Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subj to Heavy Loads [US Army TM 5-809-12]

56 Pages·1987·0.908 MB·English

ARMYT M5 -809-12
51 .pahC ,3-88 MFA ECROF RIA
DN AYMR AEH TF OSTNEMTRAPED
LAUNA MLACINHCE TECRO FRI AEHT
SBALS ROOLF ETERCNOC
DETCEJBUS EDARG NO
SDAOL YVAEH OT
DEPART MENTS OF THE ARMY, AND THE AIR FORC E
AUGUS1T9 87
*TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
T LACINHCE M LAUNA SRETRAUQDAEH
N O .5-809-1 2 STN EFMO TERHYATMPREAD
A IR F ORCE M LAUNA EC R REODIHFNATA
N O . 88-3, C RETPAH 15 W NOTGNIHSA , D.C., 25 August 1987
SDAOL YVAEH OT DETCEJBUS EDARG NO SBALS ROOLF ETERCNOC
C RETPAH 1. INTRODUCTION
esopruP ........................................................................ 1-1 -1
epocS .......................................................................... 1.2 -1
snoitinifeD ..................................................................... 1.3
snoitaredisnoc cisaB .............................................................. 4-1
secnerefeR ..................................................................... 5-1
C RETPAH 2. NGISED EDARG NO BALS ROOLF FO SISAB
sessertS ........................................................................ 1-2
sdaol desopmi-elciheV ............................................................ 2-2
sdaol evil yranoitatS .............................................................. 3-2
sdaol llaW ...................................................................... 4-2
C RETPAH 3. BALS ROOLF FO NOITANIMRETED
REQ UI REM EN TS
sdaol raluciheV .................................................................. 1-3 -3
noitubirtsid ciffarT ............................................................... 2-3 -3
sdaol evil yranoitatS .............................................................. 3-3
sdaol llaW ...................................................................... 4-3
sdaol lausunU ................................................................... 5-3
C RETPAH 4. NOITAGITSEVNI ETIS
lareneG ........................................................................ 1-4 -4
snoitidnoc edargbuS .............................................................. 2-4
snoitidnoc latnemrorivnE .......................................................... 3-4
htgnerts etercnoC ................................................................ 4-4 -4
C RETPAH 5. DESIPGRNO CEDURE
lareneG ........................................................................ 1-5 -5
sdaol bals roolF .................................................................. 2-5
edargbuS ....................................................................... 3-5
sesruoc esaB .................................................................... 54
ngiseD decrofnieR ............................................................... 6-5
tnemecrofnier leetS ............................................................... 5-5
egasu dna sepyt tnioJ ............................................................. 7-5
yrtemoeg bals roolF .............................................................. 8-5
ngised decrofnier rebiF ............................................................ 9-5
T*h imsa nuaslu persedeTs5M - 809-12/AF8M8 -3C,h apte1r5 d,a teA1dp ri1l9 77.
i
TM 5-809-12/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
egaP
A PPENDIX .A REFERENCES ................................................................. 1-A
A PPENDIX B. ELBAWOLLA EHT GNITUPMOC ROF SNOITAUQE
RAEN RO BALS FO RETNEC RAEN SDAOL LLAW
DOWJKOEOERLIY ENEDTD S ............................................... 1-B
A PPEN DIX C. SELPMAXE NGISED ............................................................ 1-C
B YHPARGOILBI ......................................................................... 1-OILBIB
SERUGIF FO TSIL
erugiF 1-3 bals dna sbals denekciht fo shtdiW
sdaol llaw rednu snoitidnoc egde ................................................. -3
1-5 roolf etercnoc rof sevruc ngiseD
xedni ngised yb sbals .......................................................... -5
2-5 roolf etercnoc rof sevruc ngiseD
stfilkrof yvaeh rof sbals ........................................................ -5
3-5 sbals depahs-ddo rof tnemecrofnieR ................................................. -5
4-5 decrofnier rof ssenkciht ngiseD ..................................................... -5
sbals roolf
5-5 tuoyal tnioj bals roolf lacipyT ....................................................... -5
6-5 dna decrofnier rof stnioj noitcartnoC
sbals roolf decrofniernon ....................................................... -5
7-5 sliated tnalaes tnioJ ............................................................... -5
8-5 sliated tnioj noitcartnoC ........................................................... -5
9-5 rof stnioj noitcurtsnoc delewoD
sbals roolf etercnoc ............................................................ -5
5-10 etecnoc rof stnioj noitcurtsnoc deyeK
sbals roolf ................................................................... -5
5-11 rof ngised bals yawrooD
ciffart ralucihev ............................................................... -5
5-12 stnioj noitalosI ................................................................... -5
5-13 stnioj egde-denekcihT ............................................................. -5
5-14 sbals roolf etercnoc ni stnioJ ........................................................ -5
5-15 decrofnier-rebif rof sevruc ngiseD
xedni ngised yb bals roolf etercnoc ............................................... -5
5-16 decrofnier-rebif rof sevruc ngiseD
stfilkrof yvaeh rof bals roolf etercnoc .............................................. -5
5-17 decrofnier-rebif rof sevruc noitcelfeD
sbals roolf etercnoc ............................................................ -5
5-18 -rebif detnioj rof noitcelfed elbawollA
sbals roolf etercnoc decrofnier ................................................... -5
SELBAT FO TSIL
elbaT 1-3 daol evil yranoitats elbawolla mumixaM .............................................. -3
2-3 roolf denekciht fo ssenkciht muminiM
fo retnec raen daol llaw rof bals .................................................. -3
tnioj delewod ro deyek raen ro bals ............................................... -3
3-3 raen daol llaw elbawolla mumixaM
egde eerf .................................................................... -3
1-4 edargbus fo suludom fo seulav lacipyT
noitcaer ..................................................................... -4
1-5 xedni ngised rof seirogetac ciffarT ................................................... -5
2-5 esrevsnart fo gnicaps dednemmoceR
stnioj noitcartnoc ............................................................. -5
3-5 gnicaps dna ezis lewoD ........................................................... -5
ii
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
1 RETPAHC
NOITCUDORTNI
1-1. Purpose. g. Vib yrotar loads. cimanyD ro/dnarotallicso y
p launam sihT fnogis ee dhr toafireti re chstebircser .edutinga mtnacifingi sf ognidaol
etercnoc yvae hro fsgnidliu bn iedar gn osbal sroolf h. Desi gn load. ehT stceffe fo yranoitatsevil ,
sdaol dn ael bsaic ioltlpbp i assltnlnoaepmseelre e de ad, dn al lsadwa odglnn aie.vvsoidmlaaoelD d
fo rg n s iyd .dvannlaoioieliuHtbcur tysrnao tcilim s .dero n egerida asnrbog arlos osfldofaol
daol gnivom edulcni sesuoheraw sa hcus yranoit a,tss i. Spe cial .slios lba rs tilhisicbeoiidShhnwxue e
.sdao llla wdn a,sdao levil properties no irtocf usretssuno chcus sa -mo chgih
.laitneto pllew sr oytilibisserp
1-2. Scope. j. No decrofniern slab. etercnoC bals gnitsero n
ts detubirtsid laminim gniniatnoc edarg f oyllaus u,lee
itcarp ,stpecnoc laciteroehT f osisa b,snoitacilpp alac
weld de eriw cirbaf ,)FWW( rof eht esoprupo f
desi ,ng dsn eanrguid serecodof rypva eshdaolra e
itimil -arep m deentgaakni reohhuttsd dkicw agrnc
discu dess th graioilfret idrecta l.elRau ns ainmhit -
.eerguntahc
loaded saera hcus sa eciffo secaps eraletarapes y
k. .bals decrofnieR tser bals etercnoC eda rnggoni
FA/2-908-5 MT ni detaert ai r.e pt,. ai32Mhr-CC88
cont gninia leets tnemecrofnier hcihw stsisnoco f
fo r saera detcejbus ot yrotarbiv sgnidaol ra e
a rehtie gnicrofni edremrof e rdcoirb aefr idwedlew
includ de ni MT 18-5 MFA/1- 8,7-88 .pahC .1oF r
.s rlaebets
ngised airetirc edistuo eht epocs fo sihtlaunam ,
.dednemmoc ee rrsadradna tysrtsudni
1-4. Basic considerations.
1-3. Definitions. Concrete roolf sbals no edarg era detcejbus ot a
eirav ngis eed h.Tsnoitidn ogcnida odl nsada o flyot
inifed gniwollof ehT erdhoetftp on dee aevsbanhoit
inimreted sedulcni erudecorp desa bssenkcih tbal sgn
:launam
neht dna sdaol evil gnivom no fyocauqe dganikcehc
a. Slab no .edarg etercnoC bals detroppusid -
ls ba ssenkcih tr oyfranoit aetvsil .daol ehTgised n
.li onsoitadnu o nfyoltcer
lcni yletarapes erudecorp ssenkci hgtninimret esdedu
b. Ligh t loads. sdaoL hcih wtsisnoc foapmoc( -
hT .daol llaw rednu bals fo erudec onrgpi seerdi tene
rabl e) tfilkrof elxa daol fo 5 spik ro ssel na d
si desab no a gnikrow sserts .tpecnoc sessertSni -
op 004 naht ssel sdaol evil yranoitats e r sarduenqpus
-nori vrnee h dtsnotaneid aerrgutarep mdyeebtcud
foot.
fe latnem -ngi s estyhanbtuo coc tannei k easrttacef
c . Heavy loads. t s fiy osnhn nacosoidchawoL e
nem t fo gnikrow .sesserts gnikroW sessertsvah e
of th e :gniwoll ogfnivom evil sdaol gnideecxe a
be ne de hyslillabcaitrsi epdmeesab nocneirepxe e
forkli tf elxa daol fo 5 ,spik yranoitats evildaol s
gai den mr otfnre emd pelyve a aidwnpfndiraaioar -
gnideecxe 400 pounds per square foot, an d
ecna.atad
concentrated gnidee csxd eal ollaw 006 sdnuoprep
.to orfaenil
1-5. References.
d. llaW load. detartnecnoC sdaol desopmib y
.snoititr arspollaw l a sniatnoc A xidneppA si h ntdie ssuecneref e frtosi
e. daeD load. llA eht slairet agmnisopmocht e .tnemucod
ep gnidulcni ,erutcurts tnenamrep sdao llla wtnenamr
.noitiso pn idexi fs itah ttnempiuq ell adna
f. eviL load. sdaoL desopmi yb eht esu na d
ycnapucco fo eht.erutcurts
(1) ivoM ng live load. - e yvdbesop msidaoL
.skcu rttfilkr o sfhac ucsiffa rrtalucih
(2) yranoitatS live load. sd adoeLsopmib y
.slairet admero t sshac ussme teilbavom
1-1
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
2 RETPAHC
NGISED EDARG NO BALS ROOLF FO SISAB
2-1. Stresses. lamreht noisnapxe dna noitcartnoc fo ehttercnoc e
The larutcurts ngised fo a etercnoc roolf balso n sla b dna gnipr aswess egrntistluser morfrutsiom e
g rdesu ascesser tes h ytdbellortn oyclirami r speida dna erutarepmet stneidarg nihtiw eht ,bals eudt o
yb m gnivo evil sdaol dna ni emos sesac ht e the ri cilcyc ,erutan lliw ta semit eb dedda otht e
sta yranoit .sdaol sessertS ni roolf sbals nodarg e mov gni evil daol .sesserts noisivorP rof seht e
a sdaol ralucihev morf gnitluser roo lfnfooitc n euarf dni ton era taht sesserts eda ms isdao lleeh wy bdecu
bals ,ssenkciht elcihev thgiew dna hgiew t yb yyl tldseaerf cpoamiotsorlcrieafpvfmeledluf -
,noitubirtsid elcihev leehw ro kcnaorittarugifnoc , rt detarelecca elacs devres beo hmto rdf nsats ectiffa
modul su fo yticitsale dna nossioP *s ratio o f ecnamrofrep fo stnemevap rednu lautcacivres e
concr ete, dna suludom fo edargbus noitcaero f .snoitidnoc
su gnitropp .lairet aemhT emulov fo ciffarntirud g
the ngised efil si tnatropmi rof eugitafdisnoc - 2-3. Stationary live loads.
hT .snoitare detnes eerrpudec onrgpi sbe adrlos oelf ehT -mi ls idao levi lyranoitat selbawoll amumixam
irc eht gnitimil no desab si niereh sesser teslisn eltacit ited yb htob eht evitisop gnidneb tnemomserts s
produced elci h eebyhv abt elnhsith tiw s,agnidaol under eht daol dna eht evita ggennidnebnemom t
ni MT MFA/6-228-5 ,7-88 .pahC .1oitalerroC n .d a eomh lotercfnat se i mgdtonasirru csceosserts
seiduts s eellieaddcuos tm-, slynlreaoemewshtteb , a. evitisoP gnidneb .stnemom Stresses due t o
an d edleatcas r-celillfeufcfacra tstset evahwohs n pos eviti gnidn etbnemom e ryalevi teallpemrist o
tha t mumixa melisn estesserts ni roolf sbalsliw l retseW gnisu yb etupmoc draag *-itsal ef o*sisylan as
occur w neh elcihev sleehw era tnegnat ot aerf e oppus yllac ro tyct aeefftaasir p.o srne pAtdpaealtpr
edge. sessertS rof eht noitidnoc fo ehtlclihev e si deilppa ot enimreted elbawolla sesserts eudt o
whe sle tnegnat ot na tniojroiretni erehw ehtwt o eseht sdaol esuaceb yllatnemnorivne esopmi d
slab s era deit rehtegot era ssel ereves naht aerf e sesserts tsum osla eb detnuocca rof ehw n
ed eg esuaceb fo eht daol refsnart ssorca ehtwt o .sda oylranoita tgsniredisnoc
ecajda ngis eed h,tsba lrsoo l ffeos aec h nt.Isba ltsn b. Nega evit gnidneb .stnemom ehT tceffe o f
can eb desab no eht lortnoc fo sserts taoiretni r evitagen lucif fe irtdoamhw e smssoie srgtnsid neb t
.stnioj snoitpecxE ot siht noitpmussa rofoiretni r to d .enimrete A bals no na citsale edargbusliw l
join t gnidao lrucco nehw a leehw si decalp taht e l rednu mrofed en idsepm aeadk itlahwem ogsnidao
s y rraeaow g ertdeeanoa egeotdrdaef. lalaw curve ni hcihw eht edutilpma ro noitamrofedo f
suc evissec selcyc ta a ecnatsid morf ehtnidaol g
2.2 Vehicle-imposed loads. pos noiti sesaerced yllacitotpmysa ot .orezsuhT ,
uqer ngised bals roolf gninimreted roF -ili m,stnemeri there stsixe emos lacitirc elsia htdiw erehwht e
ta yr selci heevvah ne edbediv iodtni eerhatreneg l depmad m osrefv re uncis e rsaae rganida ollellarap
:snoitacifissalc dcniatamu ernep h,tsokc utrftilkrof esahp ni evitag ee nh,tnoitaut issi hn.tIevitid ddana
soli d derit ,selcihev dna dekcart .selcihev hT e liw sesserts tnemom gnidneb dn atnacifingi semoceb
evitaler eh tf oyn anihti wdao lnevi gyn af oytireve s T .deredisnoc eb tsum yranoita teslbawol l,aerofereh
three ssnioitacifiss alc agnihsilbats ey bdenimreted l fsoticef fee hetdulc n oidtehsilbat seer eswda oelv
relati pihsno neewteb eht daol ni noitseuq dna a neg evita tnemom gnidneb .sesserts sehT e
ed bals roolF .gnidaol dradnats e rsatnemeriuq enrgis snoitaluclac d entic e lefrear fsoeul advetalub aetht
fo smret ni dehsilbatse neht eht dradna t.sdaolrehtO .sdao levi lyranoitat selbawolla
str sesse hcus sa tniartser sesserts gnitluserorf m
* Westergaards cn iestr Isea.ihndToitadn uroef ldk enali lWsaecmite m,onsoitadn ud o isfnue oqta iaryllolpfla u stsicIsaylana t
ecnereffid sre itfoaov lalphaerbut c nueerhe ttwsteb maeb “mre teh t,skoobtxe tyna mn I.noitadnuo fcitsal en an odn adiuqi lano
”.noitadnuo fdiuqi ln omaeb “yllautc as I”noitadnuo fcitsal eno
2-1
TM 5-809-12/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
2-4. Wall loads. si desab no eht yroeht fo a maeb no aiuqil d
a erehw snoitautis era erehT we nan odecal ps illaw noitadnuof detcejbus ot detartnecnoc .sdaolerhT e
-ro bals denekciht ba lrsoo leftercn ogcnitsi x nenao gnidaol snoitidnoc era :deredisnoc sdaol ta ht e
on g .edar sllaW hgiew morf lareves derdnuht o retnec fo e,shbdtaa lotsla ,at ndsindoaajol at the
uop dnasuoht lareves ngis ee dh.Tto orfaen ir lespdn egde f . oebehahtlTs e rsaba ldsenekci h ftsohtdiw
tab el desu rof gninimreted sessenkcihteriuqer d depoleved rehtegot htiw eht ednemmocer d
rednu )noail be iebB sa d(ayetbpSol e svsl eildaw d .snoitisnart
2-2
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
3 RETPAHC
STNEMERIUQER BALS ROOLF FO NOITANIMRETED
3-1. Vehicular loads. tfilkrof a fo elxa evird eht 4 o79yt8llamr osknicu rt
rt gniwollof ehT enimret eoddteriuq ee rraat acdiffa tnecrep fo eht latot ssorg thgiew fo ehtedaol d
:stnemeriuq esrsenkci hbta lrsoo lefht .elcihev
— selcihe vf osepyT
— epy telcihe vy bemulo vciffarT For dekcart ,selcihev eht ssorg thgiew silneve y
— Whe le ,sdaol gnidulcni ehtumixam m dedivid y tf ie o,r hdsee tnkv hnaceoteaswe rtwtteb
is elxa-elgn e l dxgnana-imdeadonlaotf r daol nac ylisae eb desserpxe ni smret fosorg s
tr ,skcu tfilkrof ,skcurt dna ekcart d weight . r ogFni ve ov,misld aegolnlxiada osliaf r
selcihev eht naht tnatropmi erom .snoititep edra ofrloebmun
— The egareva yliad emulov fo iffart c elacs-lluF stnemir epxe ssaegna htca hntwo hesvah
)VDA( ,hcihw ni ,nrut senimretedht e sa elttil gnida oell x faeoduting aem h nttinecr e 0p1
itna emulov ciffart latot e hgtnir uddetapic era tnelav io utsqeegnah cfo 003 ot 0 0t4necrepi n
.bal srool feh tf oefi lngised .snoititep edra ofrloebm uenht
olf roF f sodia oell xea h fteoduting aem h,tsba lrso
raf retaerg ecnatropmi naht eht ssorg elx A.thgiew 3-2. Traffic distribution.
aps seire htta h othsguo neegr ael ryallaren esggnic nitaulave ni dia oT ro osfleofsop r e urhcpotifff agrt
o elttil kc utrftilk r.osFe lnxeaew tneobitcare tronni of lacipyt ,ngised bals dediv inde eebv ashkcu rttfilkr
rt.dao lelx amumixa mf osmre tn idesserpx es iciffa :swoll o sfsaeiroget axc iostni
umixam rednU ydbeirr atchgi e,wsnoitidn odca oml
kcurT tfilkroF kcurT tfilkroF MaximuLmo ad
Category MaxiAmLxuolmkae id p,s spik ,yticapaC
I 5 to 10 2 to 4
II 10 to 15 4 to 6
III 15 to 25 6 to 10
IV 25 to 36 10 to 16
V 36 to 43 16 to 20
VI 43 to 120 20 to 52
a evah skcurt tfilkrof nehW spi k5nah tsse lsdao lelx cons gniredi hcae elxa sa e ntofil kkrcoufrt elxao f
and eht yranoitats evil sdaol era ssel naht04 0 ht a ,elpmaxe roF .thgiew etamixorppa k ceulrxta-eer
sdnuop rep erauqs ,toof eht roolf bals dluohsb e wi th elxa sdaol fo ,6 ,41 dna 41 spik lliw b e
cca ni dengised MF-A8/8 2eh-ct 9niM0awT8d-r5o deredisnoc sa eerht tfilkrof kcurt ,selxa eno i n
hc usskcu rttfilkr onfa hrteh tsoelcih e..V2pa h,C3 .II yrogetaC ni owt dna I yrogetaC selcih edvekca rT
sa lanoitnevnoc skcurt llahs eb detaulave b y :swol ldsoeafziroge tearca
tfilkroF
Truck selciheV dekcarT
Category kipsWeight, Bross Maximum
I 0n4a hstsel
II 40 to 60
III 60 to 90
IV 90 to 120
.skcu rttfilkr or foyfroget aecm ae shr todfetutitsb uey sbasmelcih edvekca rr tosfeirogetaC
3-1
TM 5-809-12/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
3-3. Stationary live loads. k = the suludom fo edargbus ,noitcaerdnuop s
Floor sbals no edarg dluohs evah tauqeda e hcn icibu crep
structural .sd aeo vlil dengis eed rsaba lrsoo lefcniS h = sehcn i,ssenkcih tbal seht
aol evil gnivom rof dekce hedcbluo hnsgis ee dh,tsd E= the suludom fo yticitsale rof eht als b
gnidaol evil yranoitats rof sts i1l -e3lb a.Tsnoitidnoc (assu dem ot lauqe 0.4 x 601 sdnuopep r
va seul y r ae nv smoirduiloamtfoi alxntaosmoolf r )hc neirauqs
eh yrev roF .sbals roo lef h,tsda oelv iylranoita tysva
slab th dseet ssnes iil ellb1 noa-lkrt3lcthiintwoc e The lbaw ony d dloaeeonlimbstiatuf aeu vqoeba e
noitau qe ehgtni sduerape rs pa1 w-e3lb a.Tngised sdaol sn oriotfan ifbom osceulav fo ,s ,h dnaonk t
yam ytefas rehtruF .1-3 elbat ni nevig y bdeniatb oe b
a gnicuder rella m oasstser trseb iefmert xeelbawoll
egatnecrep fo eht etercnoc laruxelf htgnertsvah e
hk
w ’ 257 . 876 s (eq 3-1) rp neeb d n,alledd a,Wrenr edW nbaei r yGdbetnese
E
es( ttimmaH sulud oem h ftnooitcel ees h.T)oilb ieB
t ni esu rof noitcaer edargbus fo dessucs i sd1i -e3lba
erehw ni hpargarap2-4 d n g .iesheTd denimax ee bdluohs
w = eht mumixam elbawolla etubirtsid d for sctinhewme lltatietsn eyrt eifflofii bd ieshstop h
oitats t oeorfa u rqsesdpn u,odp aeo vlyirlan dluoc tluser morf mrofinunon edargbustroppus .
s = awolla eht noisn e ntsiser trseb iefmert xeelb Also , noitaredisnoc fo eht stceffe foret-gnol m
sserts egaknirhs gnidulcxe odtemus ssdaina llarevo tn eymr ear lnoetofvti ietslsadtaso lyamb e
be lauqe ot flah-eno eht lamronad-82 y nec yrasse rof elbisserpmoc slios ees( MT818-5 -
co etercn laruxelf ,htgnerts sdnuop ep r M ,F.3Ap-/a8.1h8)C7
hc neirauqs
3-2
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
MaxaiTlm 3alu-bom1lw .esa tbaltei ollnoiaavrdey
Stationary Live Load w in
Slab lb/ft 2 for These Flexural
Thickness Strengths of Concrete
inches 550 lb 600 lb 650 lb 700 lb
h in 2 in 2 in 2 in 2
6 868 947 1,026 1,105
7 938 1,023 1,109 1,194
8 1,003 1,094 1,185 1,276
9 1,064 1,160 1,257 1,354
10 1,121 1,223 1,325 1,427
11 1,176 1,283 1,390 1,497
12 1,228 1,340 1,452 1,563
14 1,326 1,447 1,568 1,689
16 1,418 1,547 1,676 1,805
18 1,504 1,641 1,778 1,915
20 1,586 1,730 1,874 2,018
NOTE: Stationary live loads tabulated above are based on a modulus of subgrade
reaction (k) of 100 lb/in 3 . Maximum allowable stationary live loads for other
moduli of subgrade reaction will be computed by multiplying the
above—tabulated loads by a constant factor. Constants for other subgrade
moduli are tabulated below.
Modulus of 25 50 100 200 300
Subgrade reaction
Constant factor 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.7
For other modulus of subgrade reaction values, the constant values may be
found from the expression k / 001 .
3-3
TM 5-809-12/AFM 88-3, Chap. 15
3-4. Wall loads. 3-5. Unusual loads.
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3-4