Child abuse history and its effects on affect and social cognition as mediated by social support

353 Pages·2017·9.41 MB·English

by  David Gerard Beeman

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
1992
Child abuse history and its effects on affect and
social cognition as mediated by social support
David Gerard Beeman
Iowa State University
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Recommended Citation
Beeman, David Gerard, "Child abuse history and its effects on affect and social cognition as mediated by social support " (1992).
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9975.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9975
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Child abuse and its effects on affect and social cognition as
mediated by social support
Beeman, David Gerard, Ph.D.
Iowa State University, 1992
Copyright ©1992 by Beeman, David Gerard. All rights reserved.
U M I
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Child abuse history and its effects on affect and social cognition
as mediated by social support
by
David Gerard Beeman
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Major: Psychology
Approved:
Signature was redacted for privacy.
In Charjge^'f Major Work
Signature was redacted for privacy.
^or the Major Department
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Fe^tKe Graduate College
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
1992
Copyright © David Gerard Beeman, 1992. All rights reserved.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES x
ABSTRACT xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
Overview of the Present Research 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 6
The History of Child Abuse 6
Physical Maltreatment of Children 6
Sexual Exploitation of Children 8
Child Protection Reforms and New Views Toward Children 11
Female Victims of Child Sexual Abuse 16
Characteristics of Sexual Abuse of Females 16
Definitions 16
Prevalence 17
Age of Victims.... 19
Duration and Frequency 19
Perpetrators 20
Type of Sexual Activity 21
Force, Violence, and Coercion 23
Social Risk Factors 23
The Effects of Sexual Abuse on Females 26
Immediate Effects 27
Emotional reactions 27
Self-perceptions 28
Physical/somatic effects 29
Sexual effects 29
Interpersonal relating 30
Social functioning 31
Delayed Effects 31
Emotional reactions 32
Self-perceptions 33
Physical/somatic effects 33
iii
Sexual effects 34
Interpersonal relating 36
Social functioning 36
Severity of Effects by Type of Abuse 37
The Extent of the Effects 40
Treatment of Female Victims of Child Sexual Abuse 41
Male Victims of Child Sexual Abuse 42
Male Socialization and Sexual Abuse 44
Characteristics of Sexual Abuse of Males 47
Definitions 47
Prevalence 48
Age of Victims 51
Duration and Frequency 51
Perpetrators 52
Type of Sexual Activity 55
Force, Violence, and Coercion 57
Social Risk Factors 57
The Effects of Sexual Abuse on Males 59
Immediate Effects 60
Emotional reactions 60
Self-perceptions 61
Physical/somatic effects 62
Sexual effects 62
Interpersonal relating 63
Social functioning 64
Delayed Effects 64
Emotional reactions 65
Self-perceptions 66
Physical/somatic effects 67
Sexual effects 67
hiterpersonal relating 68
Social fiinctioning 68
Severity of Effects by Type of Abuse 69
The Extent of the Effects 72
iv
Treatment of Male Victims of Child Sexual Abuse 73
Other Forms of Abuse 75
Emotional/Psychological Abuse of Children 75
Physical Abuse and Neglect of Children 78
Characteristics of Physical Abuse and Neglect 78
Incidence and prevalence 78
Gender and age 78
Perpetrators 79
Risk factors 79
The Effects of Physical Abuse and Neglect 81
Physical/somatic effects 82
Emotional reactions and self-perceptions 83
Cognitive functioning 84
Social functioning 84
Ritualistic and Satanic Abuse 85
Witnessing Violence 87
Studies Examining Multiple Forms of Abuse Simultaneously 88
Theories Pertaining to Child Abuse 90
Theories of Etiology 90
Anthropological Explanations of Sexual Child Abuse 90
Individual Explanations of Child Abuse 91
Childhood history 91
Adult psychological functioning 93
Child characteristics 93
Sociological Explanations of Child Abuse 94
Familial Explanations of Child Abuse 94
Cultural Explanations of Child Abuse 95
Ecological Explanations of Child Abuse 95
Standard ecological models 95
Finkelhor's four factor model 96
Theories of Effects 97
Feminist Theory 98
Traumatic Stress Theory 99
Developmental Theory 102
V
Loss Theory 103
Methodological Concerns and Child Abuse Research 104
Definitional Issues 104
Sampling Issues 108
Design Issues 109
Measurement and Instrumentation Ill
Human Subjects Concerns 112
The Present Study 112
Multiple Forms of Child Abuse 112
Positive and Negative Affectivity 113
Social Cognition 115
Social Support 116
Incorporation of Previous Methodological Suggestions 117
Hypotheses 119
METHOD 122
Sample 122
Procedure 122
Measures 123
Psychosocial History 123
PANAS Scales 124
Social Provisions Scale 127
Trauma Constellation Identification Scale 129
A Locus of Control Measure 130
Order of Items and Measures in Protocol 132
Survey's Relationship to Concepts 134
Data Analytic Methods 138
Factor Analyses 138
Canonical Correlation Analyses 139
Multiple Regression Analyses 140
Analyses of Multicollinearity 140
Full Fitted Model Multiple Regressions 142
Hierarchical Regressions 142
Analyses to Examine Differences in Behavioral and Self-Definition of
Abuse 144