Che cos'è la linguistica cognitiva

114 Pages·2014·1.573 MB·Italian

by  Stefani Arduini, Roberta Fabbri

BUSS/O3 3L2E
STUDIL INGUISTICO-LETIERARI
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od idattico.
lettcohrdeie siderano
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StefaAnrod uinRio berFtaab bri
Chec os'lèal inguicsotginciat iva
Caroecdciit ore
A MariCah iaerC ae cilia
Attribuzioni
Moltdee lqluee stiporneis ennteatlte es ntaos codnaou nas erdiile e zio­
nis,e mineac roin ferecnhzege la iu tohrain ntoe nunteocl o rso degli
ultidmuiea nniIn.p articSotleafraeAn rod uihnaid edicaaltlloai ngui­
sticcoag niteai lvlata e ordieal mleat afoicr oar dsiiL inguisgteincear ale
tenuatlil 'UnivdeiUr rsbiitnnàoe galnin aic cadem2i0c0i6 -2e02 0070 7-
20o8I.ln ucldeeocl o ntenduetcloa pitsoulloml eat afoèsr taa otgog et­
tod ell'introadlsu ezmiionna"erM ieot afeoc roen cetttein"u tsoe,m pre
all'UnivdeiUr rsbiitnàno e,2l 0 0e6d iu nac onferaelnlUza na i versidade
daB eirIan ter(iPoorr tognaellllo')a dper2li0 l0e8R .o berFtaab bhrai
svilupbpuaotnopa a rtdee mla teridaelciea pit4o,5l e i n6e clo rsdoi
Linguistteincuant eo2l 0 07-2a0l0l8a Scuola pSeurMp eedriiaotroer i
RN.)
Lingui"sStaiPnce il legrdiiMn ios"a nAod riat(i co
Comep eorg noip ersac riatq tuaa ttmraon il,ec onversaezg ilsoicn aim ­
bis onsot attaiel t ia ncthiei nm oltcia srii sudlitfafi criilceo rdcahdriie
nodiu ea bbisac rirtitsoc,r ciotmtmoe,n tea taofil nleas tabillavi etros io­
nefi nalTeu.t taavbibai asmeog uiqtuoe sstcoh emSat:e faAnrod uisnii
èf atctaor idceoci a pit1o2,l,3 ie d elnloat cao ncluAs iRvoab.e rFtaab bri
L'tIrnuozdnieo
invescied evonioc apit4o,l5 ei 6 . è startead atta
congiuntamOevnvtiea.m enstiea,me on tramrbeis ponspaeblri' loip era
neslu oc omplesso.
Indice
Inotdruzio7n e
1. Lal niguitsiccao gintiuvnan :u voop aradgima 11
1.1U.n an uovcao ncezidoelnale ln iguisti1c1a
1.2L.e t rsev olctoeng itidveleal lnigusitic1a3
1.3L.a s volctuatl urlae 16
1.4A.p proccconigi tiev lniig iusticcoang itiv1a7
2. Catgeorizzziaon2e2
2.1I.ml o delol classi2c2o
2.2S.o miglianzef admii gl2i3a
2.3P.r otot2i5p i
2.4S.i milar2i8t à
2.5A.m bidtiia ppilcazidoenlce o ncedtitp or ototi2p9o
3. Metafroae m etoinmia3 3
3.1l.p redescseor3i3
3.2L.a r filsseionneo vecente3s5c a
3.3M.e tafoer lnaig uistciocngai tiv4a1
3.4M.e tnoimia4 8
4. Semantiac 51
4.1P.r incdielpali s emantciocngai tiv5a1
4.2.Fr ameed omini5o6
4.3L.' organizzdaelzp iroonfei lo-frame/6d0o minio
4.4A.lc unsivi ulppid elrlealz aionfer ame/domi61n io
4-5·Ra ppofrrtiaid omini6 6
4.6S.p azmien tal7i4
5
s. Cocnettuailzzazioeno ep earzoindii c otrsuzoine7 9
5.1L.e o perazdiioc noisu tzrion7e9
5.2C.al ssificadzelielo onpee razdioicn ois truzi8o0n e
5.3G.l sich emid ii mmagin8e8
6. Grammatciac ognitiv8a9
6.1C.h ec os'èg rlaam matciocngai tiv8a9?
6.2I.ll n iguaggioco mes istesmiam boli9c1o
6.3A.l ucnec arattehredi setliglcraa mmatciocngai tiv9a4
6.4L.e r ezliaofnrila e u nità9 7
Cocnulsio9n9i
Bbilioagfrai 102
6
Introduzione
Lal ingiaucc iosgtnièut n'imvapai gaas lsadiisau t dcih heac omini­ca
tos ival pupraisf ar filnaed egalnniis t ettaaenl n'ziioid egalnnii
ottanatvane,d coo mpeu noc tnertadlelel per oprriiceel r'ciohm­erp
tandzesali n gicfiaetd oe pir ceoscsoniec ttul.aiB enhcéa lcdueins iou i
rapepsreannttsifi os soef rormantelilm' baiodt ellgarm amatiagc nee­
ratuivntaaa, il mep aozsoitnseèi p oasc tomael teranllavati iisovnae
auotnomdae lslrteuu trtlei nigshuteitp iciadc iq uelrliap,en ndos ae
sivlunpdpoua ntaar dziiocnhehe a c onseirdtaoi lli nggguoiia n
funziondees lin giafitcsoez nas erpaardlaoga lliat psretitd iel lcao gni­
zoin.eI nq uessteoni slloig nuagngoiènoa ltcrhoue n dae lmlanei ­
fsetoanzdiiiu nat penoaizlàtic ogtniipviagù en elrceah pee rtmtedei
contnteere idnoifrvmzeoairnsPiee. r luaii sclctaiog nnigitvian,lo t,r e
illi nggguièaso rt ettnaetlm eegaal'tsluoo i,nq uanltceoa e tgoerl iee
srtutrteu sienmn aitacs, iansstim,o frolioeagf onoolgivean gono
cotsrtueip raat eid arllnao rsact ogniiozndeis p ceificohcceoe rnrezi n
spechiesfi iucatizoni.
Occorrrcieo rd,a raoe rdo elv nre oc,h tea plriii npscio nsaott siiv lup­
patain cdhaea lttrreai doidnziir iccaes,ro aptrtttuionE urpoaA.
partidraegal nniis t ettalans ae omt ici a l,a ltiianc gstuuteiasllepa,r ag­
matciael an uovrate orsiocnaao na dtper porinoe ldliari eozndei
coentstaarcleu ndie galssinu itf ondamteandlelilg arm amatciag nee­
rateip vrao rpromeo edlallit aetr.iSn vièic ossivìl uaptpo amupni o
movimnetcoh pear tnedod apler usppooc shtleos u tdidoell ingg­ua
gois tir opvear,c olsnaie sntzseats ads eslou o ggett,oa lcn ertod i
moletplic irccoveiaav,ra àlr labos iongod iu nm oedlloo iretnaat o
itnegriaplri eù piolisre siu islbtoattteuint .Ci osgìr,a azcii onet irb­u
tdie lsleamn ta ciag neerateia vslao u r ecupdeelrltoaoe rdieag altit i
liunigsitg,ir caazniceah lell ian giauct ietssutlaeea llsao icoluiinisg­t
ca, dsmieennziatacr gel iu dssilut l inggguifiaogu radteloln eer eoot­
rcih,ge iiànq ueagnlniai v evaassnnuoot u nr liiesveome pm ragog­i
regl aips ettsie mnaitcqiu,e plrlgaima tieqc uii nadncihl efa un zione
comuantiidcvelali ngggui(aoAd rui,1n 9i8p9.1, 2 ).
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Tuttia vvimaaor edil nloihn annfota tsoie smtean ohnan nsoiv lup­
pato opproesv ertmaeneut tzizlbaiinleig almbii ttriia izdolnmeanet
liunigicsitq,ua lliaf no olioalg,am oroflioeag ltas assciio,nln ' ceec­
zoinef orsdeiq ueldliJo na oPse fit( ofc.rP eotfi2,00 4.)L ac onse­
guenèsz atat uana d ispedreslirloienc ee, pr ucrch oenveenrtigina, r ee
molod tievrsseen rzisacu iarc eot sreuu inrpaor poaso gtrnaiac.I n
qualcmhoeod c hhia vloraantoe i pmrmoidg irr ieaccraat lerantivi
allgar mamatigcean erhaatfi inovic ato inl scliaarplreie dsidileo g li
apsettiùs ppiiecficmaenelt ignutiisacncih,qe ui c onl 'ceceziodni e
colocrheos osnioo cc uptdaii tp io olgi(fac.r C risftraooR ,a mat ,
1999)s,vu iplpnadloae r peeil ùe gaal'tslueoe a slgi nicfia.t o
Portmemod iecr hlela ignuiasc toingtciivpaura, v neduon 'oiirgne
noenur opheaar ,a clocti omle lgidoiq uetlrlaaid oinczeo,m po­nen
dou nq uaddriro ie ifrmeont teiocroi nc ulier iecrhcep orveniie nt
daldliev earrspeeeot rbebetrroo vuancr oneet tsop ioùp ptournpoe r
poetre sesr eiruvtaal.Nt oens olmoah, a a ncshdfiea tloga r mamati­
cag enetrianveasl ou c mapod,u neqn uelglrmaam atciat,re ando
tutltceeo ngsueendzapeier usppioe saltbroadtaill liueni tgsicnhoe­n
gneeratnievdieec e nnpire edecnit.
Illi bcrhpoeer steainmov uloees esi enqr ueoss tenasnoc uhnet n eta­
tidvoim ettreei nr teep,e cros dìri ,e cion rtiubitd elslicneez deel
liunagggoic oingl r anldvaeor os vlotdoal llai ntgiuacci osgtniiva,
riocnoesncdaoq uesutl'taii mmle roi trdaipp ersteanurne'l ateartni­
va ngeelraeal clonace izonforem aliisacd tell ingggiu.oa
Ipl ricmpaoi otolc osittiusec,ne ldliearz ioanppee naace cnntaa,
un'irndotuozniaell lai ntgiucciogasni tirviatn raacncdnioeip ersup­
poisp triinplcaeif ornnedioql u addriro ei ifrmeone tnrtoc uciol lo­
calra.
Isle cooc npadiootlt radteltlcaaa g toerziaozzniec,hè eu ndoei t emi
cnertadlelil lai ntgiauc igcsnioitvpae hrécr igrudiaaml o odi nc ulie
srtuutrtceog ntiisvmiea nifteaosnn ellig nuaig.oLg 'paprcoccialos si­
coaq uestptiood ip roblèqe uemlial roti toseol,ci hcdeefi niesu nca
caetgroiianb saea tir acthtleica om ponongo. tIr astotnnioe e csrsia,
sufifcienit bei rn.iaQ uaclosdau neqp uosesdeiroàn opno sesdeirà
quetlr oa tqetu iine dnrtreàon oen nrtenreàl claeatg orQiueasa.t
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prpoesitvteasl cduec ois ìc aasmib iidtgiàcu ,oi èic aiis n lca'up ipr a­
tenaed neizt rian totns idael t tutcohi arAaip. r obldeermiiv ati
da'alplpcrcooic alssoil clai nigisauctc ogtniihvaao ppoosu tnp unot
divs iatd ivecrhesa,op rateid ralild'weiat tegnesitnniada el"losemi ­
CA.2P ).
glainezd ifm ailgai"g,ui nega llatoe rdieiap roitpo(itfc .r
L'saptetione trsenasetd elc oncettod ip roitpoèotc hiesl ou a mbtio
dia pplaiizconèe es etmrmaenevt aseti vone sitllsee s oil,csa i sntslaia,
mofrolioeagl faon oloiga.
Itle rczpaoio tlroi guuanrodd eiat meit piiidc elllai nitgsiaucc ogni­
tivqau,e dlellolm aet aofraac ,u siai g ugnigel qau teoisndeic ome
CA.3P ).
tratltmaae roteni mi(fac.r liLnag uciosgttniiivcnaas eicrdoa
lmae tfaorac omeu nm odop esrrt utrtauirc eo cnet.t iNs tior tnat a
duneqd uiu n'naomalsieamn aitcmaa d emlo dod ic onnteteirle
siesmtcao cnettausatlrceao tlntna oo rsat eszpae rseidì eic cnos ortiu­
reu nap osseci onboieslnczSavi.ul ppnadqou etsai daeF, auconnei er
Turne(r1 9h9a6n)nc oo nisderlaamt eotf aorac omeu np rceosso
gneeradleel cloag noinzueim ancaha imabtol eignn( dufsieo,)nc he
combmiantare ilaec ogtniicvooo nr iingdiie vsr.eQ uestmae solcna­
zaèl s'patetvoi tpaelhreécc ostietq uuailoscscdain uovcoh neo pnu ò
esser eiorcnodttoau nbaas elt etel.reL aal inguaci ogsnititivchaa
decdaituonc ae ratteatni zoena ncahleml eat on,id mifeifrnaezaindo­
ldaal lmaea tofrnae sle ncshome e nrteq uesat uèna r eloanzfeari d ue
domicnonigi itv,li pair mrami anea l'lienrtndoiu nsoet sdsoom ini.o
Iqlu ratcopa iotltor aitnltuc ael oc entdrelalllaie n tgiaucc iosgtniiva,
ec oièl 'mbaiodt ellsae mnaitacL. as rtuttsumeranait crai tfletel a
srtuttcuonrceatt uails ein,gi cfiastoi nqou inicd onice ttic hsei
cotsrucionsoa ttverraslo' eirnziatondeell inggguoica ong lail tri
apsettdiel lcao ginoienzQ.u esvtiais oenp ertmtedeic onsairdieel r
singicfiadtoi puranoaol d aiu n'eesspsricoonmueen paor tdaia cces­
sov erosu n'raaec oncettaulpei vùat sac hèei frla moed ,o miione,
deltiamriin nec fiondiie vnatq uaismip osl.se ibi
Iqlu inotc paiotlaop pfornoidseac lcudneelo lpreea zidoicn otisr u­
zoinceh pei cùa rattoel ar'pipzcrzcoaicnoogn iti.vL oap eerizcoen e
conetctluziazaoznideel lrae aalvvtiàe antreta rvseaol cpurncoide i­
metngii ràio cnoisuicnt elplsaoi lciocago gtniiva," figcuormeae "
9