Table Of ContentARTÍCULO:
COMPARISON OF THE RECENT AND MIOCENE
HISPANIOLAN SPIDER FAUNAS
David Penney & Daniel E. Pérez-Gelabert
Abstract
Hispaniolan (=Dominican Republic and Haiti) araneology is reviewed and a checklist of
fossil (Miocene Dominican Republic amber) and Recent spiders is provided, with type
data and recorder details for endemic taxa. The fossil fauna consists of 145 described
species in 35 families and the Recent fauna, 296 species in 40 families. Twenty-nine
families and 28 genera are shared, representing similarity values of 63.0% and 13.0%
respectively. If the records for additional families (9) and genera (9) without formal
species described are added, then these values become 68.0% and 15.5% respectively.
No strictly fossil families are known, 25 genera are exclusively fossil and all species from
the amber are extinct. The diversity (Shannon index) and evenness of species within
ARTÍCULO: families is not significantly different between the faunas. Distinct similarities are
observed between the fossil and Recent faunas in genus and species numbers for the
Comparison of the Recent and families Pholcidae, Theridiidae and Corinnidae; dissimilarities are observed in
Miocene Hispaniolan Spider Tetragnathidae, Araneidae and Salticidae. We consider the Recent fauna to be poorly
faunas known and worthy of further investigation, particularly because of its potential, when
compared with the fossil fauna, to address palaeoecological problems.
David Penney Key words: Araneae,Taxonomy, Amber, Palaeontology, Hispaniola, Dominican Republic,
Leverhulme Research Associate, Haiti.
Earth Sciences, Taxonomy:
The University of Manchester, Elaver nutua (Wunderlich, 1988) comb. nov.
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
[email protected] Comparación de las faunas de arañas actuales y del Mioceno de la Hispaniola
Resumen
Daniel E. Pérez-Gelabert
Se revisa la araneología de la Hispaniola (=República Dominicana y Haití) y se provee
Research Associate,
una lista anotada de arañas fósiles y actuales, con datos sobre tipos y otros detalles de
Department of Systematic
registro para los taxones endémicos. La fauna fósil consiste en 145 especies descritas
Biology, Entomology Section,
en 35 familias y la fauna reciente 296 especies en 40 familias. Veintinueve familias y 28
National Museum of Natural
géneros son compartidos, representando valores de similaridad de 63,0% y 13,0%
History, Smithsonian Institution,
respectivamente. Si se añaden los registros de otras familias (9) y géneros (9) sin
Washington, D.C. 20560-0169,
especies formalmente descritas, entonces estos valores se hacen 68,0% y 15,5%
USA.
respectivamente. No se conocen familias estrictamente fósiles, 25 géneros son
[email protected]
exclusivamente fósiles y todas las especies del ámbar están extintas. La diversidad
(Indice de Shannon) e igualdad de especies dentro de las familias no son significativa-
mente distintas entre las faunas. Se observan similaridades distintivas entre las faunas
Revista Ibérica de Aracnología
fósil y Reciente en número de géneros y especies para las familias Pholcidae,
ISSN: 1576 - 9518.
Theridiidae y Corinniidae; se observan disimilaridades en Tetragnathidae, Araneidae y
Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000.
Salticidae. Consideramos la fauna Reciente de la Hispaniola como pobremente
Vol. 6, 31-XII-2002
conocida y merecedora de mayor investigación, particularmente por su potencial cuando
Sección: Artículos y Notas.
se compara con la fauna fósil para abordar problemas paleoecológicos.
Pp: 203–223.
Palabras clave: Araneae, Taxonomía, Ambar, Paleontología, Hispaniola, República
Dominicana, Haití.
Edita:
Taxonomía:
Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología
Elaver nutua (Wunderlich, 1988) nueva combinación
(GIA)
Grupo de trabajo en Aracnología
de la Sociedad Entomológica
Aragonesa (SEA)
Introduction
Avda. Radio Juventud, 37
50012 Zaragoza (ESPAÑA)
Hispaniola is unique in terms of its known spider fauna, in that more families are
Tef. 976 324415
Fax. 976 535697 recorded from fossils in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, than are recorded
C-elect.: [email protected] from extant species (Penney, 1999). It is also the region of the world where the
Director: A. Melic
amber fauna is most similar to the Recent fauna. Petrunkevitch (1928) considered
the Greater Antillean spider fauna to represent an eastern outgrowth of the Central
Información sobre suscripción,
índices, resúmenes de artículos on American fauna by way of a presumed earlier land connection and subsequent
line, normas de publicación, etc. en: continent–island vicariance. However, such a land connection appears never to have
existed (Ross & Scotese, 1988; Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee, 1999). During the
Página web GIA:
http://entomologia.rediris.es/gia Eocene–Oligocene transition, the developing northern Greater Antilles and
northwestern South America were briefly (33–35 Ma) connected by a landspan (a
Página web SEA: subaerial connection between a continent and one or more off-shelf islands)
http://entomologia.rediris.es/sea
centered on the emergent Aves Ridge, but the massive uplift that apparently
permitted these connections was finished by 32 Ma (Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee,
1999). The Greater Antilles in their current guise are relatively young geographical
204 D. Penney & D. E. Pérez-Gelabert
features, probably no older than the middle Miocene later that year and also in 1938, visiting eastern and
(Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee, 1999), rather than having central parts of the island, including some of the highest
evolved from the Proto-Greater Antillean and subse- altitudes in the Caribbean. Elizabeth Bryant described
quently the Greater Antillean landmass formed on the most known Recent spiders from Hispaniola (Bryant,
west of the Proto-Caribbean region during the late 1943 [Salticidae], 1945 [Argiopidae = Araneidae,
Lower Cretaceous as proposed by Ross & Scotese Tetragnathidae, Theridiosomatidae], 1948 [numerous
(1988). Therefore, all on-island lineages forming the families]), the majority of which are held in the Mu-
Recent fauna must be younger than Middle Eocene seum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. In
(Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee, 1999). During the period her final publication on Hispaniolan Araneae, Bryant
of amber-forming resin secretion (15–20 million years (1948) considered the total described spider fauna to
ago; Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee, 1996) Hispaniola consist of 224 species, but recognized that this was
was a distinct island; for a discussion of alternative ages probably a gross underestimate of the true total. In more
for this amber deposit see Poinar & Poinar (1999). recent years Alayón-García (1992, 1995, 2002) has
There may have been connection to Puerto Rico via a described four new species from the island.
narrow neck of land, however this is not certain It is only two decades since Ono (1981) described
(Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee, 1999). Since then, the first spider preserved in Miocene amber from the
Hispaniola has moved slowly eastwards to reach its Dominican Republic. Subsequently, Dominican Repu-
current position. The amber was formed in a tropical blic amber spiders have been described by Schawaller
climate similar to that in the region today (e.g. Poinar & (1981a, 1982, 1984), Wunderlich (1981, 1982, 1986,
Poinar, 1999), therefore the fossil and Recent faunas are 1987, 1988), Reiskind (1989), Wolff (1990) and Penney
directly comparable ecologically (Penney, 1999). (2000a, 2000b, 2001). The spiders described as Mysme-
Combined fossil and Recent Hispaniolan faunal na dominicana Wunderlich, 1998 (Mysmenidae) and
checklists exist for a number of invertebrate groups, e.g. Grammonota deformans Wunderlich, 1998 (Linyphii-
Trichoptera (Flint & Pérez-Gelabert, 1999), Neuroptera dae) by Wunderlich (1998) and the specimen reported
(Pérez-Gelabert & Flint, 2000), cockroaches (Gutiérrez as Archaeidae (Wunderlich, 1999) from Dominican
& Pérez-Gelabert, 2000), Diplopoda (Pérez-Asso & Republic amber are all actually subfossils preserved in
Pérez-Gelabert, 2001) and Orthoptera (Pérez-Gelabert, Madagascan copal (Wunderlich, pers. comm. 2000).
2001). However, none of these works compared criti- The undescribed specimen identified as Amaurobiidae
cally the fossil and Recent faunas. The high frequency in Dominican amber by Schawaller (1981b) is actually
with which spiders occur as Dominican Republic amber preserved in Baltic amber (Wunderlich 1988). Other
inclusions and their similarity to the Recent fauna spider taxa reported, but not described and which are
makes this a potentially valuable data set for qualitative otherwise unrecorded in Dominican amber include:
(e.g. Penney, 1999) and quantitative (e.g. Penney, 2002) Symphytognathidae sensu lato (Schawaller, 1981b),
palaeoecological investigations. This paper provides a Agelenidae, Philodromidae (Schawaller, 1981b; Wun-
brief review of Hispaniolan aranaeology, a taxonomic derlich, 1988), Liocranidae, Microstigmatidae, Pisauri-
checklist derived from the existing literature, of all dae, Palpimanidae: Otiothops sp. (Wunderlich, 1988),
known Recent and fossil Hispaniolan spider species and Hahniidae (Penney, 1999, possibly a misidentification
comparisons of these faunas. and not included in this paper), Lycosidae (Penney,
2001), Uloboridae: Miagrammopes sp. (Schawaller,
1982; Wunderlich, 1988; Penney, 2001). Genera
Hispaniolan araneology
recorded but not identified to species, from families
Prior to the twentieth century, only a small number of otherwise described from Dominican amber include:
large, common spiders had been described from Hispa- Dipluridae: Ischnothele?; Oonopidae: Heteroonops?,
niola. The first important contribution to the knowledge Opopaea?; Tetragnathidae: Leucauge; Theridiidae:
of Hispaniola’s spider fauna was a short paper by Craspedisia; Salticidae: Descanso (Wunderlich, 1988)
Nathan Banks in 1903, based on specimens collected by and Salticidae: Nebridia (Cutler, 1984). The spider
R. J. Crew. He recorded 63 species mainly from the described as Anelosimus clypeatus Wunderlich, 1988
vicinity of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Notable collectors of was removed from that genus by Penney (2001) and
Hispaniolan spiders include: P. R. Uhler, 1873; W. M. currently remains unassigned.
Mann, 1902, 1912–1913 (winter); Bates & Darlington,
1934; P. J. Darlington, 1934, 1938; A. Audant and D.
Checklist of Hispaniolan spiders
Hurst. Uhler’s primary interest was insects, although he
also collected a number of spiders during his visit to the Families are listed in systematic order after Platnick
western part of Haiti, some of which were described (2002). Only full species are included in the list, with
over the years by Keyserling. Some of the material holotype data for endemic species; the type specimens
collected from Haiti by Mann in 1902 was described by for the species described by Bryant, that have subse-
the Peckhams. Bates & Darlington collected a few quently been synonymised with other species, are held
spiders along with their entomology collections during in MCZ. Species from Navassa, a very small island (5.2
their visit to Haiti in 1934 and Darlington returned to km2) 64 km west of Hispaniola are not included; a list
Hispaniola for more intensive arachnological collecting of the 58 known spider species was provided by
Comparison of the Recent and Miocene Hispaniolan Spider faunas 205
Alayón-García (2001). In numerous old arachnological from all analyses. Summary figures for the checklist are
works the dates printed on the journals do not actually presented in the discussion (Table I).
represent the correct publication year. All publication Repository abbreviations: AMNH, American Mu-
dates for the Recent fauna and generic placements seum of Natural History, New York, New York;
follow Platnick (2002). Each species is followed by the GPIMH, Geological-Palaeontological Institute and
author who described it (with the date) and then, in Museum, University of Hamburg, Germany; IES,
parentheses, by the author who cited as present on Instituto de Ecología y Sistematíca, La Habana, Cuba;
Hispaniola, in SMALL CAPITALS (with the date) and the MNHNP, Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle, Paris;
name(s) of the species and their authorship as cited, if MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
different. To reduce the size of the manuscript, University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA; MNSD,
synonyms are not included; this taxonomic history can Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santo Domingo,
be easily traced for the Recent fauna using the catalo- Dominican Republic; NHM, Natural History Museum,
gues of Bonnet (1945, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959), London, England; PCHM, Personal Collection of H.
Roewer (1942, 1954a, 1954b), Brignoli (1983), and Müllenmeisteri, Germany; PCJW, Personal Collection
Platnick (1989, 1993, 1997, 2002), and for the fossil of J. Wunderlich, Germany; PRC, Poinar Research
fauna, (Penney 2000a, 2000b, 2001) and Wunderlich Collection, Oregon State University, USA; SMF,
(1986, 1988). Names in square brackets are nomina Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany;
dubia; * = fossil genus; † = fossil species; [†] = subfos- SMNS, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart,
sil species. Nomina dubia and subfossils are excluded Germany.
Order A R A N E A E
Suborder OPISTHOTHELAE
Infraorder Mygalomorphae
Family DIPLURIDAE
Ischnothele jeremie Coyle, 1995 (COYLE, 1995). Holotype †Psalistops hispaniolensis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
male, from Haiti; sinkhole at 1,220 m near Jérémie, just 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
north of the Massif de la Hotte, Feb. 1984, (J. Franz), Republic amber, [SMF 38123]. Hispaniolan endemic.
[AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Psalistops maculosus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty-
Ichnothele garcia Coyle, 1995 (COYLE, 1995). Holotype pe male, from Haiti; Milot, January 1913, (Mann),
female, from Dominican Republic; Sierra Martín [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
García, Barahona Prov., Aug. 8, 1958, (A. Archer),
Trichopelma nitidum Simon, 1888 (SIMON, 1888)
[AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
*†Microsteria sexoculata Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Family THERAPHOSIDAE
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Citharacanthus spinicrus (Latreille, 1819) (SMITH, 1986)
Republic amber, [SMF 38131]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Cyrtopholis agilis Pocock, 1903 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype,
Family CYRTAUCHENIIDAE male from San Domingo; [NHM]. Hispaniolan ende-
mic.
†Bolostromus destructus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype, male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Cyrtopholis cursor (Ausserer, 1875) (AUSSERER, 1875).
Republic amber, repository unknown to the authors; Holotype(s), females? from San Domingo; [NHM].
reported as GPIMH by WUNDERLICH (1988) but was Hispaniolan endemic.
not located in their collection, and is presumed still to
Holothele sericea (Simon, 1903) (SIMON, 1903 as Scopeloba-
be in the possession of Wunderlich (W. Weitschat pers.
tes sericeus Simon, 1903). Holotype female, from
comm. 1997). Hispaniolan endemic.
Puerto-Plata, [MNHNP?]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Family BARYCHELIDAE *†Ischnocolinopsis acutus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Psalistops fulvus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype Republic amber, [PCJW]. Hispaniolan endemic.
male, from Haiti; Diquini, November 1912, (Mann),
[MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. Phormictopus cancerides (Latreille, 1806) (BRYANT, 1948)
206 D. Penney & D. E. Pérez-Gelabert
Infraorder Araneomorphae
Family FILISTATIDAE †Modisimus calcaroides Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842) (BRYANT, 1948 as Republic amber, [SMF 38218]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Filistata hibernalis Hentz, 1842)
†Modisimus crassifemoralis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDER-
Family SICARIIDAE LICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Domini-
can Republic amber, [SMF 38228]. Hispaniolan
Loxosceles caribbaea Gertsch, 1958 (GERSTCH, 1958) endemic.
Loxosceles cubana Gerstch, 1958 (GERSTCH, 1958; GERSTCH Modisimus fuscus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT,1948). Holotype
& ENNIK, 1983) male, from Haiti; Kenscoff, 4,500 feet, 12 November
1934, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic Modisimus glaucus Simon, 1893a (BRYANT, 1948)
amber, [SMF 38241]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Modisimus oculatus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
†Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, [SMF 38213]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38239]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Modisimus tuberosus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Loxosceles taino Gerstch & Ennik, 1983 (GERSTCH & ENNIK, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1983) Republic amber, [GPIMH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Family SCYTODIDAE Modisimus vittatus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
male, from Haiti; Port-au-Prince, 1–5 September 1934,
Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 (BRYANT, 1948 as S. fusca (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
and S. hebraica Simon, 1891)
†Pholcophora brevipes Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Scytodes longipes Lucas, 1844 (BRYANT, 1948) 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Scytodes piliformis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Republic amber, [SMF 38219]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic †Pholcophora gracilis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
amber, [SMF 38236]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Scytodes planithorax Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Republic amber, [SMF 38211]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican †Pholcophora longicornis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Republic amber, [SMF 38232]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Scytodes stridulans Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Republic amber, [SMF 38215]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1874) (BRYANT, 1948)
amber, [SMF 38222]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Tainonia serripes (Simon, 1893a) (BRYANT, 1948 as Blech-
Family DRYMUSIDAE roscelis serripes Simon, 1893a)
Drymusa simoni Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype *†Serratochorus pygmaeus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
male, from Haiti; La Hotte, 5,000–7,800 feet, 16–17
Republic amber, [SMF 38212]. Hispaniolan endemic.
October 1934, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan
endemic.
Family CAPONIIDAE
Family OCHYROCERATIDAE Caponina darlingtoni Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty-
pe female, from Dominican Republic; San José de las
*†Arachnolithulus pygmaeus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDER-
Matas, 1,500 feet +, June 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ].
LICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Domini-
Hispaniolan endemic.
can Republic amber, [SMF 38220]. Hispaniolan
endemic. Nops blandus (Bryant, 1942) (BRYANT, 1948 as Nops cocci-
neus Simon, 1891 [but not N. c. Simon (see CHICKE-
Family PHOLCIDAE
RING, 1967)])
Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837 (BRYANT, 1948) Nops gertschi Chickering, 1967 (CHICKERING, 1967). Holoty-
Leptopholcus hispaniola Huber, 2000 (HUBER, 2000). Ho- pe male, from Dominican Republic; Loma Cibao, La
lotype male, from Dominican Republic; Parque Nacio- Vega Prov., Aug. 9 1956, 600–1,600 m elevation, (A.
nal Bermúdez, La Ciénaga, La Vega Prov., 1100 m F. Archer), [AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
elev., tropical evergreen forest, malaise, 19 July–2 Aug.
†Nops lobatus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988 as
1995, S. and J. Peck, [AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Nops lobatus Wunderlich, 1988 and †Nops segmenta-
Modisimus femoratus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty- tus Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Mioce-
pe male, from Dominican Republic; Sánchez, July ne Dominican Republic amber, [SMF 38235]. Hispa-
1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. niolan endemic.
†Modisimus calcar Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Family TETRABLEMMIDAE
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
amber, [SMF 38216]. Hispaniolan endemic. †Monoblemma? spinosum Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Comparison of the Recent and Miocene Hispaniolan Spider faunas 207
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican †Tama media Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Republic amber, [SMF 38238]. Hispaniolan endemic. Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
amber, [SMF 38298]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Family SEGESTRIIDAE
†Tama minor Wunderlich, 1987 (WUNDERLICH, 1987).
Ariadna multispinosa Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty- Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
pe female, from Dominican Republic; Loma Rucilla, amber, [SMF 38231]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Pico del Yaque, 8,000–10,000 feet, June 1938, (Dar-
lington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. Family DEINOPIDAE
†Ariadna paucispinosa Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Deinopis lamia MacLeay, 1839 (BRYANT, 1948)
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38237]. Hispaniolan endemic. Family ULOBORIDAE
Family OONOPIDAE Miagrammopes latens Bryant, 1936 (BRYANT, 1948)
*†Fossilopaea sulci Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Philoponella semiplumosa (Simon, 1893b) (OPELL, 1979)
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
Uloborus trilineatus Keyserling, 1883 (OPELL, 1979 as
amber, [SMF 38223]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Uloborus penicillatus Simon, 1891)
Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1891) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Zosis geniculata (Oliver, 1789) (BRYANT, 1948 as Uloborus
Dysderina antillana Bryant, 1942)
geniculatus (Oliver, 1789))
†Oonops seldeni Penney, 2000 (PENNEY, 2000). Holotype
male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, Family NESTICIDAE
[NHM Pal. PI IA 20]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Eidmannella pallida (Emerton, 1875) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Oonops validus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype Nesticus pallidus Emerton, 1875)
male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
Loma Rucilla mountains, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1938, *†Hispanonesticus latopalpus Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDER-
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. LICH, 1986). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Domini-
can Republic amber, [SMF 38258]. Hispaniolan
†Orchestina dominicana Wunderlich, 1981 (WUNDERLICH, endemic.
1981). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [GPIMH 2525]. Hispaniolan endemic. Nesticus maculatus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
†Orchestina tibialis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Loma Vieja, south of Constanza, 6,000 feet, August
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
amber, [SMF 38240]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Family THERIDIIDAE
†Stenoonops incerta (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH, 1988
as †Gamasomorpha incerta Wunderlich, 1988). Ho-
†Achaearanea extincta Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
lotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
amber, [SMF 38226]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38298]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Triaeris stenaspis Simon, 1891 (BRYANT, 1948) Anelosimus studiosus (Hentz, 1850) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Anelosimus fraternus Bryant, 1948)
Family MIMETIDAE
Argyrodes americanus (Taczanowski, 1874) (BANKS, 1903 as
†? Mimetus bituberculatus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Argyrodes trituberculatus Becker, 1879)
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38242]. Hispaniolan endemic. Argyrodes caudatus (Taczanowski, 1874) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Conopistha caudata (Taczanowski, 1874) and Cono-
Mimetus hispaniolae Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype pistha obtusa O. P.-Cambridge, 1880)
male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
rain forest near Valle Nuevo, 6,000 feet +, August †Argyrodes crassipatellaris Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38301]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Mimetus syllepsicus Hentz, 1832 (BRYANT, 1948 as Mimetus
interfector Hentz, 1850) Argyrodes darlingtoni Exline & Levi, 1962 (EXLINE & LEVI,
1962)
Family OECOBIIDAE
Argyrodes elevatus Taczanowski, 1873 (EXLINE & LEVI,
Oecobius concinnus Simon, 1893b (BRYANT, 1948 as Oeco- 1962)
bius audanti Bryant, 1948)
Argyrodes furcatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) (EXLINE & LEVI,
†Oecobius piliformis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1962)
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Argyrodes haitensis Exline & Levi, 1962 (EXLINE & LEVI,
Republic amber, [SMF 38225]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1962). Holotype female, from Haiti; 32 km from Aux
Cayes, 330 m elev., Aug. 28–29, 1935, (W. G. Hassler),
Family HERSILIIDAE
[AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Tama maior Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Argyrodes nephila Taczanowski, 1873 (BRYANT, 1948 as
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic Conopistha nephilae Taczanowski, 1873))
amber, [SMF 38230]. Hispaniolan endemic.
208 D. Penney & D. E. Pérez-Gelabert
†Argyrodes parvipatellaris Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Dipoenata morosa (Bryant, 1948) (BRYANT, 1948 as Dipoena
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican morosa Bryant, 1948)
Republic amber, [SMF 38306]. Hispaniolan endemic.
[†]Dipoenata praedominicana (Wunderlich, 1986) (WUNDER-
†Chrosiothes biconigerus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, LICH, 1986). Holotype male, subfossil in Dominican
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic copal, [PCJW]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38388]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Dipoenata stipes Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
†Chrosiothes curvispinosus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican amber, [SMF 38405]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38362]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Dipoenata yolande Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
†Chrosiothes emulgatus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
amber, [SMF 38131]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38387]. Hispaniolan endemic.
[†]Episinus antecognatus Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH,
†Chrosiothes longispinosus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1986). Holotype male, subfossil in Dominican Republic
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
copal, [PCJW]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38381]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Episinus brevipalpus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
†Chrosiothes monoceros Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38414]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38409]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Chrosiothes tumulus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, †Episinus cornutus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
amber, [SMF 38554]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38402]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Chrosiothes unicornis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Episinus dominicus Levi, 1955 (LEVI, 1955). Holotype
female, from Dominican Republic; Valle de Polo, Aug.
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1935, (H. B. Hassler), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38395]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Chrysso albomaculata O. P.-Cambridge, 1882 (BRYANT, Episinus gratiosus Bryant, 1940 (BRYANT, 1948)
1948). †Episinus praecognatus Wunderlich, 1982 (WUNDERLICH,
1982). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Chrysso? conspicua Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Republic amber, [SMF 38361]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38330]. Hispaniolan endemic. †Episinus tuberosus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
†Chrysso? dubia Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
amber, [SMF 38407]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
amber, [SMF 38282]. Hispaniolan endemic. †Lasaeola puta Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
Chrysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão, 1917) (LEVI, 1962 as
amber, [SMF 38417]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Chrysso clementinae (Petrunkevitch, 1930))
Coleosoma floridanum Banks, 1900 (BRYANT, 1948) †Lasaeola pristina (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH, 1986
as †Dipoena pristina Wunderlich). Holotype male,
*†Cornutidion elongatum Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, [SMF
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican 38418]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38252]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Lasaeola vicina (Wunderlich, 1982) (WUNDERLICH, 1982 as
Craspedisia spatulata Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty- †Dipoena vicina Wunderlich, 1982). Holotype male,
pe male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, [SMF
rain forest near Valle Nuevo, 6,000 feet, August 1938, 38347]. Hispaniolan endemic.
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Lasaeola vicinoides Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Dipoena dominicana Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1986). Holotype male, from Dominican Republic; north Republic amber, [GPIMH 2535]. Hispaniolan endemic.
of Santiago, February 1981 (Wunderlich), [SMF],
Hispaniolan endemic. Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 (BRYANT, 1948)
†Dipoenata altioculata Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) (BRYANT, 1948)
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Nesticodes rufipes Lucas, 1846 (LEVI, 1963a)
Republic amber, [SMF 38398]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Spintharus flavidus Hentz, 1850 (LEVI, 1963a)
†Dipoenata cala Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic †Spintharus longisoma Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
amber, [SMF 38251]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38380]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Dipoenata clypeata Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Steatoda erigoniformis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) (BRYANT,
Republic amber, [SMF 38343]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1948 as Lithyphantes septemmaculatus Keyserling,
1884)
†Dipoenata globulus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Republic amber, [SMF 38351]. Hispaniolan endemic. Teutana modesta Bryant, 1948)
Comparison of the Recent and Miocene Hispaniolan Spider faunas 209
†Stemmops incertus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Ogulnius fulvus Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic female, from Dominican Republic; foot hills of Cordi-
amber, [SMF 38314]. Hispaniolan endemic. llera Central, south of Santiago, 2,000–5,000 feet, June
1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Stemmops prominens Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Ogulnius latus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
Republic amber, [SMF 38322]. Hispaniolan endemic. female, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
Loma Rucilla, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1938, (Darling-
†Styposis pholcoides Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
ton), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1988). Holotype female, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38244]. Hispaniolan endemic. *†Palaeoepeirotypus iuvenis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDER-
LICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Domini-
Theridion antillanum Simon, 1894 (LEVI, 1959)
can Republic amber, [GPIMH 2830]. Hispaniolan
Theridion atropunctatum Petrunkevitch, 1930 (LEVI, 1959) endemic.
Theridion australe Banks, 1899 (LEVI, 1959) *†Palaeoepeirotypus iuvenoides Wunderlich, 1988 (WUN-
DERLICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene
†Theridion contrarium Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Dominican Republic amber, [GPIMH 2831]. Hispanio-
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
lan endemic.
Republic amber, [GPIMH 1328]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Theridiosoma incompletum Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDER-
Theridion dilucidum Simon, 1897a (LEVI, 1959)
LICH, 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Domini-
†Theridion erectoides Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, can Republic amber, [SMF 38247]. Hispaniolan
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38229]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Wendilgarda clara Keyserling, 1886 (BRYANT, 1945 as
†Theridion erectum Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988). Wendilgarda theridionina Simon, 1895)
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
amber, [SMF 39005]. Hispaniolan endemic. Family ANAPIDAE
[Theridion fuesslini Simon, 1894] (BRYANT, 1948 as Theri- *†Palaeoanapis nana Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
dion fuesslyi Simon, 1894) (Considered an unrecogni-
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
zable species by LEVI (1959, p. 80) Republic amber, [GPIMH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Theridion hassleri Levi, 1963b (LEVI, 1963b)
Family MYSMENIDAE
†Theridion inversum Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican †Mysmenopsis lissycoleyae Penney, 2000a (PENNEY, 2000a).
Republic amber, [SMF 38333]. Hispaniolan endemic. Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
amber, [PRC A-10-137]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Theridion positivum Chamberlin, 1924 (LEVI, 1963b)
†Theridion variosoma Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Family LINYPHIIDAE
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Republic amber, [SMF 38221]. Hispaniolan endemic. Ceraticelus solitarius Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holoty-
pe female, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera
†Theridion wunderlichi Penney, 2001 (WUNDERLICH, 1988 as Central, Valle Nuevo, southeast of Constanza, 7,000
†Theridion ovale Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype male,
feet, August 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan
fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, [SMF
endemic.
38317]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Eperigone serrata Ivie & Barrows, 1935 (BRYANT, 1948 as
Theridula gonygaster (Simon, 1873) (BRYANT, 1948 as Eperigone antillana Bryant, 1948)
Theridula opulenta (Walckenaer, 1842))
Florinda coccinea (Hentz, 1850) (BRYANT, 1948 as Frontine-
Thymoites banksi (Bryant, 1948) (BRYANT, 1948 as Thymoe- lla coccinea (Hentz, 1850))
lla banksi Bryant, 1948). Holotype male, from Domini-
can Republic; Cordillera Central, Loma Rucilla moun- Frontinella bella Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
tains, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1938, (Darlington), female, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
[MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. Constanza, 3,000–4,000 feet, August 1938,
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Thymoites guanicae (Petrunkevitch, 1930) (LEVI, 1959 as
Sphyrotinus guanicae Petrunkevitch, 1930) Frontinella communis (Hentz, 1850) (BRYANT, 1948)
Thymoites pallidus (Emmerton, 1913) (LEVI, 1964) Grammonota calcarata Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948).
Holotype male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera
Tidarren sisyphoides (Walckenaer, 1842) (LEVI, 1957) Central, Loma Rucilla mountains, 5,000–8,000 feet,
June 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Family THERIDIOSOMATIDAE
Lomaita darlingtoni Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948) (this
[Allototua guttata Bryant, 1945] (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype genus possibly belongs in the Mysmenidae (Brignoli
female, from Dominican Republic, Loma Vieja, Cordi- 1983)). Holotype male, from Dominican Republic;
llera Central, south of Constanza, 6,000 feet, August Cordillera Central, Loma Vieja, south of Constanza,
1938, (Darlington), [MCZ?]. Hispaniolan endemic. 6,000 feet, August 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispa-
(Genus and species considered unrecognizable by niolan endemic.
CODDINGTON (1986); unique specimen lost).
210 D. Penney & D. E. Pérez-Gelabert
†Meioneta bigibber (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH, 1988 north range, 3,000–4,000 feet, July 1938, (Darlington),
as †Agyneta bigibber Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber,
Chrysometa sabana Levi, 1986 (LEVI, 1986). Holotype
[PCJW]. Hispaniolan endemic.
female, from Dominican Republic; forest near Hato
†Meioneta fastigata (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH, 1988 Mayor and Sabana de la Mar, 20 July 1995, (W. G.
as †Agyneta fastigata Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype Hassler), [AMNH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber,
†Cyrtognatha weitschati Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
[SMF 38169]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Meioneta separata (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH, 1988 Republic amber, [GPIMH]. Hispaniolan endemic.
as †Agyneta? separata Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype
Glenognatha mira Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype
male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber,
female, from Haiti; Miragoâne, 2 November 1934,
[SMF 38250]. Hispaniolan endemic.
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
†Lepthyphantes lamellatus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Hispanognatha guttata Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945).
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Holotype male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera
Republic amber, [GPIMH 2540]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Central, Valle Nuevo, south west of Constanza, 7,000
†Selenyphantes flagellifera (Wunderlich, 1986) (WUNDER- feet, August 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan
LICH, 1986 as †Palaeolinyphia flagellifera Wunderlich, endemic.
1986). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
†Homalometa fossilis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Republic amber, [GPIMH 2539]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
Tutaibo anglicanus (Hentz, 1850) (BRYANT, 1948 as Cerati- Republic amber, [SMF 38145]. Hispaniolan endemic.
nopsis anglicana (Hentz, 1850))
Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer, 1842) (BRYANT, 1945 as
Plesiometa argyra (Walckenaer, 1842))
Family TETRAGNATHIDAE
Leucauge regnyi (Simon, 1897a) (BRYANT, 1945)
Agriognatha argyra Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype
male, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central, Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer, 1842) (BRYANT, 1948 as
Leucauge hortorum (Hentz, 1847))
rain forest north of Valle Nuevo, 6,000+ feet, August
1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. Leucage venustella Strand, 1916 (STRAND, 1916)
Agriognatha espanola Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holoty- †Nephila breviembolus Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH,
pe male, from Haiti; Kenscoff, 3,000–4,000 feet, 1 May 1986). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
1935, (Roys), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. Republic amber, [SMF 38177]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Agriognatha rucilla Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1767) (BRYANT, 1945)
male, from Dominican Republic; Loma Rucilla moun-
tains, Cordillera Central, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1958, †Nephila dommeli Wunderlich, 1982 (WUNDERLICH, 1982).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
amber, [SMF 38161]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Antillognatha lucida Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945)
†Nephila furca Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH, 1986).
†Azilia hispaniolensis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988 Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
as †Azilia hispaniolensis Wunderlich, 1988 and †Azilia amber, [SMF 38272]. Hispaniolan endemic.
muellenmeisteri Wunderlich, 1988). Holotype male,
fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic amber, [SMF †Nephila longembolus Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH,
1986). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
38066]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38295]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Azilia montana Bryant, 1940? (BRYANT, 1945, specimen was
a juvenile female). †Nephila tenuis Wunderlich, 1986 (WUNDERLICH, 1986).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
Chrysometa bigibbosa (Keyserling, 1864) (PETRUNKEVITCH, amber, [SMF 38345]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1911 as Meta? bigibbosa (Keyserling, 1864))
Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer, 1842 (BRYANT, 1945)
Chrysometa conspersa (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as
Pseudometa conspersa Bryant, 1945) Tetragnatha nitens Audouin, 1826 (BRYANT, 1945 as Tetrag-
natha haitiensis Bryant, 1945 and Tetragnatha festina
Chrysometa cornuta (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as Bryant, 1945)
Pseudometa cornuta Bryant, 1945). Holotype female,
from Dominican Republic; Loma Vieja Cordillera Tetragnatha orizaba (Banks, 1898) (BRYANT, 1945)
Central, August 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispanio- Tetragnatha pallescens F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1903 (BRYANT,
lan endemic. 1945)
Chrysometa maculata (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as †Tetragnatha pristina Schawaller, 1982 (SCHAWALLER,
Metargyra maculata Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, 1982). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
from Haiti; Ennery, 7 September 1934, (Darlington), Republic amber, [SMNS Do-3591-D-1]. Hispaniolan
[MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic. endemic.
Chrysometa obscura (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as Tetragnatha tenuissima O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 (BRYANT,
Pseudometa obscura Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, 1945)
from Dominican Republic; Mt. Diego de Ocampo,
Comparison of the Recent and Miocene Hispaniolan Spider faunas 211
Family ARANEIDAE Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850) (LEVI, 1999)
Acacesia hamata (Hentz, 1847) (BRYANT, 1945) Cyclosa haiti Levi, 1999 (LEVI, 1999)
Acanthepeira stellata (Walckenaer, 1805) (BRYANT, 1945 as Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) (LEVI, 1977)
Marxia stellata Walckenaer, 1805))
Cyclosa walckenaeri (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (LEVI, 1977
Aculepeira busu Levi, 1991a (LEVI, 1991a). Holotype female, and BRYANT, 1945 as Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer,
from Dominican Republic; Mt. Busú, 1,000– 1,300 m, 1802) a misidentification)
Sierra Martín García, June 1983, (G. Flores, A. Gross),
Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (ALAYÓN-GARCÍA et al.
[MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
2001)
Aculepeira visite Levi, 1991a (BRYANT, 1945 as Parawixia †Enacrosoma verrucosa (Wunderlich, 1988) (WUNDERLICH,
darlingtoni Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from Haiti;
1988 as Cyclosa? verrucosa Wunderlich, 1988).
La Visite, 1,800–2,100 m, [18º22’N, 72º12’W], 16–23
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
Sept. 1934, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
amber, [SMF 38274]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Alcimosphenus licinus Simon, 1895 (BRYANT, 1945). Note: Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) (BANKS, 1903 as
This genus probably belongs in the Tetragnathidae due
Eriophora balaustina (McCook, 1888) and Bryant
to close similarities to Leucauge (Levi 1986).
1945, Eriophora minax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1893))
Allocyclosa bifurca (McCook, 1887) (BRYANT, 1945) Eustala bisetosa Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype
*†Araneometa excelsa Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, male, from Dominican Republic; foot hills of Cordillera
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Central, south of Santiago, 1,000–3,000 feet, June
Republic amber, [SMF 38311]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
*†Araneometa herrlingi Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, Eustala delasmata Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945). Holotype
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican male, Dominican Republic; San José de las Matas,
Republic amber, [GPIMH 2536]. Hispaniolan endemic. 1,500 feet, June 1939, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispanio-
lan endemic.
*†Araneometa spirembolus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Eustala devia (Gerstch & Mulaik, 1936) (LEVI, 1977)
Republic amber, [SMF 38279, not GPIMH as per
Eustala fuscovittata (Keyserling, 1864) (BRYANT, 1945)
Wunderlich (1988)]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Eustala perdita Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945)
Araneus bryantae Brignoli, 1983 (BRYANT, 1945 as Neosco-
nella parva Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from Eustala vegeta (Keyserling, 1865) (BRYANT, 1945)
Dominican Republic; foothills of Cordillera Central,
*†Fossilaraneus incertus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
south of Santiago, 2,000–5,000 feet, June 1938, (Dar-
1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
lington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Republic amber, [SMF 38344]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Araneus elizabethae Levi, 1991a (BRYANT, 1945 as Meta?
blanda Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from Haiti; Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758) (BANKS, 1903
Kenscoff, 4,300 feet, 1 May 1935, (Roys), [MCZ]. as Gasteracantha hilaris Thorell, 1859 and Bryant
Hispaniolan endemic. 1945, Gasteracantha tetracantha (Linnaeus, 1767))
Araneus hispaniola (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as Ara- Gea heptagon (Hentz, 1850) (BRYANT, 1945)
nea? hispaniola Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from
Kapogea sellata (Simon, 1895) (SIMON, 1895 as Cyrtophora
Haiti; Kenscoff, 4,300 feet, 1 May 1935, (Roys),
sellata Simon, 1895)
[MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Larinia minor (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as Drexelia
Araneus hotteiensis (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as Meta? minor Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from Haiti;
hotteiensis Bryant, 1945). Holotype female, from Haiti;
Port-au-Prince, July 1941, (Audant), [MCZ]. Hispanio-
foot hills northeast of Massif de la Hotte, 3,000–4,000
lan endemic.
feet, October 1934, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan
endemic. Mangora fascialata Franganillo, 1936 (BRYANT, 1945 as
Mangora striatipes Bryant, 1945)
†Araneus? nanus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic Mecynogea martiana (Archer, 1958) (ARCHER, 1958 as
amber, [SMF 38153]. Hispaniolan endemic. Allepeira martiana Archer, 1958)
[Araneus perplexus (Walckenaer, 1842)] (PETRUNKEVITCH, Metazygia cienaga Levi, 1995 (LEVI, 1995)
1911) (considered an unrecognizable species by LEVI
Metazygia crewi (Banks, 1903) (BRYANT, 1945 as Araneus?
(1991a))
crewi (Banks, 1903))
[Araneus stellatus (Walckenaer, 1805)] (BRYANT, 1945)
Metazygia dubia (Keyserling, 1864) (LEVI, 1995)
(considered an unrecognizable species by LEVI (1991a))
Metazygia gregalis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (BRYANT, 1945
Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (BRYANT, 1945)
as Metazygia manni Bryant, 1945)
Argiope trifasciata (Forskål, 1775) (BRYANT, 1945)
Metepeira datona Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (BRYANT, 1945
Cyclosa berlandi Levi, 1999 (LEVI, 1999) as Metepeira inerma Bryant, 1945)
Cyclosa bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842) (LEVI, 1999) Metepeira jamaicensis Archer, 1958 (LEVI, 2001)
212 D. Penney & D. E. Pérez-Gelabert
Metepeira triangularis (Franganillo, 1930) (LEVI, 2001) female, from Haiti; Ennery, 10 September 1934, (Dar-
lington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Metepeira vigilax (Keyserling, 1893) (LEVI, 2001)
Thaumasia marginella (C. L. Koch, 1847) (BANKS, 1903)
Micrathena forcipata (Thorell, 1859) (KEYSERLING, 1864 as
Micrathena flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1864)) Tinus connexus (Bryant, 1940) (BRYANT, 1948)
Micrathena militaris (Fabricius, 1775) (BRYANT, 1945)
Family OXYOPIDAE
Micrathena similis Bryant, 1945 (BRYANT, 1945)
Hamataliwa communicans (Chamberlin, 1925) (BRYANT,
Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer, 1842) (BERMAN & LEVI, 1948). Holotype female, from Haiti, (Crew), [MCZ].
1971) Hispaniolan endemic.
Neoscona marcanoi Levi, 1993 (LEVI, 1993). Holotype Hamataliwa haytiana (Chamberlin, 1925) (BRYANT, 1948).
female, from Dominican Republic; Terreno Salado, Holotype female, from Haiti; Port-au-Prince, [Crew
between Neiba and Duvergé, 25 Oct. 1980, (E. Marca- coll., MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
no F.), [MNSD]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Hamataliwa nigritarsa Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948 as
Neoscona moreli (Vinson, 1863) (BERMAN & LEVI, 1971 as Hamataliwa nigritarsus Bryant, 1948). Holotype male,
Neoscona neotheis (Petrunkevitch, 1911)) from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central, Loma
Rucilla mountains, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1938,
Neoscona nautica (L. Koch, 1875) (BERMAN & LEVI, 1971)
(Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Neoscona oaxacensis (Keyserling, 1864) (BRYANT, 1945)
Hamataliwa rana (Simon, 1897a) (BRYANT, 1948 as Hamata-
Ocrepeira darlingtoni (Bryant, 1945) (BRYANT, 1945 as liwa cubana (Chamberlin, 1925))
Parawixia darlingtoni Bryant, 1945)
Oxyopes crewi Bryant, 1948 (Bryant 1948)
Ocrepeira serrallesi (Bryant, 1947) (BRYANT, 1945 as
Neoscona vulgaris (Hentz, 1847), a misidentification) †Oxyopes defectus Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988).
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic
Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 amber, [SMF 38189]. Hispaniolan endemic.
(BRYANT, 1945 as Parawixia cambridgei Bryant, 1940)
Peucetia viridans (Hentz, 1832) (BRYANT, 1948)
*†Pycnosinga fossilis Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH, 1988)
Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican Republic Family CTENIDAE
amber, [SMF 38248]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Ctenus avidus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
Verrucosa arenata (Walckenaer, 1842) (BRYANT, 1945) female, from Haiti; Petionville, November 1912,
Wagneriana tauricornis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) (BRYANT, (Mann), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
1945) Ctenus darlingtoni Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948)
Wagneriana undecimtuberculata (Keyserling, 1865) (PE- Ctenus haitiensis Strand, 1909 (STRAND, 1909)
TRUNKEVITCH, 1911)
Ctenus hiemalis Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
Wagneriana vegas Levi, 1991b (LEVI, 1991b) female, from Haiti; Diquini, November, 1912, (Mann),
Witica crassicaudus (Keyserling, 1865) (BRYANT, 1945 as [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Edricus crassicaudus (Keyserling, 1865)) Ctenus insulanus Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
male, from Dominican Republic; San José de las Matas,
Family LYCOSIDAE 1,500 feet, June 1938, (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispanio-
lan endemic.
Agalenosa bryantae Roewer, 1951 (BRYANT, 1948 as Lycosa
festina Bryant, 1948) Ctenus manni Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
female, from Haiti; Jacmel, (Mann), [MCZ]. Hispanio-
Arctosa inconspicua (Bryant, 1948) (BRYANT, 1948 as Lycosa
lan endemic.
inconspicua)
Ctenus monticola Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
Hogna reducta (Bryant, 1942) (BRYANT, 1948 as Lycosa
female, from Haiti; Furcy, Mt. Cabaio, 7,000 feet, 26
reducta Bryant, 1942)
March 1940, (Folk), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Hogna tantilla (Bryant, 1948) (BRYANT, 1948 as Arctosa
Cupiennius salei (Keyserling, 1877) (BRYANT, 1948)
tantilla Bryant, 1948)
*†Nanoctenus longipes Wunderlich, 1988 (WUNDERLICH,
Pardosa hamifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 (DONDALE & 1988). Holotype male, fossil in Miocene Dominican
REDNER, 1984) Republic amber, [GPIMH 2542]. Hispaniolan endemic.
Pardosa portoricensis Banks, 1902a (BRYANT, 1948) Trujillina hursti (Bryant, 1948) (BRYANT, 1948 as Odo hursti
Trochosa reichardtiana Strand, 1916 (STRAND, 1916) Bryant, 1948). Holotype male, from Dominican Repu-
blic; Puerto Plata, April–May 1941, (Hurst), [MCZ].
Family PISAURIDAE Hispaniolan endemic.
Trujillina spinipes Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype
Pisaurina dubia (Hentz, 1847) (BRYANT, 1948 as Uloborus
female, from Dominican Republic; Cordillera Central,
americanus Walckenaer, 1842)
Loma Rucilla mountains, 5,000–8,000 feet, June 1938,
Thaumasia annecta Bryant, 1948 (BRYANT, 1948). Holotype (Darlington), [MCZ]. Hispaniolan endemic.
