Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes

446 Pages·1997·13.378 MB·English

by  John E. Ebinger (auth.), Mark W. Schwartz (eds.)

CONSERVATION IN
HIGHLY FRAGMENTED
LANDSCAPES
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CONSERVATION IN
HIGHLY FRAGMENTED
LANDSCAPES
EDITED BY
MARK W
SCHWARTZ
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
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CHAPMAN &. HALL
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Photo credit: Michael Jeffords (Illinois Natural History Survey)
Copyright © 1997 by Chapman &: Hall
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Conservation in highly fragmented landscapes I Mark W. Schwartz,
editor.
p. em.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-0658-1 ISBN 978-1-4757-0656-7 ((eeBBooookk))
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0656-7
(pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Nature conservation-Middle West. 2. Fragmented landscapes
-Middle West. 3. Natural areas--Middle West. I. Schwartz, Mark W.
QH76.5.M53C66 1997
333.95'16'0977-dc20 96-36445
CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data available
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Dedication
Conservation in the Midwest has been guided by many luminaries: Aldo
Leopold, John Muir, Steven Forbes, Henry Chandler Cowles, Vic Shelford,
Charles Kendeigh, and John Curtis, to name but a few. This book is dedicated
to the legions of professionals and volunteers, past and present, who are working
to save natural habitats in the Midwest. More proximally, I dedicate this to
Sharon, Eli, and Ari for their support.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors ix
Introduction Mark W. Schwartz xiii
PART I. The Context: The Highly Fragmented Midwest
Chapter 1. Forest Communities of the Midwestern United States 3
John E. Ebinger
Chapter 2. Savanna and Open-Woodland Communities 24
John B. Taft
Chapter 3. The Tallgrass Prairie Mosaic 55
Kenneth R. Robertson, Roger C. Anderson, and
Mark W. Schwartz
Chapter 4. Wetlands in the Midwest with Special Reference to Illinois 88
Steve P. Havera, Liane B. Suloway and Joyce E. Hoffinan
PART II. Problems and Case Studies 105
Chapter 5. Conservation in the Context of Non-Indigenous Species 107
James O. Luken
Chapter 6. Native Pests: The Impact of Deer in Highly
Fragmented Habitats 117
Roger C. Anderson
Chapter 7. Mammals of Illinois and the Midwest: Ecological and
Conservation Issues for Human-Dominated Landscapes 135
Phillip C. Mankin and Richard E. Warner
Chapter 8. Effectiveness of Small Nature Preserves for Breeding Birds 154
Scott K. Robinson, Jeffrey D. Brawn, and Jeffrey P. Hoover
Chapter 9. Impacts of Fragmentation on Midwestern
Aquatic Organisms 189
Lawrence M. Page, Mark Pyron, and Kevin S. Cummings
vii
viii / Table of Contents
Chapter 10. Midwestern Fire Management: Prescribing a National
Process in an Unnatural Landscape 213
Mark W. Schwartz and Sharon M. Hermann
Chapter 11. Community Succession, Diversity, and Disturbance in the
Central Hardwood Forest 234
James F. Fralish
Chapter 12. The Biogeography of and Habitat Loss on Hill Prairies 267
Mark W. Schwartz, Kenneth R. Robertson, Brian K.
Dunphy, Jeffrey W. Olson, and Ann Marie Trame
Chapter 13. Fragmentation and the Role of Seed Banks in Promoting
Persistence in Isolated Populations of Collinsia verna 286
Susan Kalisz, Lisa Horth, and Mark A. McPeek
Chapter 14. Effects of Livestock Grazing on Forest Habitats 313
Ann Dennis
PART III. Conservation Strategies in Action 343
Chapter 15. Terrestrial Nature Reserve Design at the UrbanlRural
Interface 345
Craig L. Shafer
Chapter 16. The Value of Small Preserves in Chronically Fragmented
Landscapes 379
Mark W. Schwartz and Phillip l. van Mantgem
Chapter 17. Nature Preserves, Natural Areas, and the Conservation of
Endangered and Threatened Species in Illinois 395
lames R. Herkert
Chapter 18. An Aid to Conservation Strategy in Illinois: The Critical
Trends Assessment Project 407
Tom Heavisides and Bob Lieberman
Chapter 19. The History of Natural Areas Programs in Wisconsin 418
Forest Stearns and Paul Matthiae
Index 431
List of Contributors
Roger C. Anderson Stephen P. Havera
Department of Biology Illinois Natural History Survey
Illinois State University River Research Laboratory
Normal, IL USA 61790 Havana, IL USA 62644
Jeffrey D. Brawn Tom Heavisides
Center for Wildlife Ecology Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Illinois Natural History Survey 524 S. 2nd Street
607 East Peabody Drive Springfield, IL USA 62701
Champaign, IL USA 61820
James R. Herkert
Illinois Endangered Species Board
Kevin S. Cummings
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Illinois Natural History Survey
524 S. Second Street
607 E. Peabody Drive
Springfield, IL USA 62701
Champaign, IL USA 61820
Sharon M. Hermann
Ann Dennis
Tall Timbers Research Station
Pacific Southwest Research Station
Route 1, Box 678
P.O. Box 245
Tallahassee, FL USA 32312
Berkeley, CA USA 94701
Joyce Hoffman
Brian K. Dunphy
Illinois Natural History Survey
Illinois Natural History Survey
607 E. Peabody Drive
607 E. Peabody Drive
Champaign, IL 61820
Champaign, IL USA 61820
Jeffrey P. Hoover
John E. Ebinger Center for Wildlife Ecology
Botany Department Illinois Natural History Survey
Eastern Illinois University 607 East Peabody Drive
Charleston, IL USA 61920 Champaign, IL USA 61820
James S. Fralish Lisa Horth
Department of Forestry Department of Biological Sciences
Southern Illinois University Florida State University
Carbondale, IL 62901 Tallahassee, FL 32306-2043
ix
x / List of Contributors
Susan Kalisz Kenneth R. Robertson
Department of Biological Sciences Center for Biodiversity
University of Pittsburgh Illinois Natural History Survey
Pittsburgh, PA USA 15260 607 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, IL USA 61820
Bob Lieberman
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
Scott K. Robinson
524 S. 2nd Street
Center for Wildlife Ecology
Springfield, IL USA 62701
Illinois Natural History Survey
607 East Peabody Drive
James O. Luken
Champaign, IL USA 61820
Department of Biological Sciences
Northern Kentucky University
Highland Heights, KY USA 41099-0400
Mark W. Schwartz
Center for Population Biology
Mark A. McPeek
University of California
Department of Biological Sciences
Davis, CA USA 95616
Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH USA 03755
Craig L. Shafer
Philip C. Mankin George Wright Society
Department of Natural Resources and P.O. Box 65
Environmental Sciences Hancock, MI USA 49930
University of Illinois
1102 S. Goodwin
Urbana, IL USA 61801 Forest Steams
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Paul Matthiae Forestry Science Laboratory
Bureau of Endangered Resources 5985 Highway K
Wisconsin Department of Natural Rhinelander, WI 54501
Resources
Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707
Liane B. Suloway
Illinois Natural History Survey
Jeffrey W. Olson
607 East Peabody Drive
Illinois Natural History Survey
Champaign, IL USA 61820
607 E. Peabody Drive
Champaign, IL USA 61820
John B. Taft
Lawrence M. Page Illinois Natural History Survey
Illinois Natural History Survey 607 East Peabody Drive
607 E. Peabody Drive Champaign, IL USA 61820
Champaign, IL USA 61820
Mark Pyron Ann Marie Trame
Illinois Natural History Survey Illinois Natural History Survey
607 E. Peabody Drive 607 E. Peabody Drive
Champaign, IL USA 61820 Champaign, IL USA 61820
List of Contributors / xi
Phillip J. van Mantgem Richard E. Warner
Graduate Group in Ecology Department of Natural Resources and
University of California Environmental Sciences
Davis, CA USA 61820 University of Illinois
1102 S. Goodwin
Urbana, IL USA 61801