Table Of Content0/
T he International Library P sychology
CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION
0/
The International Library Psychology
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
In 12 Volumes
I Studies in Analytical Psychology Adler
II Complex/Archetype/Symbol in the
Psychology ofC G Jung Jacobi
III Psychology ofC G Jung Jacobi
IV Experiment in Depth Martin
V Amor and Psyche Neu11lann
VI Art and the Creative Unconscious Neu11lann
VII The Origins and History of Consciousness NeU11lann
VIII Jung's Psychology and its Social Meaning Progoff
IX Religion and the Cure ofSouls in Jung's
Psychology Schaer
X Conscious Orientation van der Hoop
XI Lucifer and Prometheus Werblowsky
XII The Secree of ehe Golden Flower Wilhel11l
CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION
A Study of Personality Types in
Relation to N eurosis and
Psychosis
J H VAN DER HOOP
First published in 1937 by
Routledge
Reprinted in 1999 , 200 I by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milcon Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Transferred co Digital Printing 2007
© 1937] H van der Hoop
Translated by Laura Hurton
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
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The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders
of the works reprinted in the International Library 0/ PJychology.
This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would
welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies'
we have been unable to trace.
These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases
the condition of these originals is not perfeet. The publisher has gone co
great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point
out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be
apparent in reprints thereof.
BritiJh Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Conscious Orientation
ISBN 0415-20947-1
Analytical Psychology: 12 Volumes
ISBN 0415-21124-7
The International Library of Psychology: 204 Volumes
ISBN 0415-19132-7
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE. Vll
PART I
PSYCHOLOGY AND THE TYPES OF CONSCIOUS
ORIENTATION
CHAP.
I. JUNG'S PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES 3
2I
II. INSTINCT AND THE INSTINCTIVE TYPES
III. INTUITION AND THE INTUITIVE TYPES 35
IV. THINKING AND THE THINKING-TYPES . 52
V. FEELING AND THE FEELING-TYPES 69
VI. COMPLICATIONS 92
I06
VII. THE INTER-RELATION OF THE TYPES
PART 11
PSYCHIATRY AND THE TYPES OF CONSCIOUS
ORIENTATION
II5
I. TYPE AND COMPLEX IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.
I40
II. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND NEUROSIS
In. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND PSYCHOPATHY I73
206
IV. CONSCIOUS ORIENTATION AND PSYCHOSIS
v
vi CONTENTS
PART 111
A PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY
CHAP. PAGE
I. THE OBJECTIVE BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGY 253
11. THE UNITY AND TRANSCENDENCE OF CON-
SCIOUSNESS . 279
II!. THE PERSONAL EQUATION • 3I6
INDEX 330
PREFACE
THIS book is the product of many years in the practice of psycho
therapy. This work constantly reveals to us people in all their
complexity. In doing it, one becomes very conscious of the
inadequacy of psychological differentiations, to give one a true
understanding of this complexity. Psychology has doubtless made
enormous advances during recent years, since, primarily under the
leadership of Freud, it has forsaken the elassroom and the
laboratory and has applied itself to the problems of daily life.
But medical and pedagogical influences have also led to some
confusion, through the propagation from different directions of
different principles and schemata on wh ich to base a psychology.
This book is partly the product of this conflict, since my personal
destiny has brought me successively into elose contact with various
schools of thought. My attempt to combine in a unified conception
certain points of view, as developed by Jung, with the views of
Freud and the requirements of phenomenological elarity, finds its
origin in my own personal experiences.
In the autumn of 1913 I went to Dr C. G. Jung in Zürich, in
order to learn about psycho-analysis, and was analysed by hirn
during aperiod of six months. I was at that time not aware that
a decisive split between Jung's psychological conceptions and
those of Freud had recently developed. After my return to Holland
I made contact with a group of Freud's followers therc, and cntered
into increasingly lively discussions with them. For a considerable
time I remained in touch with Dr Jung; thc conflicts betwccn
hirn and Freud were a matter of lively interest to me and formed
thc main theme of my first book, which appeared in 1921 and was
later translated into English.1 From thc outset, the problem of
Jung's types appeared to mc to be an important amplification
1 Van der Roop, Nieuwe Richtingen in de Zielkunde, 1921; 2. Ausgabe,
1927; Character and the Unconscious, 1923. The concrete descriptions of types
in this booll: are tall:en from the second Dutch edition.
vll
viii PREFACE
of Freud's too exc1usively dynamic conceptions. The basis of these
psychological differentiations was, however, somewhat indefinitely
formulated by Jung, and his book, Psychological Types, dealt
primarily with the opposition between the introverted and the
extraverted type. This latter differentiation was also the one
chiefly adopted by others, while the c1assification of the functions
of conscious orientation found little acceptance.
The conflict between the ideas of Freud and those of Jung
has little to do with these differentiations in the conscious per
sonality. Freud began only later to study the structure of the
ego, and his investigations here run in an entirely different direc
tion and have no bearing on the problems of conscious orientation.
Psycho-analysis investigates primarily the contents of consciousness,
and finds behind them influences from the past, which have hitherto
received little recognition. In his representation of the origins
of the contents of consciousness, Jung has, since the publication
of his Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido, gone further and further
away from Freud. With the latter, the emphasis in the explanation
of mental forms rests on childhood experiences, while Jung has
displaced it more and more on to the early history of mankind.
Jung makes chief use of archaic forms and "collective" psychology
to explain the individual and the patient. Although ladmit the
value of this mode of explanation (as Freud also does), it seems
to me that Jung over-estimates their significance, and that he
has not fully understood the value of infantile forms. For the
observation of the individual, and for the treatment of mental
disorders, Freud's standpoint seems to me to be more cautious
and more thorough. Although I regret that Freud, by his use
of an exaggeratedly sexual terminology, has made it difficult for
us to understand the infantile forms, I nevertheless accept
.. infantile sexuality" as the most important foundation for the
psychology of the emotionallife. In the treatment of the neuroses
I employ mainly the Freudian method, of which I made some
years ago a thorough study in Vienna by means of an analysis.
I must also confess that the later developments of the Jungian
mode of treatment are little known to me, and that the little
which has been published concerning it has not enlightened me
to any great extent. The method of orientating the individual
PREFACE ix
by collective symbols colours the pieture to an ever-increasing
degree in the work of Jung and his followers. It is, for example,
significant that in the publication issued in honour of Jung's
sixtieth birthday there is no mention of typology.
The neglect of typology in the later development of Jungian
psychology may have some connection with the fact that his
concepts have not been very dearly worked out. My need for
precision so on drove me to seek for more definite formulations,
and my encounter with phenomenology through Husserl and
Heidegger has been of very great assistance to me. Through it
I have become aware that my attempt to get a more exact under
standing must be regarded as a phenomenologieal investigation.
During the course of the years that I worked at these problems,
it became more and more dear to me how very dosely they are
bound up with every kind of problem in psychology, psychiatry
and philosophy. I am wen aware that areal study of these
problems would require much greater knowledge than I possess,
and much more time than I, as a practising physician, have at my
disposal. My contribution cannot be more than an outline of
ideas, requiring examination and doser precision in very many
directions. I feel, however, that I am justified in publishing my
thoughts in this form, because these fundamental questions are
important, even when they are for the first time dearly set, and it
is not yet possible to answer them fuHy.
The psychologie al part of this book was first prepared in the
form of six lectures which I gave in November I929, at the Psycho
pathie Hospital in Boston. Later it seemed desirable to work
out the dinical and philosophieal aspects of the subject. The
question of the relationship between typologieal explanation and
psycho-analytical explanation has been dealt with in outline in
the psychiatrie seetion of this book. In this field also I had to
give up the idea of any completeness in my representation, and
it was my business first of all to demonstrate the possibilities of
the typologieal point of view.
In this book I have worked out my thoughts in the order in
which they have come to me in relation to my practieal experience
during the course of the years. I think it worth while to emphasize
that there is no question here of a system elaborated round the
