Combating the Proliferation of Small Arms And Light Weapons in West Africa: Handbook for the Training of Armed And Security Forces

151 Pages·2005·7.83 MB·English

by  United Nations

Combating the Proliferation of
Small Arms and Light Weapons
in West Africa:
Handbook for the
Training of Armed and Security Forces
Anatole Ayissi and lbrahima Sal1
Editors
UNlDlR
United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
Geneva, Switzerland
UNITED NATIONS
NOTE
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United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
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delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
*
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Nations, UNlDlR, its staff members or sponsors.
I UNIDIR/2005/7 I
Copyright 0 United Nations, 2005
All rights reserved
~~
ISBN 92-9045-1 71 -8
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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword by Abdoulie Janneh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface by Patricia Lewis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TheAuthors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction
Boosting capacity to combat the proliferation of small arms
and light weapons in West Africa: priority for local expertise
Anatole Ayissi and lbrahima Sal1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Part I
The international community, peace and human security . . . . . 3
Chapter 1
The sovereign State in the international order
AliouneSall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Definition of the state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cooperation among states: the United Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 2
Human security in international law
AliouneSall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
What is human security? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Human rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Humanitarian law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
V
vi
Part II
The Economic Community of West African States
as the institutional framework for efforts to combat
the moliferation of small arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 3
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
as the institutional framework for efforts to combat
the proliferation of arms in West Africa
Cheikh Oumar Diarra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Introduction: principal organs of ECOWAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The significance of efforts by ECOWAS
to combat the proliferation of small arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chapter 4
Implementing the Moratorium on light weapons
Abubakarr Multi Kamara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Programme for Coordination and Assistance
for Security and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
PCASED activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
PCAS E D in t erven tion pr in ci ples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Part Ill
Techniques for combating the proliferation of small arms
in West Africa: legal and operational aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chapter 5
Techniques for combating arms proliferation
in West Africa: legal aspects
AliouneSall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Legalaspect s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
vii
Chapter 6
Cooperation among armed forces and security forces
in combating the proliferation of small arms
J.G.Yacubu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
The causes of the proliferation of small arms in Nigeria . . . . . . . 56
Factors favourable to the proliferation of small arms . . . . . . . . . 58
Activities that encourage the proliferation of small arms . . . . . . . 60
Composition of the armed forces and
security forces in Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Areas of cooperation between the armed forces
and security forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
The government’s responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chapter 7
Cooperation between civilians and the security forces in efforts
to combat the proliferation of small arms and light weapons
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Decision establishing national commissions for the
control of the proliferation and unlawful circulation
of light weapons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Civilian-military cooperation in efforts to combat the
proliferation of small arms and light weapons . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter 8
Cooperation between states to combat the
proliferation of small arms and light weapons
Djibril Ndime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Foundations of cooperation between states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Areas of cooperation policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Outcome of cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
viii
Chapter 9
Border controls and cross-border crime in West Africa
Ham~dineF all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
~n t r o d u ~ i o. .n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Inadequate border protection: a factor conducive to crime . . . . 85
The many facets of cross-border crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
How can border controls be improved in
combating cross-border crime? ...................... 88
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Chapter 1O
Crime and the cross-border movement of weapons:
the case of Nigeria
P.Y.Adejo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Poor border controls. a factor promoting crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Cross-border security agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Areas of cross-border insecurity. ........................ 95
Government efforts to achieve cross-border cooperation . . . . . . 98
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Part IV
Culture of Deace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - * . . 101
Chapter I1
For a culture of peace in West Africa
M.B.Ekpang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Conditions for the establishment of a culture of peace . . . . . . . 104
Ethnicity. exclusion and peace deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Religion. intolerance and the peace deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Economic deprivation and peace deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Law and culture of peace ............................. 107
Civic education and culture of peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
iixx
Chapter 12
Civil society and the fight against the
proliferation of small arms and light weapons
Ayodele Aderinwale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i
Efforts to combat small arms: international mobilization . . . . . . 111
Civil society and efforts to combat the proliferation
of small arms in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Role and responsibilities of civil society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
An agenda for civil society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Chapter 13
The role of the mass media in strengthening a culture of peace
and national integration in Nigeria
Tonnie lredia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
The mass media as a threat to national integration . . . . . . . . . . 120
Constitutional and legislative provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Media. peace and national integration: sociological context . . . 122
Culture of professional media and culture of peace . . . . . . . . . . 123
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Recente UNlDlR publications. ... .. . . . . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . . . . 112277