Table Of ContentJournal of Chromatography Library - Volume 1
CHROMATOGRAPHY ANTIBIOTICS
OF
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY
Volume 1 Chromatography of Antibiotics
by G.H. Wagman and M.J. Weinstein
Journal of Chromatography Library - Volume 1
CHROMATOGRAPHY
OF ANTIBIOTICS
Gerald H. Wagman, Manager
Antibiotics Research Department, Schering Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey
Marvin J. Weinstein, Director
Microbiology Research Division, Sch ering Corporation, Bloomf ield, New Jersey
ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM - LONDON - NEW YORK 1973
ELSEVIER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY
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335
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ISBN: 0-444-41 106-2
Copyright 0 1973 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
by
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The
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our appreciation for the valuable assistance given to us by the
Library Staff of the Schering Research Laboratories, in particular to Mrs. Corinne McGee
for literature searches and to Dr. Elizabeth Shecket for some of the translations. Also, we
thank Mrs. Alyson Cooper for transcription of data and we especially acknowledge the
work of Mrs. Patricia Bzdek whose tireless efforts in typing the entire manuscript helped
make this book possible. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Preston L. Perlman, Vice
President Laboratory Research and the late Dr. Augustus Gibson, Vice President for
Research and Development, for their kind consideration of this project.
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
The authors remember . . . .
A little over twenty years ago, in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s the authors were
engaged in antibiotic screening and other microbiological research projects; we remember
well the introduction and development of the new analytical tool, paper chromatography.
It was finding its place in the analysis of various biologically interesting substances such as
alkaloids, steroids, vitamins, amino acids and finally antibiotics.
Researchers struggled with this new technique in antibiotic screening which moved the
arena of discovery from the hallowed halls of the organic chemist closer to the corner
laboratory of the microbiologist. With this new weapon, properly employed, it became
possible to demonstrate differences among substances but not necessarily similarities. This
is the goal of any screening program: one searches for novelty, not for sameness. The
labors of the chemist could now be conserved for final chemical identification and physical
characterization. The microbiologist was now able to declare with a good deal more
confidence what the observed activities were not.
The use of paper, and later, thin layer chromatography, permitted antibiotic screening
to make genuine advances. As increasing numbers of new antibiotics tumbled from the
fermentation broths, identification of authentic discoveries became increasingly more
difficult. The search, however, is far from being over, and for the imaginative and
perservering researcher, there are still useful agents to be found.
It is for the diligent screener that this book has been prepared. It is an antibioticist’s
vade mecum. We have found this data compilation on the chromatography of antibiotics
most useful for our purposes and hope it will be found applicable and time saving for
others.
This book is primarily for use as a consolidated reference for the specific chromatographic
identification of antibiotics. As an operating manual, one might ask if this is a propitious
time to introduce such a book. Hasn’t the antibiotic discovery era come and gone? We
think not. In spite of the frequent funereal pronouncements that the discovery of new
antibiotics is in a moribund state, new entities are regularly brought to life. From our
laboratory, during the past 10 years, the discovery of gentamicin, halomicin, evernino-
micin, megalomicin, rosamicin and sisomicin have been reported up to the time of this
writing.
There was a hiatus in the discovery of clinically useful antibiotics from the middle
1950’s, when kanamycin was discovered, until the Third Interscience Conference on
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, in 1963, when both lincomycin and gentamicin
were announced. The utility of the new aminoglycoside, gentamicin, was unique with its
wide spectrum of gram-negative activity, including Pseudomoms organisms, as well as
activity against gram-positive bacteria, and most important, limited but definable and
minimal toxicity. This initiated a re-evaluation of basic, resin extractable antibiotics
which had been shelved in various screening program refrigerators. In the last few years a
plethora of aminoglycoside antibiotics have been reported; tobramycin, kanendomycin,
dideoxy-kanamycin B, ambutyrosine, negamycin, sisomicin and BBK-8, to name several.
This renaissance was by no means limited to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Indeed new
polypeptides, ansamycins, macrolides and other novel chemical types have been discovered
in recent years.
We believe that antibiotics are alive and well and will continue to be found. We offer
this book as a guide to the investigator who takes up this hunt.
Bloomfield, N.J. Gerald H. Wagman
February, 1973 Marvin J. Weinstein
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chromatographic Classification of Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Detection of Antibiotics on Chromatograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Comments on the Use of this Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Index Chromatography of Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
.
Index by Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
