Climate Governance in the Arctic

458 Pages·2009·2.42 MB·English

by  E. Carina H. Keskitalo

Climate Governance in the Arctic
ENVIRONMENT & POLICY
VOLUME 50
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/5921
Climate Governance
in the Arctic
Editedby
Timo Koivurova
NorthernInstitute forEnvironmentalandMinorityLaw/Arctic
Centre,UniversityofLapland, Rovaniemi,Finland
E. Carina H. Keskitalo
Umea˚ University,DepartmentofSocialandEconomicGeography,
Umea˚,Sweden
and
Nigel Bankes
Faculty ofLaw,UniversityofCalgary,ABCanada
123
Editors
TimoKoivurova E.CarinaH.Keskitalo
NorthernInstituteforEnvironmentaland Umea˚University
MinorityLaw/ArcticCentre DepartmentofSocialandEconomic
UniversityofLapland Geography
Rovaniemi Umea˚
Finland Sweden
timo.koivurova@ulapland.fi [email protected]
NigelBankes
FacultyofLaw
UniversityofCalgary,AB
Canada
[email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4020-9541-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9542-9
DOI10.1007/978-1-4020-9542-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008940441
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Preface and Acknowledgements
Thisbookisaproductofaresearchprojectthatbeganin2006.Theresearchgroup
consisted of an inter-disciplinary group of scholars from numerous countries aim-
ingtoexaminehowvariousgovernancemechanismscontributedtomitigationand
adaptation to climate change in the Arctic. The original name of the project was
“The Capability of International Governance Systems in the Arctic to Contribute
to the mitigation of Climate Change and Adjust to its Consequences” (CIGSAC,
project No. 8110564), which later was changed to “Climate Governance in the
Arctic” (see the project’s website at http://www.arcticcentre.org/?deptid=25873).
The project was funded by the Academy of Finland, and we want to express our
gratitudefortheAcademy’sfinancialsupport.
Theresearchprojectbenefittedgreatlyfromthetwoseminarsthatwereorganised
duringitslife-cycle.ThelaunchmeetingoftheprojectwasinPyha¨tunturiFinland
from August 30 to September 3, 2006, where the initial research topics were dis-
cussed and their viability and desirable future focus examined. The final meeting
(9thand10thofJanuary2008ArcticCentre,Rovaniemi,Finland)concentratedon
fine-tuningtheindividualcontributionsanddevelopingasimilargeneralframework
forthedifferentcontributions.
Wewouldliketoexpressoursincerethankstoallthecontributorsformakingan
honest attempt to follow this framework. We would also like to thank the contrib-
utorsforparticipatinginthesetwomeetings;wethinkitwasalearningexperience
forall sinceour different expertise informedacriticalbut constructive discussion.
Apart from valuable suggestions for improving the quality of the individual chap-
ters, the meetings also provided important guidance for the introductory and con-
cludingchaptersofthebook.Importantrolesinassistingusintheeditingprocess
wereplayedespeciallybyresearcherAdamStepienfromtheNorthernInstitutefor
EnvironmentalandMinorityLaw(ArcticCentre,UniversityofLapland),and,atthe
final stages, researcher Henna Tervo, also from NIEM. Thank you for all the hard
work!
Many of the authors have also made an effort to follow developments in some
cases up to spring 2008 when the contributions for this book were due: this holds
trueespeciallyforlegaldevelopmentssurroundingtheArcticmarineenvironment.
Wehopethatthisbookwillopenupnewhorizonsforthinkingaboutclimategover-
nanceissuesfromanArcticviewpoint.Wealsohopethatthisbookmayhelpinspire
v
vi PrefaceandAcknowledgements
thosepersonsinvolvedinthevariousgovernancemechanismsthathaveimplications
in the Arctic to find new ways of viewing the climate policies of their respective
institutions,andtherebycontributingtoclimatepolicymainstreamingingeneral.
We would also like to thank our families: the book added much work to the
normal workload, requiring many extra evenings behind the computer. Thanks for
beingsopatientandinterested!
Rovaniemi,Finland TimoKoivurova
Umea˚,Sweden E.CarinaH.Keskitalo
Alberta,Canada NigelBankes
Contents
1 ClimateGovernanceintheArctic:IntroductionandTheoretical
Framework.................................................... 1
E.CarinaH.Keskitalo,TimoKoivurovaandNigelBankes
PartI ClimateChangeintheArctic
2 TheClimateChangeRegimeandtheArcticRegion ................ 27
MeinhardDoelle
3 TheClimatePolicyoftheArcticCouncil.......................... 51
TimoKoivurovaandMd.WaliulHasanat
4 A Changing Arctic Climate: Science and Policy in the Arctic
ClimateImpactAssessment ..................................... 77
AnnikaE.Nilsson
5 “New Governance” in the Arctic and Its Role for Supporting
ClimateChangeAdaptation ..................................... 97
E.CarinaH.Keskitalo
PartII LookingOutwards
6 Should the Law Governing Maritime Areas
intheArcticAdapttoChangingClimaticCircumstances? ..........119
ErikFranckx
7 ClimateChangeandArcticFisheries .............................145
ErikJ.Molenaar
8 WorldHeritageConvention,ClimateChangeandtheArctic ........171
LottaViikari
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viii Contents
9 Rethinking the Status of Indigenous Peoples in International
EnvironmentalDecision-Making:PonderingtheRoleofArctic
IndigenousPeoplesandtheChallengeofClimateChange...........207
LeenaHeina¨ma¨ki
10 ThePotentialoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversitytoAddress
theEffectsofClimateChangeintheArctic........................263
ThiloMarauhn
PartIII LookingInwards
11 IsAdaptationGovernableintheArctic?NationalandRegional
ApproachestoArcticAdaptationGovernance .....................289
MonicaTennberg
12 MitigationPossibilitiesintheEnergySector–AnArcticPerspective .303
MariaPettersson
13 Climate Change Policy in the Arctic: The Cases of Greenland
andNunavut...................................................327
NataliaLoukacheva
14 ClimateChangeandtheRegimefortheConservation
ofPolarBears .................................................351
NigelBankes
15 SubjectiveEnvironmentalism:TheBarentsEuro-ArcticCouncil
andItsClimateChangePolicy...................................383
S.G.Sreejith
16 ClimateChangeandtheFutureofArcticGovernance:ASlushy
SeascapeandHardQuestions ...................................403
DavidL.VanderZwaag
17 ConclusionsonClimateGovernanceintheArctic..................429
E.CarinaH.Keskitalo,TimoKoivurovaandNigelBankes
Index .............................................................445
Contributors
NigelBankes TheUniversityofCalgary,2500UniversityDrNW,Calgary,
Alberta,T2N1N4,Canada,[email protected]
MeinhardDoelle Marine&EnvironmentalLawInstitute,DalhousieLawSchool,
Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada,B3H4H9,[email protected]
ErikFranckx DepartmentofInternationalandEuropeanLaw,VrijeUniversiteit
BrusselPleinlaan2,B-1050Brussels,Belgium,[email protected]
Md. Waliul Hasanat The Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority
Law, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland; Lapin yliopisto, Arktinen
Keskus,PL122,96101,Rovaniemi,Finland,waliul.hasanat@ulapland.fi
LeenaHeina¨ma¨ki NorthernInstituteforEnvironmentalandMinorityLaw,Arctic
Centre,UniversityofLapland,Finland;Lapinyliopisto,ArktinenKeskus,PL122,
96101Rovaniemi,Finland,leena.heinamaki@ulapland.fi
E. Carina H. Keskitalo Political Science, Department of Social and Economic
Geography,Umea˚ University,90187Umea˚,Sweden,
[email protected]
Timo Koivurova The Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law,
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Lapin yliopisto, Arktinen Keskus, PL 122,
96101,Rovaniemi,Finland,timo.koivurova@ulapland.fi
NataliaLoukacheva PolarLawProgram,UniversityofAkureyri,
Iceland;MunkCentreforInternationalStudies,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,
[email protected]
ThiloMarauhn JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,LicherStr76,35394Giessen,
Germany,[email protected]
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