaido University in Sapporo,Japan.
He specializes inthe ethnologyofindigenous peoples ofSiberiaand ofNorthern Eurasia, ingeneral. He did extensive
fieldwork in the Russian Far East and Siberia. His current research interests include indigenous reindeer economies;
theory ofethnos; and the life and work of Bronislaw Pilsudski.
Vladimir Kh. Ivanov-Unarov (1937-2000) was one of the leading Sakha/Yakut scholars of the cultures of
northern minoritypeoples ofthe Sakha Republic/Yakutia. Hewas a DepartmentChairinthe Instituteofthe Problems
ofthe Minority Peoples ofthe North in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. Between 1992-97 he worked onjochelson's
Yakut, Yukagir, and Even collections at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and he initiated a
recent Russian translation ofJochelson's monograph on the Yukagir (1926).
Zinaida I. Ivanova-Unamva is a professor at Yakutsk University in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia. Originally
from a northern Sakha village, she has written extensively on women master artists and on shamanic influences in
Siberian Native art. She authored several books on Sakha art and worked with her late husband, Vladimir Ivanov-
Unarov, on theJesup Expedition collections in New York.
IraJacknis is Research Anthropologist at the Phoebe Hearst Museum ofAnthropology, University ofCalifornia
at Berkeley. His research interests include the art and culture ofthe Native peoples ofWestern North America, the
historyofanthropology, museums, and photography. He isthe authorof TheStorageBoxofTradition:KwakiutIArt,
Anthropologists, andMuseums, 1881-1981 (2002).
Aldona Jonaitis, is Director of the University of Alaska Museum. Prior to her current position, she was Vice
Presidentfor Public Programs attheAmerican Museum ofNatural History. She hastaughtatthe UniversityofAlaska
Fairbanks, SUNY at Stony Brook, and Columbia University. She has authored numerous books, papers, and publica-
tions and exhibit catalogs on Northwest Coast Native art.
Sergei Kan is Professor of Anthropology and Native American Studies at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH.
Most of his publications deal with Tlingit culture and the history of Russian Orthodox Christianity in southeastern
Alaska. Recently he has been writing a book about Russian anthropologist Lev Shternberg discussing Shternberg's
relationships with Franz Boas and other members oftheJesup Expedition.
Laurel Kendall\s Curator ofAsian Ethnographic Collections at the American Museum of Natural History. She is
best known for her writing on shamans, ritual life, and gender issues in Korea. Kendall was Project Directorforthe
AMNHJesup Centenary celebration and co-editor ofa catalog ofthe photographs oftheJesup Expedition, Drawing
Shadows toStone(1997), with Barbara Mathe and Thomas Ross Miller
David Koester'\s a cultural anthropologist at the University ofAlaska Fairbanks and a specialist in the peoples
of the circumpolar North. His publications, based on long-term fieldwork in Iceland and Kamchatka, Russia, have
focused on the ideological, social and material mechanisms associated with socio-cultural change and continuity.
Michael E. Krauss is the former director ofthe Alaska Native Language Center, University ofAlaska Fairbanks.
He is a leading specialist in the preservation and survival ofthe Native languages ofAlaska, Siberia, and the circum-
polararea. His latest contributions include a detailed map of Native language areas forthe Inuit-Yupik-Aleut Region
and a report on the status ofindigenous languages ofthe North for UNESCO.
Igor Krupnik, Arctic Ethnologist at the Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, is
currently coordinator of various international projects studying the impacts of global climate change and the
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